This Online Learning Seminar is
available through a professional
courtesy provided by:
Custom Shower Systems
Delta Faucet Company
55 E. 111 Street, P.O. Box 40980
Indianapolis, IN, 46280
Tel: 1 317-848-1812
Toll-Free: 1-800-345-DELTA (3358)
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.deltafaucet.com
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©2005
Slide 1 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Custom Shower Systems
Presented By:
Missi Merritt
Delta Faucet Company
55 E. 111th Street, PO Box 40980
Indianapolis, IN, 46280
Description:
Provides an overview of shower systems, including the
evolution of the modern shower, design and installation
considerations, aesthetics, shower science, and the importance
of water conservation.
AIA/CES Info:
AEC Daily Corporation – Provider No. J624
Course No. AEC053 – LUs: 1.00
MCE Info:
Contact your respective state or governmental licensing and
regulatory agency. This program qualifies for HSW credit.
Expiration date:
May 31, 2006.
©2005 Delta Faucet Company. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and produced by Delta
Faucet Company and remains their property. Questions or concerns about the content of this course should be directed
to the program instructor.
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Custom Shower Systems
How to Use This Online Learning Course
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To view this course, use the Previous and Next buttons at the bottom of each
slide or the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard.
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To exit the course at any time, press the ESC key on your keyboard. This will
minimize the full-screen presentation and allow you to close the program.
•
Within this course is a code word that you will be required to enter in order to
proceed with the online examination. Please be sure to remember or write down
this code word so that you have it available for the test.
•
To receive a certificate indicating course completion, refer to the instructions at
the end of the course.
•
For additional information and post-seminar assistance, click on any of the logos
and icons within a page or any of the links at the top of each page.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or AEC Daily Corporation of any material or
construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions
related to specific materials, methods and services should be directed to the program instructor.
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Slide 3 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Learning Objectives
Upon completing this course, you will have a better understanding of:
•
The evolution of shower systems from prehistoric times to the present.
•
The physical and psychological effects of today’s “shower experience”.
•
The components of a standard shower vs. a custom shower.
•
Design and installation considerations for custom showers.
•
The impact of shower technology, electronics, aesthetics and water conservation
on shower system design.
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Custom Shower Systems
From Waterfalls to Body Sprays
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Custom Shower Systems
From Waterfalls to Body Sprays
Evolution of Showers
The evolution of the shower begins, as expected,
with the waterfalls. The first real advance was seen in
Babylonia, where in 600 B.C., while common people
were bathing and washing clothes on the banks of
canals, the King Nebuchadnezzar bathed in a shower
room.
Slaves poured water over him as he washed with a
soap made of ashes and animal fat. The plumbing
was advanced enough that a drainpipe took away
the wastewater, something modern plumbing didn’t
accomplish until the 1800s.
In Ancient Greece, citizens showered outdoors under
streams of water coming from spouts on the sides of
large fountains built in the city squares.
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Custom Shower Systems
From Waterfalls to Body Sprays
Evolution of Showers, continued...
Bathing hasn’t always been fashionable. Early Christians believed cleanliness was nowhere near
Godliness, that bathing exhibited vanity, and they avoided it to be more holy. Queen Isabella of
Spain, Christopher Columbus’ benefactor, was proud of the fact that she had only taken two
showers in her lifetime.
Showers that didn’t involve the assistance of servants came into use in the late 18th century. These
showers usually featured a hand pump and a small water supply. However, there was no warm
water and it was quite a shock when the cord to the overhead tank that was holding cold water
was pulled. For that reason alone, many people kept from taking baths until piped water became
available.
The 1800s brought freestanding showers with hot and cold water. An improved spray bath was
introduced in 1882 which had a series of controls to manipulate various body sprays.
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Slide 7 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
From Waterfalls to Body Sprays
Today’s Shower Systems
•
Overtime, shower systems have evolved
significantly. Today’s shower systems employ
cutting edge technology to control water
delivery, providing a more luxurious shower
experience.
•
New technology and bath fixtures have turned
showering into a multidimensional experience.
Today’s showers and spa systems are more
versatile than the once exalted tub or whirlpool
bath.
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Slide 8 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Today’s Shower “Experience”
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Custom Shower Systems
Today’s Shower “Experience”
A Multidimensional Experience
Showers have become more than just a way to get
clean. They have increasingly become an experience.
A new shower experience is created by combining
several different elements:
•
the volume of water
•
the direction of spray (from above, the sides and
back)
•
the amount of water force
•
the type of spray patterns
•
the perfect temperature
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Slide 10 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Today’s Shower “Experience”
Time and Frequency of Use
•
The average American takes five or more
showers per week, lasting about eight minutes
per use.
•
Because of time constraints, particularly in the
morning, tub use is down and the use of custom
showers is now more commonplace.
•
With a contemporary jetted shower,
homeowners can get the relaxation they would
have gotten from a whirlpool tub, but in less
time.
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Slide 11 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Today’s Shower “Experience”
Physical and Psychological Escape
Homeowners use showers as an escape, both
physically and psychologically. Today, in new
construction and remodeling, the installation of
shower spa systems, is more popular than tubs or
whirlpool baths.
New shower and spa systems do not contain the old
single-head showers. They often include body sprays,
body jets and multiple showerheads. Many hotels and
resorts use luxury showers with body jets and handheld sprays to provide guests with a special getaway
event.
This new shower “experience” has created a demand
cycle, capturing consumers interest which in turn has
been relayed through builders and remodelers to
design centers and plumbing showrooms.
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Custom Shower Systems
From Standard to Custom
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Custom Shower Systems
From Standard to Custom
Introduction
Historically, there have been two choices of shower
systems, standard or custom. Standard, while still
mainstream, does not offer any luxury to the
showering experience.
The trend is moving toward specifying a shower with
a custom feel, and where possible, using existing or
standard plumbing at a markedly lower cost. The
experience is maximized by adding hand showers,
body sprays, additional showerheads and so on.
Semi-custom and medium flow custom showers offer
consumers a more luxurious showering experience
than a standard, single showerhead. For an even
richer, “wetter” experience, homeowners can utilize
a high-flow custom shower.
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Slide 14 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
From Standard to Custom
The Custom Shower
A custom shower can consist of:
•
a medium or high flow valve
•
a single or multiple showerheads
•
body sprays and body jets
•
individual volume controls for each item
•
a diverter
The plumbing requirements depend on the flow rate
of the entire shower system, but they frequently
require 3/4" piping and an increased size of water
heater.
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Slide 15 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Introduction
Good shower design and installation depends on
several key factors:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Components (temperature and volume controls)
Valves
Water pressure
Hot water capacity
Drainage
General plumbing
Shower pans
Ventilation
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Slide 17 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Components
To limit excessive water consumption, standard
showerhead flow rate is restricted to 2.5 gallons per
minute (gpm). Each added showerhead or
handshower uses 2.5 gpm. Each added body spray
or jet can use up to 2.5 gpm. A complex shower
array could dramatically tax the valve output.
Diverters enable simple shifts between the
showerhead and/or a combination of favorite outlet
selections. Adding spray heads, a handshower or
second showerhead requires a diverter that can
allow water usage by two or three sources at once.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Temperature Control
•
Temperature control technology now equips
shower systems with temperature limit stops to
prevent scalding.
•
Pressure balancing prevents hot or cold water
surges when a dishwasher starts or a toilet
flushes.
•
Some systems offer thermostatic controls to
measure the exact temperature of the water in
order to maintain a specific personalized setting
throughout the shower.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Volume Control
•
Volume controls, or water flow controls, turn
water on and off.
•
From an initial “off” position, the volume
control increases the flow of the water to full
force in the “on” position.
•
Custom showers may be designed with a
separate volume control for each outlet, one for
the showerhead, one for a handshower and one
for the body sprays.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Devices
•
The positioning of the shower devices needs to
be carefully considered in custom shower design.
•
Showerheads are fixed to the ceiling, or to the
wall above shoulder height.
•
The installation height should be considerate of
all bathers in order not be too high for smallstature people, or to force the tall people to
stoop to rinse their hair.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Devices, continued...
•
Handshowers are connected by a hose and are
movable. They can mount to a holder on the
wall and may have two or more adjustable spray
styles.
•
Body sprays are fixed at, or below the shoulder
height, in groups. Their direction and spray
patterns may also be adjustable.
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Slide 22 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Valves – Flow Rate
•
Shower valve flow rates are characterized as:
- Low flow: 4 to 6 gpm
- Medium flow: 6 to 9 gpm
•
Semi-custom systems that utilize low flow valves
are the simplest to install for both new
construction and renovations.
•
The low flow rate valve can allow for up to two
2.5 gpm outlets.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Valves – Flow Rate, continued...
Low flow rate valves, using 4 to 6 gpm, utilize standard 1/2" piping, standard drains, and a
standard water heater.
Medium flow rate valves, using 6 to 9 gpm, can still use a 1/2" water line, and can be installed
using a standard shower drain, although a larger drain is recommended.
Although the capacity of the water heater will be a consideration, supply lines don’t need to be
upgraded, allowing a medium flow system to be easily installed in new construction and
remodeling projects without upgrading the piping.
As always, it is important to consult your professional plumbing consultant or installer for
minimum drain and heater sizes.
Please remember the word FLOW. You will be required to
enter it in order to proceed with the online examination.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Valves – Flow Rate, continued...
•
High flow systems require 3/4" water lines, a
larger drain and a high-capacity water heater.
•
A high flow system is very dependent on the
design of the home or the hospitality facility,
hotel or resort.
•
High flow systems are most feasible for new
construction projects. Their demand for greater
water supply and drainage can be planned in
advance and built in. Remodeling projects
require extensive plumbing work.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Valves – Controlling the Flow
•
A single-function valve will control both
temperature and water volume with one
handle.
•
A dual-function valve will have one handle for
temperature and one handle for water volume.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Valves – Controlling the Flow, continued...
With sufficient water pressure, a 1/2"or 3/4" medium or high-flow valve can simultaneously supply
water to six outlets in the shower (showerhead, personal handshower and up to four body sprays).
When the number of outlets is more than one valve can accommodate, two or more valves must be
used.
When the installation of more than one valve is necessary, it is best to specify a water supply line
of 1/2" or larger based on the valve requirements. Each valve should be plumbed directly from the
main water supply. Thermostatic valves of the same size operate similarly, but are able to be set at
a specific pre-selected temperature.
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Slide 27 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Water Pressure
•
Water pressure is a critical factor to be
considered in the design process and can make
or break a custom shower system.
•
Many system manufacturers recommend 50 psi
for three or more outlets. In case when a water
pressure is below 45 psi, a booster pump needs
to be installed.
•
It is important to know the capacity of the water
source. If the water is supplied from a well or a
water tower, the water pressure will likely be
insufficient and additional measures have to be
considered.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Water Pressure - Maximizing Outlets
Many custom showers have several outlet devices, but only run two or three at a time. When
determining the number of outlets, the total flow rate of all the outlets (showerheads, handshowers
or body sprays) must not exceed the valve’s flow rate at the given water pressure, or performance
will be unsatisfactory.
Exceeding the valve capacity will lower the performance of the system. For example: One 3/4" valve
may supply six outlets at one temperature. However, adding a seventh outlet would decrease
pressure to all outlets.
To ensure satisfactory performance of a shower system, it is important to consider the number of
outlet devices, valve capacity and water pressure.
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Slide 29 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Hot Water Capacity
•
As the size of the custom shower increases, so do
its hot water requirements.
•
It is best if a water heater of sufficient size can
be dedicated to the custom shower.
•
To ensure that a water heater can provide
enough water for a specific custom shower, a
plumbing professional should be consulted.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Hot Water Capacity, continued...
•
An 80-gallon hot water heater should supply hot
water to a four-outlet shower for approximately
eight minutes, assuming the showerheads are
restricted and all are turned on for the entire
eight minutes.
•
For optimum performance, a 100-gallon water
heater should be considered a minimum for a
shower system.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Drainage
Drainage is another key factor which must be
considered in the design and installation of a custom
shower system. A custom shower uses a large
amount of water and adequate drainage must be
provided. Two high-flow valves flow approximately
32 gpm, and will fill a typical bathtub in about 2
minutes.
For high-flow applications, two 2" floor drains or one
3" floor drain are recommended, especially when an
accessible shower pan is installed. A typical septic
tank may not be able to handle the demands of a
custom shower. Also, as mentioned before, a well or
cistern may not be able to provide enough water
pressure to a shower system.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
General Plumbing
The basic rule of thumb to follow is: the simpler the layout, the fewer the problems! Piping that
weaves all over the place, with numerous changes in direction, with numerous branches and
different gradients greatly increase the possibility of blockages, breakdown and a decrease in
pressure.
Careful planning can help to avoid any potential problems. There should be access provided at a
number of points so that blockages can be cleared, should they occur.
Drains in multistory houses are usually stacked vertically one above the other, or they can feed into
a central drain core. Adding a new bathroom above and existing bathroom is always easier than
installing a new bathroom on the other side of the house.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Shower Pans
A larger shower requires a special shower pan
(shower floor). The objective of a shower pan is to
keep water out of the framing and off the flooring.
Ready-made shower pans with protective rims or lips
can be purchased. An alternative to a purchased
ready-made unit is to install curbs underneath the
floor tiles.
The center area must slope to a drain. A sub-floor of
poured mortar or cement backer-board installed with
hot-mopped sealant that partially extends up the side
walls to prevent water from seeping into the framing
and sub-floor framing members.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
Ventilation
•
Custom showers with multiple valves produce
high levels of humidity that can affect the entire
home.
•
A ventilation system capable of exhausting or
neutralizing the humid air is very important.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
New Shower Technology
The next generation of custom showers will benefit
from new technology and the shower experience will
be further enhanced. New technologies will control
water at the molecular level, managing droplet size,
velocity, coverage and temperature without moving
parts.
Some new systems will offer control of size, shape
and velocity of water droplets. Larger water drops
means more coverage and a saturating, drenching
sensation. At high velocity, the user will feel a
relaxing, massaging effect. Dense spray will blanket
the user in warm water, and large droplets will keep
their warmth longer by maintaining a more uniform
temperature.
Electronic touchpads can be incorporated to include
digital temperature settings, jet and spray
adjustments or can be pre-set to turn on the shower
at the same time each day.
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Custom Shower Systems
Design and Installation Considerations
New Shower Technology, continued...
From some manufacturers, molecular technology will
enable users to enjoy a high-flow shower experience,
but with the water conservation advantages of a
medium-flow system.
People would be able to program their individual
settings, for temperature, water pulse and spray
pattern, into the shower system so their favorite
shower setting would be always ready.
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Custom Shower Systems
Shower Aesthetics
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Custom Shower Systems
Shower Aesthetics
A Focal Point
•
The bathrooms are no longer simple, white-tiled
spaces with ambient light and a few pieces of
chrome. Innovative materials and planning have
taken over.
•
The shower is an integral part of the bathroom.
It can be also a luxurious focal point of the
whole space.
•
Even the simplest of today’s custom shower
systems will provide an unique multidimensional
experience.
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Custom Shower Systems
Shower Aesthetics
Enhancements
Possible enhancements of bathrooms and shower
spaces are endless. For example:
•
A skylight above the shower provides
abundance of natural light. Light brightens the
whole room and the mood of the user.
•
Floor and wall tile continuity integrates the
shower into the bath.
•
Glass enclosures open the shower and the entire
bathroom.
•
The shower can also double as a steam room.
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Custom Shower Systems
Shower Aesthetics
Enhancements, continued...
•
Fixed-glass or glass-block sides and glass doors
create a feeling of spaciousness.
•
Use of sealed, ceiling-mounted down lights will
also brighten the room.
•
Sculptured niches add soap and shampoo
storage.
•
An integrated bench offers in-shower seating.
•
Cap it all off with an unique, lighted
showerhead.
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Custom Shower Systems
Water Conservation
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Custom Shower Systems
Water Conservation
A Growing Concern
•
Water conservation is an important issue,
particularly on the west coast and in drought
regions of the country. Nationwide, general
concern grows about water conservation.
•
Manufacturers are addressing the conservation
problem while responding to new trends in style
and in the custom shower experience.
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Custom Shower Systems
Water Conservation
A Growing Concern, continued...
•
Water restrictions normally apply only to
watering lawns, yet people are becoming
more and more concerned about all
types of excessive water usage.
•
Homeowners support water conservation
efforts and the cost of water is increasing
as well.
•
Hospitality owners also want to provide
an ultimate shower experience to their
customers, yet they need to conserve
water and save on costs.
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Slide 44 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Water Conservation
A “Green” Alternative
Together, technology advances and water conservation concerns are driving custom showers
toward providing the desired “shower experience” without the necessity of high equipment
costs, while also limiting the use of water.
Many shower and spa systems use less water while still creating the luxury, high volume
experience. Advances in engineering mean that 1/2" plumbing can be used for medium-flow
shower systems and 3/4" plumbing for high-flow systems.
Medium-flow shower systems offer a smart, “green” alternative. They use less water but the
customers do not have to give up their “shower experience”.
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Custom Shower Systems
Course Summary
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Slide 46 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Course Summary
Evolution of Showers
Since the days when people first began “showering” under waterfalls, shower systems have
evolved significantly. With the advent of freestanding showers with hot and cold water in the
1800s, the need for servants’ assistance was eliminated and the popularity of bathing and
cleanliness increased.
Today’s shower systems provide a luxurious multidimensional experience. Cutting edge technology
is used to control water delivery, including volume, force, temperature, spray patterns and
direction of flow.
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Slide 47 of 51
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Custom Shower Systems
Course Summary
The Shower “Experience”
Today, the shower “experience” serves as a physical and psychological escape. New shower and
spa systems often include body sprays, body jets and multiple showerheads to offer a more
luxurious experience than standard single-head showers.
Shower use is increasing, while tub use is decreasing due to time constraints. As demand
increases for the new shower “experience”, the trend is moving toward custom showers. A
custom shower maximizes this “experience” through any combination of the following: medium
or high flow valves, single or multiple showerheads, body sprays and body jets, individual
volume controls, and diverters.
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Slide 48 of 51
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Custom Shower Systems
Course Summary
Design and Installation
Good shower design and installation depends on several key factors: components (temperature
and volume controls), valves, water pressure, hot water capacity, drainage, general plumbing,
shower pans, and ventilation. Shower design must also take into account aesthetic
considerations. The shower system can be the focal point of the bathroom, and enhancements
like skylights and glass enclosures can enrich the space.
Several special considerations are important when designing and installing custom showers. As
the size of a custom shower increases so do its hot water, drainage and ventilation requirements.
Custom showers may be designed with a separate volume control for each outlet, and diverters
will be necessary to enable water use by two or three sources at once. In general, it is important
to remember that the simpler the piping layout, the fewer problems will arise.
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Slide 49 of 51
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Custom Shower Systems
Course Summary
The Impact of Technology and Conservation
New technology has allowed for advances in shower system design. Today, temperature control
technology can prevent scalding and stop hot and cold surges. In the future, it will be possible to
control water at the molecular level, program individual settings, and conserve more water.
People are becoming more and more concerned about all types of excessive water usage.
Homeowners and hospitality owners want to maintain an ultimate shower “experience” while
conserving water and saving on costs. A “green” alternative that satisfies both issues is a
medium-flow shower system.
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Slide 50 of 51
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Custom Shower Systems
Conclusion of This Program
•
AEC Daily Corporation is a Registered provider with the
AIA Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon
completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES
Records for all AIA members.
•
If you desire AIA/CES, CSI and/or state licensing
continuing education credits, please click on the button
below to commence your online examination. Upon
successful (80% or better) completion of the exam,
please print your Certificate of Completion.
•
For additional knowledge and post-seminar assistance,
please visit the Seminar Discussion Forum (click on the
link above and bookmark it in your browser).
•
If you have colleagues that might benefit from this
seminar, please let them know. Feel free to revisit the
AEC Daily web site to download additional programs
from the Online Learning Center.
©2005 Delta Faucet Company. The
material contained in this course was
researched, assembled, and
produced by Delta Faucet Company
and remains their property.
Questions or concerns about this
course should be directed to the
instructor.
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Slide 51 of 51