This Online Learning Seminar is
available through a professional
courtesy provided by:
Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall
Assemblies Using Gypsum Board Products
BPB America Inc.
5301 West Cypress St, Ste 300
Tampa, FL 33607
Tel: 813-286-3900
Fax: 813-286-3991
Toll-Free: 866-427-2872
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.bpb-na.com
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©2005 BPB America Inc. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and
produced by BPB America Inc. and remains their property. Questions or concerns about the content
of this course should be directed to the program instructor.
©2005
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Slide 1 of 57
• About the Instructor
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Presented By:
Douglas C. Gehring, P.E.
Director, Marketing Technical Services
BPB America Inc.
5301 West Cypress St., Suite 300
Tampa, FL 33607
Description:
Provides an overview of fire-resistant ceiling and wall
assemblies, including ASTM and UL standards, design
considerations, installation, and performance characteristics
of ceiling panels, wall panels, and suspension systems.
AIA/CES Info:
Provider No. J624 – Course No. AEC041; LUs – 1.00
MCE Info:
Contact your respective governmental licensing and
regulatory agency. This program qualifies for HSW credit.
Expiration date:
April 30, 2006
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or AEC Daily Corporation of any material or construction or any method or
manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and
services should be directed to the program instructor.
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©2005
Slide 2 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
How to use this Online Learning Course
•
To view this course, use the Previous and Next buttons at the bottom of each
slide or the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard.
•
To exit the course at any time, press the ESC key on your keyboard. This will
minimize the full-screen presentation and allow you to close the program.
•
Some slides may contain additional instructor comments. To view them, doubleclick on the
icon and then click on the comment window to scroll through
the text.
•
Within this course is a code word that you will be required to enter in order to
proceed with the online examination. Please be sure to remember or write down
this code word so that you have it available for the test.
•
To receive a certificate indicating course completion, refer to the instructions at
the end of the course.
•
For additional information and post-seminar assistance, click on any of the logos
and icons within a page or any of the links at the top of each page.
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Slide 3 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Learning Objectives
Upon completing this course, you will have a better understanding of:
•
The fire resistive properties of regular, Type X, and Type C gypsum board
•
Concepts and terminology related to fire-resistance testing and standards
•
How to design fire-resistant walls, floors, ceilings, and column assemblies
•
Typical construction details for fire-resistant area separation wall assemblies
•
Additional design considerations, such as moisture- and impact-resistance
•
Key specification issues related to fire-resistant ceiling and wall assemblies
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©2005
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Slide 4 of 57
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
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©2005
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Slide 5 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Introduction
•
Gypsum is a naturally fire-resistant
mineral used in the manufacture of
various types of board products.
•
Fire-resistance ratings are the result
of tests conducted on systems that
are composed of specific materials
put together in a specified manner.
•
It is important to remember that
ASTM procedures require that fire
tests be conducted on assemblies,
and not individual products.
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©2005
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Slide 6 of 57
• About the Instructor
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Gypsum
•
Gypsum is an abundant, naturally occurring mineral that is mined or quarried. It
can also be a synthetic mineral that is a byproduct of scrubbing emissions from
coal burning power plants. Gypsum from either of these sources is used primarily
for the production of gypsum board and gypsum plaster. It is estimated that
90% of interior building surfaces are finished with gypsum products.
•
Gypsum belongs to a group of minerals called sulfates. In chemical terms,
gypsum is referred to as hydrous calcium sulfate and is made up of oxygen,
sulfur, calcium, and water (CaSO4.2H20).
•
One of the many unique properties of gypsum is the ability to release its water
when heated (in a process called calcination). The presence of water molecules
and the insulative properties of gypsum contribute to its use as a fire-resistant
building material.
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©2005
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Slide 7 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Gypsum Board
Gypsum board can be defined as "the generic name for a family of sheet products
consisting of a noncombustible core primarily of gypsum with paper surfacing."
There are three general types of gypsum board:
•
Regular Gypsum Board: A gypsum board with naturally occurring fire resistance
from the gypsum in the core.
•
Type X Gypsum Board: A gypsum board with special core additives to increase
the natural fire resistance of regular gypsum board.
•
Type C Gypsum Board: A specially formulated gypsum board with additional
properties to further enhance the fire-resistive characteristics of the product.
Also referred to as "Improved Type X" gypsum board.
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Slide 8 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Gypsum Board Cont'd…
•
•
•
When gypsum board or gypsum
plaster is exposed to fire, the water is
slowly released as steam, effectively
retarding heat transmission.
1900°F
This diagram illustrates how gypsum
board performs after two hours of
exposure to heat (as per ASTM E 119).
The vertical line represents the plane
of calcination (about 2" from the
exposed surface). Beyond this point,
the temperature never exceeds 220°F.
Previous
©2005
Plane of
Calcination
950°F (1")
220°F (2")
180°F (4")
130°F (6")
Source: GA-600-2003 Fire Resistance Design Manual
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Slide 9 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Gypsum Board Standards
•
Gypsum board is manufactured in accordance with ASTM Standard C 1396
"Standard Specification for Gypsum Board". This specification is a consolidation
of several existing ASTM standards and covers various types of gypsum board,
including wallboard, backing board, shaftliner board, and sheathing board.
•
ASTM C 1396 defines Type X gypsum board as gypsum board that provides not
less than 1 hour fire-resistance for boards 5/8" thick or not less than 3/4-hour fireresistance for boards 1/2" thick, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 119.
•
ASTM Standard C 840 "Specification for Application and Finishing of Gypsum
Wallboard" covers requirements for application and finishing. Construction
details for specific fire-rated assemblies must be obtained from reports of fireresistance tests, engineering evaluations, or recognized fire testing laboratories.
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Slide 10 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire Protection Standards
•
The two primary ASTM standards related to fire protection are ASTM E 84 "Test
Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials" and ASTM E
119 "Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials".
•
Other organizations have developed similar fire protection standards. For
instance, Underwriters Laboratories have developed UL 723 "Test for Surface
Burning Characteristics of Building Materials" and UL 263 "Fire Tests of Building
Construction and Materials".
•
In addition, the National Fire Protection Association has issued NFPA 255
"Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building
Materials" and NFPA 251 "Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of
Building Construction and Materials".
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Slide 11 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire Protection Standards: ASTM E 84
•
•
•
Commonly referred to as the Tunnel
Test, this test measures the relative
flame spread and amount of smoke
generated by a given test material.
The test material's performance is
then compared to that of reinforced
cement board and red oak flooring.
This table lists typical surface burning
characteristics for gypsum products
as well as the standard materials
referenced in the test method.
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©2005
Surface Burning Characteristics
Flame
Spread
Smoke
Developed
Cement Board
0
0
Gypsum Plaster
0
0
Glass Mat Gypsum
0
0
Fiber Reinforced
Gypsum Panels
5
5
Gypsum Lath
10
0
Gypsum Wallboard
0-15
0
Gypsum Sheathing
15-20
0
100
100
Material
Red Oak
Source: GA-600-2003 Fire Resistance Design Manual
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Slide 12 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire Protection Standards: ASTM E 84 Cont'd…
•
This fire-test-response standard is applicable exposed surfaces, such as walls and
ceilings, and is conducted with the test specimen in the ceiling position with the
surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source.
•
In order to be suitable for this test, the material, product, or assembly must be
capable of being mounted in the test position. As a result, the specimen must
either be self-supporting, held in place by supports, or secured from the back.
•
Although this test reports the flame spread and smoke developed index for a
given specimen, there is not necessarily a relationship between these two
measures. Surface burning characteristics are simply intended to be used as a
guide in the selection and use of interior finish materials.
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©2005
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Slide 13 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire Protection Standards: ASTM E 119
•
Assemblies are heated in a furnace
in accordance with the standard timetemperature curve shown at right.
•
The fire-resistance classification is
established as the time at which there
is excessive temperature rise, passage
of flame, or structural collapse.
Previous
©2005
Standard Time-Temperature Curve
Temperature (°F)
This test is applicable to composite
assemblies of structural materials for
walls, partitions, columns, girders,
beams, slabs, floors, and roofs.
Temperature (°C)
•
Time (Hrs)
Next
Slide 14 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire Protection Standards: ASTM E 119 Cont'd…
•
Walls and partitions must be at least 100 ft2 (with no edge dimension less than
9') and are required to stop flame or hot gases capable of igniting cotton waste.
When load-bearing walls and partitions are tested, the applied load is required
to simulate the working stresses of the design.
•
Surface temperatures on the unexposed side of the test specimen are measured
at a minimum of nine locations. The average temperature of the unexposed
surface is not permitted to increase more than 250°F above ambient, nor is any
individual thermocouple permitted to rise more than 325°F above ambient.
•
A duplicate of the system (rated for one-hour fire resistance or more) is fire
tested for one-half the specified fire-resistance period (but no longer than onehour) after which it is required to withstand the impact, erosion, and cooling
effects of a hose stream.
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©2005
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Slide 15 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire Protection Standards: ASTM E 119 Cont'd…
•
Floor-ceiling and roof-ceiling systems tested and classified are required to be a
minimum of 180 ft2 (with a shortest edge dimension of not less than 12') and
are required to sustain the design load throughout the test and not permit the
passage of either flame or hot gases capable of igniting cotton waste.
•
Surface temperatures on the unexposed side of the test specimen are measured
at a minimum of nine locations. The average temperature of the unexposed
surface is not permitted to increase more than 250°F above ambient nor is any
individual thermocouple permitted to rise more than 325°F above ambient.
•
Many fire-resistance rated floor-ceiling systems have been tested with openings
through the ceiling membrane for air ducts, electrical outlets, and lighting
fixtures. Building codes permit openings, however the aggregate area of all such
openings must typically not exceed 100 in2 for any 100 ft2 of ceiling area.
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Slide 16 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire-Rated Products vs. Fire-Rated Assemblies
•
Independent third-party organizations, such as UL, may authorize manufacturers
to certify or label their Type X wallboard as acceptable for use in fire-rated
systems based on criteria established by the third-party organization.
•
However, the fact that a particular Type X gypsum wallboard product has been
certified by a third-party organization does not necessarily mean that gypsum
wallboard that is manufactured according to that specific formulation has been
subjected to a full-scale ASTM fire test.
•
ASTM procedures specifically require that fire tests be conducted on complete
assemblies, and not just on the gypsum wallboard by itself, because the ability of
a particular Type X gypsum wallboard product to pass an ASTM fire test may
depend on factors other than the fire-resistance of the wallboard being tested.
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©2005
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Slide 17 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire Protection Basics
Fire-Rated Products vs. Fire-Rated Assemblies Cont'd…
•
For instance, the performance of a Type X gypsum wallboard product may be
affected by the other components that were used to construct the building
assembly, the manner in which the assembly was constructed, and the inherent
variability of ASTM fire tests.
•
Even if a Type X gypsum wallboard is referred to as a "one-hour board" or as
having a "one-hour fire rating", this does not mean that a particular assembly
incorporating that type of wallboard, or that a piece of that wallboard, will
necessarily last for an hour in a fire test or in an actual fire.
•
For additional information on the distinction between fire-rated products and
fire-rated assemblies, please refer to the document entitled "Important Fire
Safety Information" available from the Gypsum Association.
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Slide 18 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
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©2005
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Slide 19 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
Introduction
•
Fire-resistant wall assemblies typically
consist of one or more layers of Type
X or Type C gypsum wallboard, in a
range of thicknesses.
•
Because they are combustible, woodframed assemblies can only achieve a
maximum of a two-hour rating.
•
Noncombustible assemblies can
achieve ratings of up to four hours,
depending upon the number of
layers of wallboard that are used.
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©2005
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Slide 20 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
Noncombustible Interior Walls and Partitions
•
One layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard is applied parallel or at
right angles to each side of 3-5/8"
steel studs at 24" on center.
•
Wallboard is applied to steel studs
using 1" Type S drywall screws at 8"
on center at vertical joints.
•
Drywall screws at 12" on center at
intermediate studs and floor and
ceiling runners. Joints are staggered
24" on each layer and each side.
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©2005
1-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Thickness:
Approx. Weight:
Load-bearing:
4-7/8"
6 psf
No
Next
Slide 21 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
Noncombustible Interior Walls and Partitions Cont'd…
•
One layer of 5/8" proprietary Type X
gypsum wallboard or gypsum veneer
base is applied parallel to each side
of 2-1/2" steel studs at 24" on center.
•
Assembly is tested with 2-3/4" glass
fiber insulation (0.65 pcf) friction fit
inside the stud space.
•
Gypsum wallboard is applied to steel
studs with 1-1/4" Type S drywall
screws at 8" on center at perimeter
and 12" on center at vertical joints.
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©2005
1-Hour Rated Assembly
(Proprietary)
Thickness:
Approx. Weight:
Load-bearing:
3-3/4"
6 psf
No
Next
Slide 22 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
Noncombustible Interior Walls and Partitions Cont'd…
•
A base layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard or gypsum veneer base is
applied parallel to each side of
3-5/8" steel studs at 24" on center.
•
A face layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard or gypsum veneer base is
applied parallel to each side.
•
Base layers are attached with 1" Type
S drywall screws (24" on center). Face
layers are attached with 1-5/8" Type S
drywall screws (12" on center).
Previous
©2005
2-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Thickness:
Approx. Weight:
Load-bearing:
6-1/8"
12 psf
No
Next
Slide 23 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
Noncombustible Interior Walls and Partitions Cont'd…
•
Base layer of 1/2" proprietary Type C
gypsum wallboard or gypsum veneer
base is applied parallel to each side
of 1-5/8" steel studs at 24" on center.
•
A second layer of 1/2" proprietary
wallboard or gypsum veneer base is
applied parallel to each side.
•
A face layer of 1/2" proprietary
wallboard or gypsum veneer base is
applied at right angles to each side.
Joints are staggered 24".
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©2005
3-Hour Rated Assembly
(Proprietary)
Thickness:
Approx. Weight:
Load-bearing:
4-5/8"
14 psf
No
Next
Slide 24 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
Combustible Interior Walls and Partitions
•
One layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard or gypsum veneer base is
applied to each side of 2 x 4 wood
studs at 16" on center.
•
Each layer of gypsum wallboard is
secured with 1-1/4" Type W drywall
screws at 12" on center.
•
The wallboard can be applied either
parallel or at right angles to the
wood studs with joints staggered
16" on opposite sides.
Previous
©2005
1-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Thickness:
Approx. Weight:
Load-bearing:
4-3/4"
7 psf
Yes
Next
Slide 25 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Wall Assemblies
Combustible Interior Walls and Partitions Cont'd…
•
A base layer of 5/8" Type X wallboard
or veneer base is applied to each side
of 2 x 4 studs at 16" on center with
1-1/4" Type W drywall screws.
•
A face layer of 5/8" Type X wallboard
or veneer base is applied to each side
with 1-7/8" Type W drywall screws.
•
Base and face layers are applied
parallel or at right angles to the
wood studs. Face layer screws are
offset 6" from base layer screws.
Previous
©2005
2-Hour Rated Assembly (Generic)
Thickness:
Approx. Weight:
Load-bearing:
6-1/8"
12 psf
Yes
Next
Slide 26 of 57
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Area Separation Walls
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©2005
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Slide 27 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Area Separation Walls
Introduction
•
Area separation walls, also known as
party walls or fire walls, are required
between adjacent dwelling units,
such as apartments and townhouses.
•
In some cases, area separation walls
are also required in commercial and
institutional buildings.
•
Fire-resistance rated gypsum board
systems (both solid and cavity types)
can serve as area separation walls
between adjacent buildings.
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©2005
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Slide 28 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Area Separation Walls
Typical Construction
•
Area separation walls are erected
one floor at a time, beginning at the
foundation and continuing up to or
through the roof.
•
At intermediate floors, metal floor
or ceiling track should be installed
back-to-back.
•
This functions to secure the top of
the lower section of the partition to
the bottom of the next section that
is being installed.
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©2005
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Slide 29 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Area Separation Walls
Typical Construction Cont'd…
•
The area separation wall should be
attached to the adjacent framing on
each side with aluminum clips at all
intermediate floors.
•
These clips soften when exposed to
fire, thus allowing the exposed side
of the structure to collapse.
•
At the same time, the clips on the
other side support the separation
wall and keep it in place, thereby
protecting the adjacent structure.
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©2005
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Slide 30 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Area Separation Walls
Fire-Resistance Rated Assemblies Cont'd…
•
Two layers of 1" x 24" proprietary
Type X gypsum wallboard panels are
inserted between the floor and
ceiling runners.
•
Steel H stud components should be
installed between adjacent pairs of
gypsum wallboard panels.
•
A 3/4" minimum air space must be
maintained between steel H stud
components and adjacent framing
(as indicated by dashed lines).
Previous
©2005
2-Hour Rated Assembly
(Proprietary)
Thickness:
Approx. Weight:
Load-bearing:
3-1/2"
9.5 psf
No
Next
Slide 31 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Area Separation Walls
Finished Assembly
#25 MSG Galv 2" Steel Channel
(Typical) Maximum 24" o.c.
NOM 2x4 Wood Studs
Maximum 24" o.c
#25 MSG Galv 2" Steel H Studs
(Typical) Maximum 24" o.c
3/4" Air Space
Insulation to
Achieve STC 60-64
.063" Aluminum Angle
Attachment Clips
1" Proprietary Type X
Gypsum Board (2 Layers)
Previous
©2005
1/2" Regular Gypsum
Wallboard Applied
Horizontally or Vertically
Next
Slide 32 of 57
• About the Instructor
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Area Separation Walls
Points to Remember
•
Area separation walls can be built higher, are easier and faster to construct,
lighter weight, and take up less space than masonry wall systems. These types
of assemblies may be used in buildings up to four stories with a total height
not more than 44'.
•
Area separation walls are for non-loadbearing partitions only. Unsupported
wall height between floors should not exceed 12'. Penetrations in area
separation walls are usually not permitted by code authorities.
•
Gypsum board must not be used in areas that are continuously or repeatedly
exposed to excessive moisture or dampness. As a result, gypsum board should
not come in direct contact with concrete, masonry, or other surfaces that have
a high moisture content.
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©2005
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Slide 33 of 57
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
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©2005
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Slide 34 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
Introduction
•
Floor and ceiling assemblies can be
categorized as noncombustible (steelframed), steel-framed with a wood
floor, or combustible (wood-framed).
•
Because they are combustible, woodframed assemblies can only achieve a
maximum of a two-hour rating.
•
Noncombustible assemblies can
achieve ratings of up to four hours,
depending upon the number of
layers of wallboard that are used.
Previous
©2005
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Slide 35 of 57
• About the Instructor
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
Noncombustible Floors and Ceilings
•
One layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard or gypsum veneer base
is applied at right angles to 3-5/8"
or 6" steel studs at 16" on center.
•
Layer of gypsum wallboard or veneer
base is secured with 1" Type S drywall
screws at 12" on center.
•
Studs with stud sleeves are inserted in
runners suspended by steel straps
from open web joists (24" on centre)
supporting the lath and concrete slab.
Previous
©2005
1-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Approx. Weight:
Metal Lath:
Concrete Slab:
2.5 psf
3/8"
2-1/2"
Next
Slide 36 of 57
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
Noncombustible Floors and Ceilings Cont'd…
•
One layer of 5/8" proprietary Type X
gypsum wallboard or gypsum veneer
base is applied at right angles to rigid
furring channels at 24" on center.
•
Layer of gypsum wallboard or
veneer base is secured with 1" Type
S drywall screws at 12" on center.
•
Furring channels are attached with
18 gauge wire ties to open web steel
joists at 24" on center supporting the
metal lath and concrete slab.
Previous
©2005
2-Hour Rated Assembly
(Proprietary)
Approx. Weight:
Metal Lath:
Concrete Slab:
2.5 psf
3/8"
2"
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Slide 37 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
Steel-Framed Wood Floors and Ceilings
•
A base layer of 5/8" Type X wallboard is applied at right angles to
the steel joists with 1-1/4" Type S
drywall screws at 24" on center.
•
A face layer of 5/8" Type X wallboard
or veneer base is applied with 1-7/8"
Type S drywall screws (12" on center).
•
The base layer and face layer are
applied at right angles to the channelshaped steel joists at 24" on center.
Face joints offset 24" from base joints.
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1-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Approx. Weight:
Steel Joists:
Wood Floor:
5 psf
8"
1/2"
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
Combustible Floors and Ceilings
•
Base layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard is applied at right angles to
2 x 10 wood joists (24" on center) with
1-1/4" Type W or S drywall screws.
•
Face layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard or gypsum veneer base is
applied at right angles to joists.
•
Face layer is applied with 1-7/8" Type
W or S drywall screws at joints and
intermediate joists and 1-1/2" Type G
drywall screws at end joints.
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1-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Approx. Weight:
Wood Joists:
Wood Floor:
5 psf
2 x 10
1/2"
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Floor and Ceiling Assemblies
Combustible Floors and Ceilings Cont'd…
•
Four layers of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard are applied at right angles
to 2 x 10 wood joists at 24" on center
with Type W drywall screws.
•
Hat-shaped rigid furring channels
are applied at right angles to joists
between the third and fourth layers.
•
The wood joists are supporting 3/4"
T&G plywood applied at right angles
with 8d nails at 6" on center at joints
and 12" at intermediate joists.
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©2005
2-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Approx. Weight:
Wood Joists:
Wood Floor:
12 psf
2 x 10
3/4"
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Slide 40 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Column Assemblies
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Column Assemblies
Introduction
•
Fire-resistant column assemblies
typically consist of several layers of
gypsum wallboard combined with
steel studs or steel column covers.
•
Steel column covers can be located
on the outside of the assembly or
between layers of gypsum wallboard.
•
Depending upon the thickness and
the number of layers of gypsum
wallboard that are used, ratings of
up to four hours can be achieved.
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Slide 42 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Column Assemblies
Noncombustible Columns
•
One layer of 1/2" Type C wallboard
is applied without horizontal joints
to 1-5/8" steel studs located at each
corner of the steel column.
•
The wallboard is secured to the
steel studs with 1" Type S drywall
screws at 24" on center.
•
Metal corner beads are applied to all
corners with 1" Type S drywall screws
and 1/16" joint compound is applied
over the corner beads.
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©2005
1-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Steel Column:
Steel Studs:
W10x49
1-5/8"
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Column Assemblies
Noncombustible Columns Cont'd…
•
A base layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard is applied without any
horizontal joints to 1-5/8" steel studs
located at each corner of the column.
•
A face layer of 1/2" Type X gypsum
wallboard is applied to studs without
horizontal joints.
•
The face layer is secured with 1-3/4"
Type S drywall screws and metal
corner beads are attached with 1"
Type S drywall screws in each flange.
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©2005
2-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Steel Column:
Steel Studs:
W10x49
1-5/8"
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Column Assemblies
Noncombustible Columns Cont'd…
•
A base layer of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard is applied without any
horizontal joints to 1-5/8" steel studs
located at each corner of the column.
•
A second layer of 5/8" Type X wallboard is secured with 1-3/4" Type S
drywall screws and wire tied.
•
The face layer of 5/8" Type X wallboard is applied without horizontal
joints. Metal corner bead is applied
with 1" Type S drywall screws.
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©2005
3-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Steel Column:
Steel Studs:
W10x49
1-5/8"
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Fire-Resistant Column Assemblies
Noncombustible Columns Cont'd…
•
Four layers of 5/8" Type X gypsum
wallboard are applied to a W10x49
steel column and held in place with
paper masking tape.
•
The layers of gypsum wallboard are
covered with a face layer, consisting
of a stainless steel column cover.
•
This No. 24 MSG stainless steel
column cover should consist of two
L-shaped sections with snap-lock
sheet steel joints.
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©2005
4-Hour Rated Assembly
(Generic)
Steel Column:
Column Cover:
W10x49
No. 24 MSG
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Slide 46 of 57
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
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Slide 47 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
General Recommendations
When a fire-resistance rated partition extends above the ceiling, the gypsum
board joints occurring above the ceiling do not need to be taped and fasteners
do not need to be covered when all of the following conditions are met:
a) The ceiling is part of a fire-resistance rated floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling system.
b) All vertical joints occur over framing members.
c) Horizontal joints are either staggered 24" on center on opposite sides of the
partition, or are covered with strips of gypsum board not less than 6" wide, or
the partition is a two-ply system with joints staggered 16" or 24" on center.
d) The partition is not part of a smoke or sound control system.
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
General Recommendations Cont'd…
•
When not specified as a component of a fire tested wall or partition, mineral
fiber, glass fiber, or cellulose fiber insulation of a thickness not exceeding that
of the stud depth can be added within the stud cavity.
•
Systems containing batt or blanket insulation will typically specify the use of
either mineral fiber or glass fiber. In order to maintain its fire-resistance rating,
the system must be constructed using the type of insulation specified.
•
Additional layers of Type X gypsum board or regular gypsum board can be
added to any system. However, in floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling systems, the
addition or deletion of mineral fiber or glass fiber insulation to ceiling joist
spaces could possibly reduce the fire-resistance rating of the assembly.
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
Design Considerations: Moisture-Resistance
•
Moisture-resistant gypsum board is typically used behind tiles in wet areas, such
as bathrooms, laundries, utility rooms, and kitchens. Moisture-resistant gypsum
board may also be used as a wall backing for laminate-face panels or fiberglass
tub and shower units to provide impact, fire, and sound resistance.
•
Type X and Type C moisture-resistant gypsum boards provide the same base as
regular moisture-resistant gypsum board, along with specially formulated cores
for use in fire-resistance rated assemblies.
•
These products consist of a solid set, water-resistant gypsum core covered with
durable water-resistant backing paper and green-colored face paper. Follow tile
manufacturer's recommendations and local installation practices.
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
Design Considerations: Abuse-Resistance
•
Abuse-resistant gypsum board is specifically engineered for use in abuseprone areas, such as corridors, schools, hospitals, and public buildings. Abuseresistant gypsum board is ideal for interior wall and ceiling applications that
require high impact and indentation resistance.
•
Impact resistance is the ability of the product to resist large "soft-bodied" blows
that occur in high traffic areas (ASTM E 695). Indentation resistance is the ability
of the product to resist surface damage from hard objects (ASTM D 1037).
•
Type X abuse-resistant gypsum board is composed of a dense gypsum core,
reinforced by glass fiber and bound in 100% recycled paper. While it is suitable
for use in fire-resistance rated assemblies, it cannot be substituted where Type C
gypsum wallboard is specified to attain a fire-resistance rating.
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Slide 51 of 57
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
Part 1: General
•
It is important to specify that materials be shipped with a weather-tight cover
and in the manufacturer's original packaging, showing the manufacturer's name
and product brand name. Plastic covering should be removed immediately upon
receipt and product inspected prior to storage. Plastic cover should not be used
for outdoor storage protection. Product must be protected from moisture and
weather during storage and handling.
•
Gypsum boards should be stored indoors, off ground surfaces, and protected
from damage by weather and direct sunlight. Exposure to continuous moisture
or extreme temperatures should be avoided. Gypsum boards should be stacked
flat, with care taken to prevent sagging or damage to the board edges, ends,
and surfaces. Storing boards lengthwise, leaning against the framing is not
recommended. Boards should be carried, not dragged, in order to prevent
damage to the finished edges.
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
Part 2: Products
•
Always specify the longest length available in order to avoid unnecessary joints.
•
When specifying fire-resistance rated assemblies, it is essential to specify
materials and construction identical to those tested in rated assemblies by an
independent testing agency acceptable to the authorities having jurisdiction.
•
Type X and Type C gypsum wallboard should be specified as a "gypsum core wall
panel with additives to enhance fire resistance of the core, surfaced with ivorycolored paper on the front and strong liner paper on the back, and complying
with ASTM C 1396."
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
Part 3: Execution
•
It is important to maintain a sound weather-tight building envelope in order
to keep the gypsum board dry throughout the application. Take immediate
and appropriate remediation measures as soon as water leaks or condensation
sources are identified.
•
Provide routine cleaning and maintenance operations to prevent saturation
of the gypsum board. If gypsum board is damaged by water, assess the need
for replacement in accordance with Gypsum Association standards. Do not use
gypsum board that has visible mold growth.
Please remember the word GYPSUM. You will be required to enter it in order to proceed
with the online examination.
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
Part 3: Execution Cont'd…
•
In cold weather, or during joint finishing, temperatures within the enclosure
should stay within the range of 50°F to 95°F and with sufficient ventilation to
carry away excess moisture. Do not apply gypsum board over other building
materials where conditions exist that are favorable to mold growth.
•
Apply gypsum board on walls with a minimum 1/4" gap between the gypsum
board and the floor. Ceiling and wall framing spacing should not exceed 24" on
center. Check specific design information on maximum framing spacing.
•
Fire-resistance rated gypsum wall assemblies may be fastened with screws
instead of nails. However, screws must be substituted one for one, with head
diameter and length equal to or greater than that required for nails. Also, the
spacing of the screws can be no greater than the spacing of the nails.
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Specifying Fire-Resistant Assemblies
Additional Information
For further information related to fire
protection standards and gypsum board
products, please visit the following sites:
Gypsum Association
www.gypsum.org
ASTM International
www.astm.org
National Fire Protection Agency
www.nfpa.org
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Fire-Resistant Ceiling and Wall Assemblies
Conclusion of This Program
•
AEC Daily Corporation is a Registered provider with the
AIA Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon
completion of this program will be reported to CES
Records for AIA members.
•
If you desire AIA/CES, CSI and/or state licensing
continuing education credits, please click on the button
below to commence your online examination. Upon
successful (80% or better) completion of the exam,
please print your Certificate of Completion.
•
For additional knowledge and post-seminar assistance,
please visit the Seminar Discussion Forum (click on the
link above and bookmark it in your browser).
•
If you have colleagues that might benefit from this
seminar, please let them know. Feel free to revisit the
AEC Daily web site to download additional programs
from the Online Learning Center.
©2005 BPB America Inc. The material
contained in this course was researched,
assembled, and produced by BPB America
Inc. and remains their property. Questions
or concerns about this course should be
directed to the instructor.
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