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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
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5301 West Cypress Street
Suite 300
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33607
USA
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© 2004 BPB America Inc. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and
produced by BPB America Inc. and remains their property. Questions or concerns about the content of
this course should be directed to the program instructor.
©2004
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• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Presented By:
Douglas C. Gehring, P.E.
BPB America Inc.
5301 West Cypress St, Ste 300
Tampa, FL 33607
Description:
Provides an overview of the aesthetic, acoustic, and
budgetary issues related to acoustical ceiling and wall
systems, including a discussion of acoustical materials,
manufacturing methods, and applicable ASTM Standards.
AIA/CES Info:
Provider No. J624 – Course No. AEC005; LUs – 1.00
MCE Info:
Contact your respective governmental licensing and
regulatory agency. This program qualifies for HSW credit.
Expiration date:
February 28, 2006
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional registration. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or AEC Daily Corporation of any material or construction or any method or
manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and
services should be directed to the program instructor.
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
How to use this Online Learning Course
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Read and review the material contained in this seminar.
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Each slide may contain additional Instructor comments. To view these comments,
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Learning Objectives
After completion of this seminar, participants will be able to:
•Analyze and identify the appropriate ceiling and wall
solutions for various applications.
• Understand the relationships of the acoustical products to
the interior environment.
• Realize how different materials and manufacturing
methods affect aesthetics, acoustics, and budgets.
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Slide 4 of 40
• About the Sponsor
• About the Instructor
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Program Introduction
Program Theme
•
Fundamentals
– Overview of acoustical ceiling & wall materials and systems
Program Focus
• Relationships of Aesthetics, Acoustics, and Budgets and how they
affect the interior environment.
– Program Reference:
• ASTM E 1264 Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products.
Download a copy of ASTM E1264
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• About the Sponsor
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Role of ASTM
•
ASTM International
(American Society for Testing and Materials)
•
ASTM is a non-profit, international, technical society that publishes
standards for:
–
–
–
–
–
definitions
classifications
test methods
recommended installation practices
specifications for materials
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• About the Sponsor
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Why use ASTM Standards?
•
Reduce your liability
•
Manage your risk
•
Control your design
•
Better manage your project
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Slide 7 of 40
ASTM E 1264
Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products
Type-Form-Pattern-NRC-AC-CAC-LR-Fire Class
Type: Product’s core composition
– Mineral fiber
– Glass fiber
– Gypsum
– others
Form: Subcategory of “Type” usually referring to
manufacturing method for mineral fiber types.
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
The Meridian Hotel
Lake Geneva, WI
Architect: DvB Interiors, Brookfield, WI
• About the Sponsor
• About the Instructor
Pattern: Product’s surface description (visual
characteristics) assigned a letter – A thru Z
– Pattern D = Fissured
– Pattern G = Smooth
– others
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©2004
Sea Ranch Condominiums
Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Architect: Paula Greenberg Design,
Ft. Lauderdale, FL
– Form 1= Nodular
– Form 2 = Water felted
– Form 4 = Cast or molded.
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Slide 8 of 40
• About the Sponsor
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ASTM E 1264
Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Type-Form-Pattern-NRC-AC-CAC-LR-Fire Class
Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC): Ability of an
acoustical material to absorb sound; Test Method
ASTM C 423.
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Slide 9 of 40
• About the Sponsor
• About the Instructor
ASTM E 1264
Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Type-Form-Pattern-NRC-AC-CAC-LR-Fire Class
Articulation Class (AC): Rating of acoustical materials for
speech privacy in open-plan areas; Test Method ASTM E
1111/E 1110.
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Slide 10 of 40
• About the Sponsor
• About the Instructor
ASTM E 1264
Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Type-Form-Pattern-NRC-AC-CAC-LR-Fire Class
Ceiling Attenuation Class (CAC): Difference in
noise level between two adjacent rooms sharing a
common plenum. Test Method ASTM E 1414/E
413.
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Slide 11 of 40
• About the Sponsor
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ASTM E 1264
Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Type-Form-Pattern-NRC-AC-CAC-LR-Fire Class
Light Reflectance (LR): Measurement of the luminous reflectance factor
of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination;
LR refers to a number designation that indicates the percentage of light
reflected from a ceiling product’s surface. Test Method ASTM E 1477
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Slide 12 of 40
• About the Sponsor
• About the Instructor
ASTM E 1264
Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Type-Form-Pattern-NRC-AC-CAC-LR-Fire Class
Fire Class refers to the surface burning
characteristics of the acoustical material,
as a result, a flame spread index and
smoke developed index are assigned to
the product. Test method ASTM E 84 (UL
723, NFPA 255, CAN/ULC - S102M)
Class
Flame
Spread
Smoke
Developed
A
0-25
0-50
B
26-75
0-450
C
76-200
0-450
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Slide 13 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Related Topic
System Fire Performance
“Fire Resistance” or “Time - Rated” are used to describe
specific floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling construction assemblies.
An hourly rating is determined by the ability of the assembly
to withstand thermal transmission failure or collapse. Test
Method ASTM E 119 (ANSI/UL 263, NFPA 251, CAN/ULC S101M) is used to develop respective ratings.
Floor-ceiling and roof-ceiling assemblies are rated based on
the time the assembly maintains its structural integrity while
exposed to severe fire simulation temperature.
The purpose of the ratings is to provide a relative indication
of the time that an assembly will contain a fire to the room
of origin. The higher the numerical rating (one, two or three
hour(s)), the longer the assemblies comparative endurance.
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Other Issues to be addressed when selecting a Product
Budget
Product cost is frequently one of the biggest
determining factors in product selection
Environmental
Recycling / Sustainability
Indoor Air Quality
Energy Conservation
Maintenance
Providing the appropriate product for a definite solution
or with a specific characteristic to achieve desired
performance will minimize the required maintenance.
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Slide 15 of 40
• About the Sponsor
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Product Selection - Budget Issues
There is a seemingly infinite variety of materials in the industry from
which to choose ceiling solutions. Most of the time, budgetary
consideration is a big consideration in the selection process
$
$$
$$$
$$$$
Under $1.50
$1.50 - $2.50
$2.51 - $3.50
Over $3.50
Approximate installed costs per sq. ft.
Based on standard installation conditions
and typical ceiling heights.
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Slide 16 of 40
• About the Sponsor
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Product Selection - Environmental - Recycled Content
Federal Trade Commission guidelines define
recycled content as material recovered or
diverted from the solid waste stream, either
during the manufacturing process (postindustrial) or after consumer use (post
consumer).
Recovering and/or diverting materials from
the solid waste stream is an important goal
of many professionals in the community.
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Slide 17 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Product Selection - Environmental - Recycled Content
Recycled materials used in manufacturing ceiling products:
•
•
•
•
Newsprint
Mineral Wool
Glass Fiber
Gypsum
Recycling of ceiling products
Many products can be recycled cost effectively after useful
life as ceiling or wall products
In-plant scrap materials from ceiling manufacturing operations
can be fed back into the beginning of the production process,
diverting material from landfills and making more efficient use of
all materials.
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Slide 18 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Product Selection - Environmental - Sustainable Design
Removable and re-installable ceiling types provide
(comparatively) exceptional contributions to sustainable design
initiatives in the following ways:
– Installation, removal, and re-installation are routinely nondestructive
– Provide design flexibility for future space re-utilization
• Tenant changes or re-use plans
– Product durability
• More sustainable products are especially durable and damageresistant, and will withstand cleaning and maintenance which in
turn extends ceiling finish life which minimizes the need for
frequent replacement and disposal
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Product Selection – Environmental - Indoor Air Quality
Consideration should be given to
products that . . .
•
contribute to safe, healthy indoor environment
•
do not release significant pollutants into
buildings
•
block the introduction, development, or spread
of indoor contaminants
•
improve light quality
Outback Steakhouse (office interior)
Tampa, FL
Architect: Little and Associates Architects Inc.,
Charlotte, NC
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Product Selection - Environmental - Energy Conservation
•
High light reflectance
•
Modular designs facilitate installation of energy
efficient lighting systems
•
Compatible with daylight
Energy conservation is yet another lighting related design consideration. The end result is a
system that achieves the dual goals of energy
management and indoor environmental quality.
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Slide 21 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Maintenance
While discussed in the context of sustainable design,
the very attributes just reviewed, also have a direct
impact on material selection decisions, as specifically
related to building maintenance.
•
Cleanability
•
Durability
•
Plenum access
•
Sag resistance
•
Mold & mildew resistance
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Slide 22 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Ceiling Board - Modular Sizes
Building and design applications can call for various sizes of
ceiling tile or panels. Earlier, “modular sizes” were mentioned
as they complement leading lighting system designs. Shown
are typical sizes that are widely available throughout the
construction industry.
24x24”
12x12”
24x48”
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30x30”
24x60”
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Slide 23 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Form
Name
Pattern
Budget
NRC
CAC
1
Nodular
CEK
$$$$$$
.50-.70
30-40
2
Water
Felted
CDEK
$-$$
.40-.60
25-44
4
shown
Cast or
Molded
DEFK
$-$$$
.55-.65
20-39
Ty
pe
II
I,
Fo
rm
1
Mineral Base with Painted Finish - Type III
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Mineral Base with Membrane faced Overlay – Type IV
Form
Name
Pattern
Budget
NRC
CAC
1
Nodular
EI
$$$$$$
.55-.75
25-39
2
Water
Felted
EI
$-$$
.55-.75
25-39
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Slide 25 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Perforated Steel, Stainless Steel,
Aluminum Facing (pan) with
Mineral or Glass Fiber Base Backing
- Types V - VII
Pattern Budget
ABC
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©2004
$$$$
NRC
CAC
.55-1.00
N/A
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Slide 26 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Mineral Base with Scrubbable,
Pigmented or Clear Finish - Type IX
Form
Name
Pattern
Budget
NRC
CAC
2
Water
Felted
CDEFK
$-$$
.10-.75
25-44
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Slide 27 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Mineral Base with Plastic or Aluminum
Membrane-faced Overlay, or Both –
Type X
Pattern Budget
CEGI
$$-$$$
NRC
CAC
.10-.75
35-44
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Slide 28 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Mineral Base with Fabric-faced Overlay - Type XI
Form
Name
Pattern
Budget
NRC
CAC
2
Water
Felted
E
$$
.55-.75
35-44
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Slide 29 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Type XII - Glass Fiber Base with
Membrane-faced Overlay
Form
Name
Pattern
Budget
NRC
AC
CAC
1
Plastic
CEG
$-$$
.801.00
180210
20-25
2
Shown
Cloth
CEG
$$-$$$$
.801.00
180210
20-25
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Aluminum or Steel Strip with
Mineral or Glass Fiber Base Backing
Type XIII
Form
Name
Pattern
Budget
NRC
CAC
1
Perforated
CG
$$$$
0.000.95
NA
2
Nonperforated
G
$$$$
.40-.60
NA
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Typical Acoustical Ceiling Types
Excelsior Bonded with Inorganic Binders – Type XIV
Form
Name
Pattern
Budget
NRC
CAC
1
No
Backing
L
$$$$$$
.351.00
NA
2
Backed
with
mineral
or glass
fiber
base
backing
L
$$$$$$
.351.00
NA
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Other Types – Type XX
Core
Pattern
Budget
NRC
CAC
Gypsum
AEG
$$-$$$
.10-.65
35-49
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Slide 33 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Ceiling Suspension Systems
Simply known as “grid” these systems have a
number of related ASTM Standards
ASTM C 635 Standard Specification for the
Manufacture, Performance and Testing of Metal
Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile and Lay-in Panel
Ceilings
ASTM C 636 Standard Practice for Installation of Metal
Ceiling Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile and LayIn Panels
ASTM E 580 Standard Practice for Application of
Ceiling Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile and Layin Panels in Areas Requiring Seismic Restraint
To Purchase a copy of ASTM C 635 ASTM C 636 ASTM E 580 click here
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
ASTM C 635 – Manufacture and Performance of the Grid
ASTM C 635 defines minimum load-carrying capabilities of main runner
suspension components.
• Light Duty systems are used where ceiling loads other than acoustical
tile or lay-in panels, are not anticipated, such as in residential and light
commercial structures. 5.0 lb/linear ft. load capacity
• Intermediate Duty systems are used where ceiling loads other than
acoustical tile or lay-in panels, such as light fixtures, air diffusers, etc.,
are anticipated. Many commercial structures would fit within this scope.
12.0 lb/linear ft. load capacity.
• Heavy Duty systems are required where the quantities and weights of
ceiling fixtures are greater than those of an ordinary commercial
structure. They are required in International Building Code Seismic
Design Categories D, E or F applications. 16.0 lb/linear ft. load
capacity.
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Slide 35 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Suspension Systems - General Information
Exposed face standard sizes: 15/16” and 9/16”
9/16 face
Main runners are
typically 12’ long mains
and use bayonet-type
locking
15/16 face
Hook Locking
Cross tees are
typically 2’ and 4’
and use either stab
or hook locking
methods.
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Stab Locking
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Slide 36 of 40
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Acoustical Wall Systems - ASTM Standards
These two ASTM Standards are primary references for
acoustical wall panel requirements
ASTM C 423 - Sound Absorption by the Reverberation Room –
NRC This establishes parameters for the testing and
measurement of a wall panel material’s ability to absorb sound.
The NRC is determined by using the same test method as for
ceiling products. The panels are placed in the reverberation
room, using a mounting technique simulating actual installation.
ASTM E 84 - Surface Burning Characteristics Fire Class Flame
Spread/Smoke Developed. This test establishes ratings for a
material’s surface-burning characteristics, namely “flame spread
index” and “smoke developed index.” The method for the wall
panels is the same as explained for ceiling products.
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Slide 37 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Wall Panels - General Information
Material composition – typically medium to high
density fiberglass ¾” – 4” thick
Panel sizes – wide variety of standard and custom
sizes are available
NRC – Wide range of performance available
Abuse resistance – Impact layers and other materials
can be added to increase performance
Tackability – material can be bonded just below the
finish facing to allow these assemblies to be used for
bulletin board type purposes.
Wide assortment of finishes and fabrics are available
Panel edges can be finished in various profiles and
wrapped or exposed
Panels can be mounted to meet specific requirements
such as removability or retrofit applications.
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Slide 38 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
Review
•
Analyze and identify the appropriate ceiling and wall solutions for various applications.
•
Understand the relationships of the acoustical products to the interior environment.
•
Realize how different materials and manufacturing methods affect aesthetics, acoustics,
and budgets.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acoustical tests
Fire tests
Light reflectance
Budget
Environmental
Sustainable design
Maintenance
Modular sizes
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Slide 39 of 40
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Acoustical Ceiling and Wall Systems
CONCLUSION OF THIS MODULE
•
If you desire CSI and/or state licensing continuing
education credits, please click on the button below to
commence your online examination. Upon successful
(80% or better) completion of the exam, please print the
certificate indicating your completion of the course.
•
For additional knowledge and post-seminar assistance,
please avail yourself to the Seminar Discussion Forum
(click on link above and bookmark in your browser).
•
If you have a colleague that might benefit from this
seminar, please let them know.
•
Last, revisit AEC Daily and download additional
seminars available at the Online Learning Center.
©2004 BPB America. The
material contained in this
course was researched,
assembled, and produced
by BPB America and
remains their property.
Questions or concerns
about this course should be
directed to the instructor.
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