This Online Learning Seminar is
available through a professional
courtesy provided by:
The Ever-Expanding Reach of Ergonomics:
From Architecture to Faucet Design
Delta Faucet Company
55 E. 111 Street, P.O. Box 40980
Indianapolis, IN, 46280
Tel: 1 317-848-1812
Toll-Free: 1-800-345-DELTA (3358)
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.deltafaucet.com
START
START
Click on the start button
to begin the course
powered by
©2005
Slide 1 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
The Ever-Expanding Reach of Ergonomics
Presented By:
Missi Merritt, Assistant Channel Manager
Delta Faucet Company
55 E. 111th Street, PO Box 40980
Indianapolis, IN, 46280
Description:
Provides an overview on the principles and applications of
ergonomics, including its influence on work environment,
architecture, sustainability, interior design, and consumer
products, with special focus on the design of faucets.
AIA/CES Info:
AEC Daily Corporation – Provider No. J624
Course No. AEC052 – LUs: 1.00
MCE Info:
Contact your respective state or governmental licensing and
regulatory agency. This program qualifies for HSW credit.
Expiration date:
May 31, 2006.
©2005 Delta Faucet Company. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and produced by Delta
Faucet Company and remains their property. Questions or concerns about the content of this course should be directed
to the program instructor.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 2 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
How to use this Online Learning Course
•
To view this course, use the Back and Next buttons at the bottom of each slide or
the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard.
•
To exit the course at any time, press the ESC key on your keyboard. This will
minimize the full-screen presentation and allow you to close the program.
•
Within this course is a code word that you will be required to enter in order to
proceed with the online examination. Please be sure to remember or write down
this code word so that you have it available for the test.
•
To receive a certificate indicating course completion, refer to the instructions at
the end of the course.
•
For additional information and post-seminar assistance, click on any of the logos
and icons within a page or any of the links at the top of each page.
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or AEC Daily Corporation of any material or
construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions
related to specific materials, methods and services should be directed to the program instructor.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 3 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Learning Objectives
Upon completing this course, you will have a better understanding of:
•
A general overview of ergonomics, including its fundamental principles, and
historical roots of the science of ergonomics.
•
The implications of ergonomics or human-factors engineering in the
manufacturing and marketing of various consumer products.
•
The influence of ergonomics on the design of the environment, particularly the
workplace, universal design, and, in the future, sustainability.
The course will also provide a more in depth look at the effect ergonomics has had on
architectural products, citing enhancements in the design of faucets as an example.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 4 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
The Ever-Expanding Reach of Ergonomics
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 5 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
The Ever-Expanding Reach of Ergonomics
Introduction
•
Ergonomics is a well-defined, rigorous, scientific
discipline with many broad applications.
•
The term "ergonomics" often evokes images of
chairs that improve posture or computer
keyboards that prevent carpal tunnel syndrome.
Generically speaking, ergonomics is associated
with "making something easier and less stressful
to use". However, few people realize the extent
to which its implications impact our lives.
•
It influences many aspects of our everyday life,
including work environment, product design,
and architecture.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 6 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
The Ever-Expanding Reach of Ergonomics
Origins and History
•
The term ergonomics is derived from the Greek
words “ergo”, meaning work, and “nomos”,
meaning rules, or law.
•
Although the concept has been present for some
time, it was not commonly used until after the
Second World War, when interaction levels
between humans and machinery began to
intensify.
•
Ergonomic design was integrated into the
working environment in the late 1980’s, as
petrochemical processing industries began to
utilize and apply its fundamental principles.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 7 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
The Ever-Expanding Reach of Ergonomics
Uniting Elements of Ergonomics
•
Ergonomics relates to satisfying human physical,
psychological and social needs in the design of
projects and products.
•
The chief aim of ergonomics is to incorporate
human abilities, limitations, thinking and data
into the overall design scheme of processes,
tasks, and machinery.
•
While the term Ergonomics is preferred by the
Europeans, the term Human-Factors
Engineering is used more frequently in North
America.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 8 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
The Ever-Expanding Reach of Ergonomics
Uniting Elements of Ergonomics
Ergonomics tries to address three main areas in the design of projects and products:
•
•
•
Human physical needs
Human psychological needs
Human social needs
Human interaction with mechanical processes can be simplified through certain approaches:
•
•
Designing and manipulating work tools to reduce injury and increase efficiency
Adapting designs to accommodate the limitations, physical proportions, and processes of the
human body
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 9 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
History of Ergonomics
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 10 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
History of Ergonomics
The First Applications of Ergonomics
Industrial Systems:
The first applications of ergonomics involved designing industrial systems to meet physical and
psychological needs.
Office Workplace Human-Factors Engineering:
As the concept became more popular, it began to incorporate itself into other areas, including
the office environment. Soon manufacturers aimed to create the correct chair, keyboard and
mouse in order to accommodate the human form, and ease the effects of repetitive motions.
Home and Consumer Products:
More recently, ergonomics has migrated to our
homes in the form of ergonomically-designed
consumer products: pens, paintbrushes, potato
peelers, faucets and other tools and appliances
which aim to moderate labor, conserve energy,
and reduce time.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 11 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
History of Ergonomics
More Recent Trends in Ergonomics
Architecture and "Human-Factors Design":
The interfaces between humans and the forms they inhabit are dependent on the structural
component of buildings, and passive and active environmental control. New approaches to
building design and construction are currently in development, including the concept of
"intelligent buildings". It aims to create an efficient correspondence between the building
shell, the building form, the technologies available, and human resources and needs. An
effectual amalgamation can create an increased sense of human well-being and productivity.
HCSD, or "Human-Centered Sustainable Design":
HCSD is a comprehensive approach to building design which integrates functional
requirements with sustainable design concepts that consider human physical, psychological
and behavioral needs. For example, a home laundry room where the detergent is within easy
reach, and where one is not required to bend over to use the washer and dryer.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 12 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 13 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Ergonomics as a Blend of Many Sciences
•
Ergonomics is a broad-reaching science,
affecting everything that involves human
interaction.
•
It embodies the understanding of how we
function with equipment, products, methods
and circumstances.
•
Professional ergonomists consider many factors
when offering guidance to ensure that products,
services and environments are safe, easy to use,
and efficient.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 14 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Research and Data Encompass
•
Ergonomics encompasses human activity and
relies on research and data or a wide variety of
disciplines.
•
A key element in determining the most efficient
relationship between humans and their
surrounding elements is anthropometry, or the
measurement of the human body to determine
differences in individuals or groups of
individuals.
•
Other factors to consider are engineering,
biomechanics, environmental physics, body
systems, applied psychology and social
psychology.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 15 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Analyzing Human and Environmental Attributes
•
Ergonomists look at human attributes, and the factors which comprise the environmental
conditions affecting those attributes.
•
Human characteristics which are taken into consideration include size, weight, height,
strength, skill, speed, sensory abilities, and intellectual capabilities.
•
The response of humans to their surrounding environment is assessed through examining
propensities in posture, motion, and workload amount.
•
Exterior factors including thermal comfort, sound, vibration, and light are also considered.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 16 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Man vs. Machine Model
•
Ergonomists regard man as an element in a
system; a man-machine model represents that
relationship.
•
An operator working with one machine is
required to find the signal that indicates the
condition or function of the machine and
interpret it, using human abilities, before taking
action.
•
As the task becomes more complicated, the
mental function or information processing that
is mandatory to complete it, heightens in
response.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 17 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Man vs. Machine Model, Continued...
•
Consider a car as a simple machine. The driver
receives information from the exterior
environment to determine traffic: sounds, visual
cues, obstructions, fumes, weather, and traffic
signals.
•
The driver also processes information from
within the vehicle: speed, fuel, temperature, etc.
These clues indicate a course of action,
translated through the driver to the machine’s
controls: the accelerator, steering and brakes
•
Machines which are more complicated in turn
require more elaborate thought processes and
actions for operation.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 18 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Man vs. Machine Model, Continued...
•
Machines are non-sentient, thus are unable to
adapt to human needs.
•
Humans are able to reconcile themselves to
certain degrees but eventually will reach a state
where further adaptation cannot realign the
mismatch between a human and the machine. A
response ensues, typically manifesting itself in
the form of adverse physical symptoms, and/or
emotional stress.
•
The ergonomists, looking for improvements of
the man-machine integration, study the manmachine interface and will try to find a solution
applying scientific methods.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 19 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics Research and Data
Man vs. Machine Model, Continued...
Ergonomists assess a series of checklists. The first entails physical characteristics of the user and
system, task, or machinery, including posture, force, velocity, acceleration, repetition, duration,
recovery time, dynamic exertion, and segmental vibration.
Environmental aspects are also taken into consideration, including heat stress, cold stress, body
vibration, lighting, and noise.
Workplace risks should also be gauged by ergonomists, including job stress, job invariability,
cognitive demands, work organization, workload, working hours, displays and controls, slips and
falls, fire, and electrical, chemical, and biological exposure.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 20 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomic Principles in the Workplace
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 21 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomic Principles in the Workplace
Introduction
•
You now have an idea of the kinds of things
that ergonomists are working with to
understand the human interface with machines
and the environment.
•
It is important to realize that changes may be
made in how the human interfaces, how the
machine can be adapted and how the
environment can be influenced, all to improve
the situation.
•
This can be illustrated through specific
strategies, applied to the workplace design
within the office environment.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 22 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomic Principles in the Workplace
Ergonomics and Office Space
•
As more and more industries rely on technology
and computers, the emphasis on ergonomics in
the workplace increases.
•
An example of an important issue in the
workplace is the use of the computer. The risk of
injury for one who works on a computer four or
more hours a day is nine times greater than it is
for a one-hour-per-day user.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 23 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomic Principles in the Workplace
Ergonomics and Office Space
•
Use of computers increases visual and
musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue
associated with overuse of certain muscles, bad
posture and repeated tasks.
•
To reduce injuries and disorders in the office,
the ergonomic solution is to change the
machines or equipment.
•
The office environment can be altered to fit the
employee’s physical capabilities and limitations,
as well as emotional needs, through taking
specific improvement measures.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 24 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomic Principles in the Workplace
Ergonomics and Office Space
Stress, disorders and injuries can be mitigated
by creating work environments which place
emphasis on the addressing and changing the
following items:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tasks
Tools
Work Spaces
Lighting
Controls
Other equipment
Displays
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 25 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomic Principles in the Workplace
Ergonomics-Based Standard
The American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal
Workstations (ANSI/HFA 100-1988) is an example of a standard that takes ergonomic principles
into consideration. It specifies the following requirements to satisfy the needs of a human body,
among others:
•
•
•
•
Angle between upper arm and forearm 70° to 135°
Angle between torso and thigh 90° to 100°
Angle between upper and lower leg 60° to 100°
Feet flat on the floor
Other details include a range of adjustability of chair heights, work surface heights and knee
room heights and widths.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 26 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Consumer Products
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 27 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Consumer Products
Knowing How to Choose Your Product
As technology advances, human interaction with it needs to become more inviting and less
stressful. Unfortunately, there are no laws in place and no governing bodies to oversee the use of
the "ergonomic" label. At this time, anyone can call any product "ergonomic". Thus, ergonomics,
product functionality and claims should be backed up by research and testing. Consider the
following example:
In the case of the push-button telephone, the layout of the keys in four rows of three buttons
was selected after extensive testing. Other layouts considered were: circular, two vertical rows of
five buttons, two horizontal rows of five and a diagonal pattern. The present arrangement of
numbers and letters, in order from left to right and from top to bottom was chosen as superior.
People made fewer errors with this layout.
Please remember the word FAUCET. You will be required to
enter it in order to proceed with the online examination.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 28 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Consumer Products
Knowing How to Choose Your Product
One should ask certain questions when examining a
product to ensure that it enables optimum usage and
convenience. Some examples of questions to consider
are:
•
Does it fit the user’s characteristics (for example,
fit one’s hand)?
•
Is it easy to use?
•
Is it safe to use?
Products should be striving for universal use and
simplicity and packaging should indicate level of ease
or difficulty of use. The goal is to make each and
every product safer, easier and less stressful to use.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 29 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Consumer Products
"New" Ergonomic Products
The ergonomists examine physical characteristics of
the existing products, and create "new", or improved
products, with improved characteristics. Some of the
examples are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rubber-handled potato peelers.
Oven thermometers with big, easy to read
numbers.
Washers and dryers with angled tubs and larger
doors.
Pens with wide rubber-like grips, that require
less pressure to write.
Paint brushes with handles closer to the brush.
Cordless and fuel-cell construction tools.
The goal, again, is to create products that are safer,
easier and less stressful to use.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 30 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Architecture
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 31 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Architecture
Introduction
•
Architecture is “the art and technique of
building, employed to fulfill the practical and
expressive requirements of civilized people,”
according to Encyclopedia Britannica.
•
The definition continues in “suitability to use by
human beings in general and its adaptability to
particular human activities.”
•
In practice, the focus on individual user’s needs
often competes with other aspects of a building,
such as the site, intended use, aesthetics and
economics. Still, ergonomic data and principles
are useful to architects during the design
process.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 32 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Architecture
Human Interaction with Space
The architectural curriculum does include human
factors in design, which can help establish a sense of
place. There are several other factors influencing
human perception of space that are worth noting,
including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Aesthetics (color and texture)
Form
Scale
Proportion
Function
Daylight
Equipment
Furnishings
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 33 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Architecture
Human Interaction with Space, Continued...
Human-factors design focuses the architect on the
study of human needs, characteristics, capabilities
and expectations. The goal is to design for the user,
rather than forcing the user to accommodate to the
design. The following is a sample checklist of items
worth considering:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sense of ownership
Community
Presence
Comfort
Security
Performance
Privacy
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 34 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 35 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Introduction
•
In the world of faucets, ergonomics has made
great strides in recent years, in both the
residential and commercial environments.
•
Ergonomically-speaking, faucets have come a
long way in a short period of time.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 36 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Spout Design for Residential and Commercial
•
Medium to high-rise spouts (3" or more) reduce
the bending distance to wash face or hands,
resulting in less stress on the back.
•
Spouts that extend further over the lavatory
bowl (5" or more) leaves more clearance for
users.
•
Raising or lowering the countertop (depending
on the user’s height) in conjunction with a highrise spout also helps to reduce stress on the
back.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 37 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Cleanability Checklist
One should ensure that faucets manufactured for
residential use adhere to the following stipulations in
order to mitigate dirt accumulation, thus minimizing
cleaning effort.
•
Yes – Smooth Surfaces: Faucets with smooth
finishes clean easily, and therefore assist in the
psychological and human health aspects of
ergonomics.
•
No – Intricate Designs: Faucets with
sophisticated designs, style lines, and crevices
tend to collect dirt and grime.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 38 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Cleanability Checklist, Continued...
•
Yes – Sloping Design: Sloping faucets allow for
water to run off, preventing water spots and
stains.
•
No – Flat Faucets: Flat faucets tend to collect
water, resulting in water spotting.
•
Yes – White or Brushed Finishes: Water spotting
is less visible.
•
Yes – Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) finish:
Brass or chrome faucets can be coated with an
abrasion-resistant finish that does not corrode or
tarnish. PVD is a state-of-the-art protective finish
which is guaranteed to never tarnish, corrode or
discolor.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 39 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Faucet Safety
•
Many manufacturers offer lavatory and shower
faucets with temperature-control mechanisms
that will prevent scalding. This type of feature
addresses the aspect of ergonomics on injury
reduction and overall human health.
•
An adjustable high-temperature limit-stop on
the faucet can prevent presence of scalding
temperatures.
•
Pressure-balance technology will keep water
temperature consistent while a washing
machine is working or a toilet is flushed. This
benefit is especially important when young
children and elderly people are present in home.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 40 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Single-Handle Faucets for Residential Use
•
Easy to Operate: In faucets, single-handle
designs tend to be the easiest to use. They can
be turned on and off without gripping the
handle.
•
Quick Correct Temperature: They have been
adjusted to reach the correct temperature at a
greater speed than two-handle faucets.
•
Require No Grip: Lever or ring style handles are
ideal if fingers are stiff or if the user is arthritic.
Lever handles are also easier to control than
two-handle faucets because they are designed
to fit the hand comfortably.
•
ADA-Compliant: Most single or two-handle lever
faucets manufactured today are compliant with
the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 41 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Pull-Out Spray Faucets for Residential Use
•
Easy Washing and Filling: Pull-out sprayers are suitable for washing dishes and facilitate
filling a large or tall cooking pot, particularly if the pot is taller than the faucet spout. Hoses
that extend at least 25" enable optimum facility. A sprayer with a long hose offers more
versatility and less stress on the user, as there is no need to lift heavy pots full of water from
a deep sink.
•
Accommodate Physical Limitations: The wand fits easily in the hand, and buttons on the side
of the wand allow the user to toggle from stream to spray more comfortably. Pull-out
sprayers are ideal for elderly or disabled; they offer minimum discomfort for people who
suffer from joint ailments (including carpel tunnel syndrome) and minimize the need for
repetitive motions.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 42 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Electronic Faucets:
Residential and Commercial Use
• Electronic faucets, hand driers and toilets have
become the norm within public facilities, because
they are easy to use, can control usage and
improve hygiene.
• Medical facilities have used hands-free faucets
for many years. Recent advances have also made
electronic faucets more customizable and userfriendly.
• Lever-operated, push-type and electronic faucets
meet the requirements of the American
Disabilities Act's Accessibility Guidelines for
Buildings and Public Facilities.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 43 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Ergonomics and Faucets
Electronic Faucets:
Residential Kitchen and Bath Use
•
Electronic faucets are becoming more prevalent
in residential applications, in both kitchens and
baths. They are suitable for children who are
unable to turn faucets on and off, or forget to
turn them off. This reduces the physiological
stress on a parent who worries about their
children turning off the faucets.
•
In addition, cooks who wish to fill a pot while
holding it with both hands, or wish to wash
their hands that may be covered with food are
now able to do so. Electronic faucets help
improve the efficiency of these operations.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 44 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Course Summary
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 45 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Course Summary
The Principles of Ergonomics
Ergonomics is a well defined scientific discipline
which encompasses many sciences and applies to
work environment, product design, and architecture.
It gained popularity after the Second World War and
began influencing work places in the late 1980’s,
within industrial environments, before spreading to
other areas including office environments, consumer
products, architecture, and residences.
It aims to integrate human physical abilities, thinking,
and psychological and social needs into the design
scheme of processes, tasks, and machinery and create
a user-free environment, through adapting the
design of tools to accommodate the limitations of
the human body.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 46 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Course Summary
Ergonomics Research
Ergonomics attempt to create efficient relationships
between humans and their surrounding environments
through anthropometry, engineering, biomechanics,
environmental physics, body systems, applied psychology,
and social psychology.
Human elements influencing product and process design
include size, weight, height, strength, skill, speed, sensory
abilities, and intellectual capabilities, while environmental
characteristics including sound, vibration, and light are also
taken into account.
The ergonomists use a man-machine interface model to
establish a compromise between the limitations of both
machines and humans, and refer to physical characteristics
of the user and system, task, or machinery, and influencing
environmental characteristics (including workplace risks).
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 47 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Course Summary
Ergonomic Principles in the Workplace and Architecture
Ergonomics can be applied to the workplace in order to
minimize potential hazards, including those caused by long term
computer usage. Work environments can be made more worker
friendly through adjusting tasks, tools, lighting, controls,
displays, and equipment. In addition, the American National
Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display
Terminal Workstations has set strict parameters limiting
measurements, including chair heights, work surface heights,
and knee room heights and widths.
The human factor is influencing architecture through the
attempts of architects and designers to make structures more
inhabitant friendly. Aesthetics, form, scale, proportion,
function, daylight, equipment, furnishings, sense of ownership,
community, presence, comfort, security, performance, and
privacy are all stressed on in order to lessen the adaptation
process between humans and the buildings they inhabit.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 48 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Course Summary
Ergonomic Principles Applied to Faucet Design
Manufacturers are continually developing products to become more user friendly. The human
factor is improved through heightening safety levels, reducing the labor factor, and striving for
universal use and simplicity.
Faucets have changed over the years to become more user friendly. Present-day options
include those with dimensions and shapes which accommodate the form of human hands,
finishes that facilitate cleaning, and temperature-control mechanisms to prevent scalding.
With the development of pull-out sprayers, electronic faucets, and single-hand designs, faucets
for residential and commercial use have provided fixtures which are hygienic, child friendly,
and less taxing for the elderly and physically disabled.
Back
©2005
Next
Slide 49 of 50
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Ergonomics: From Architecture to Faucet Design
Conclusion of This Program
•
AEC Daily Corporation is a Registered provider with the
AIA Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon
completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES
Records for all AIA members.
•
If you desire AIA/CES, CSI and/or state licensing
continuing education credits, please click on the button
below to commence your online examination. Upon
successful (80% or better) completion of the exam,
please print your Certificate of Completion.
•
For additional knowledge and post-seminar assistance,
please visit the Seminar Discussion Forum (click on the
link above and bookmark it in your browser).
•
If you have colleagues that might benefit from this
seminar, please let them know. Feel free to revisit the
AEC Daily web site to download additional programs
from the Online Learning Center.
©2005 Delta Faucet Company. The
material contained in this course was
researched, assembled, and
produced by Delta Faucet Company
and remains their property.
Questions or concerns about this
course should be directed to the
instructor.
Click Here To Take The Test
powered by
Back
©2005
End
Slide 50 of 50