This Online Learning Seminar is
available through a professional
courtesy provided by:
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing
Systems for Sustainable Buildings
Duro-Last Roofing, Inc.
525 Morley Drive
Saginaw, MI 48601
Toll-Free: 800-248-0280
Fax: 800-432-9331
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.duro-last.com
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©2005 Duro-Last Roofing, Inc. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled,
and produced by Duro-Last Roofing, Inc. and remains their property. Questions or concerns about
the content of this course should be directed to the program instructor.
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Slide 1 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems for Sustainable Buildings
Presented By:
Drew Ballensky
Duro-Last Roofing, Inc.
525 Morley Drive
Saginaw, MI 48601
Description:
Provides an overview of cool thermoplastic roofing systems,
including a discussion of types of single-ply membranes,
solar interactions, urban heat islands, potential energy
savings, LEED certification, and key selection criteria.
AIA/CES Info:
Provider No. J624 – Course No. AEC043; LUs – 1.00
MCE Info:
Contact your respective governmental licensing and
regulatory agency. This program qualifies for HSW credit.
Expiration date:
March 31, 2006
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional registration. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed
or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or AEC Daily Corporation of any material or construction or any method or
manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and
services should be directed to the program instructor.
Continue
©2005
Slide 2 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
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Slide 3 of 66
• About the Instructor
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Learning Objectives
Upon completing this course, you will have a better understanding of:
•
Types of thermoset, thermoplastic, and modified bitumen single-ply membranes
•
Characteristics and financial and environmental benefits of cool roofing systems
•
How roofing systems affect solar interactions, including reflectivity and emissivity
•
The effects of urban heat islands and their relationship to energy use and smog
•
ENERGY STAR qualified roof products and their contribution to LEED certification
•
Key selection criteria to consider when specifying a single-ply roofing systems
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©2005
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Slide 4 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
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©2005
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Slide 5 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Introduction
•
Since their introduction in the early
1970s, single-ply roofing systems
have grown in popularity and now
account for 60% of the market.
•
Membrane types include thermosets
(EPDM), thermoplastics (PVC, TPO),
and modified bitumen (SBS, APP).
•
Depending on membrane type,
roofing systems can be ballasted,
partially-adhered, fully-adhered,
or mechanically fastened.
Previous
©2005
Super Foods Warehouse, Bridgeport, MI
Next
Slide 6 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Modern History of Roofing
•
Built-Up Roofing: The most traditional roofing system is a Built-Up Roof (BUR),
which essentially consists of several plies of roofing felt laminated together with
bitumen. BURs worked well with traditional construction, where expansion and
contraction of materials and thermal shock were not a primary issues. Because
there was little concern for insulation and heat loss, and air conditioning use
was minimal, BUR offered a cost-effective option for traditional construction.
•
Single-Ply Roofing: Single-ply roofing membranes were first introduced in the
early 1970s in response to the demand for a solution to expansion and thermal
shock issues. Although the trend toward single-ply roofing was hampered by
early membrane failures, today's membranes are durable and reliable. Single-ply
membranes are ideal for roof designs that incorporate a lighter structure and
more insulation. Reflective single-ply membranes are ideal for reducing energy
usage and minimizing the effects of urban heat islands.
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©2005
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Slide 7 of 66
• About the Instructor
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Membranes
•
Today's single-ply membranes are
more stable and durable than their
earlier counterparts, offering proven
performance for the past 25 years.
•
In fact, single-ply membranes have
gained significant market share,
accounting for over 60% of all roofs.
•
The use of high-quality plasticizers
and stabilizers helps prevent the
migration and brittleness associated
with earlier single-ply membranes.
Previous
©2005
McKinley National Memorial, Niles, OH
Next
Slide 8 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Membrane Types
•
Thermosets: Thermosets are vulcanized membranes that consist of cross-linked
molecules that make the polymers elastic. However, once the material is "set"
it is difficult to bond to and cannot be softened by heat. As a result, thermoset
membranes cannot be heat-welded and require adhesives for seaming.
•
Thermoplastics: In contrast to thermoset membranes, thermoplastics do not
consist of cross-linked molecules. As a result, thermoplastics flow when heated
and can be heat- or solvent-welded. Ingredients used in compounding include
PVC resins, plasticizers, stabilizers, pigments, and fillers.
•
Modified Bitumen: Modified-bitumen membranes are asphalt-based and can be
blended with Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) or Atactic Polypropylene (APP) to
create a hybrid single-ply- BUR membrane.
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©2005
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Slide 9 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Membrane Types Cont'd…
Single-Ply Membranes
Thermoset
"Elastomeric"
EPDM
CSPE
(Hypalon)
Neoprene
Thermoplastic
"Plastomeric"
PVC, CPA,
EIP, NBP,
CPE, PIB,
TPO
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©2005
Modified
Bitumen
APP
(Torch)
SBS
(Hot Mop)
(Adhesives)
(Heat Weld)
Next
Slide 10 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Membranes
•
Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO): TPO membranes are relatively new to the
market, having only been in use for about 10 years in the United States. TPO
membranes combine the flexibility and weather resistance of EPDM with the
heat-weldability and chemical resistance of PVC. TPO membranes are covered
by the recently approved standard ASTM D 6878-03 "Standard Specification for
Thermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing."
•
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): PVC-based single-ply membranes were introduced to
the United States in the late 1970s and early 1980s and have a proven 30 year
track record of performance. PVC-based membranes are fire, oil, and chemical
resistant, offering excellent weathering and seaming. Moreover, PVC-based
membranes can be prefabricated to suit specific project needs. PVC membranes
are covered by standard ASTM D 4434-04 "Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) Sheet Roofing".
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©2005
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Slide 11 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
TPO Membrane Characteristics
•
TPO membranes provide excellent chemical and vapor resistance and are also
highly resistant to microbial attack. However, exposure to oil, grease, or wax can
cause problems for TPO membranes. In terms of aesthetics, significant movement
(contraction and expansion) of the membrane may result in wrinkles.
•
Because TPO membranes lose heat quickly, the welding window is smaller and
seaming is very sensitive to job site conditions. In some cases, installers will
perform several seam tests and then retest after the first heat/cool cycle.
•
The fire performance of TPO membranes is questionable. Research has shown
that fire retardants, such as bromine, attack the UV stabilizers in the membrane
and negatively impact weathering characteristics. In fact, the Midwest Roofing
Contractors Association (MRCA) found that installed TPO membranes failed the
Class A flame spread test (2.5 minutes versus 10 minute standard).
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©2005
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Slide 12 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
PVC Membrane Characteristics
•
In contrast to TPO, PVC membranes provide excellent fire resistance and are
highly resistant to chemicals, oils, and grease, making them ideal for restaurants,
laboratories, hospitals, and other industrial applications. PVC membranes also
lend themselves to prefabrication and offer greater control over job site seaming.
•
PVC membranes utilize highly effective stabilizers and plasticizers to reduce the
effects of heat and ultraviolet radiation. However, some membranes have shown
plasticizer loss over time and non-reinforced membranes can become unstable.
•
PVC membranes are good for sustainable design. Many manufacturers offer
light-colored PVC membranes that qualify for the ENERGY STAR Reflective Roof
Products Program, and also contribute to the reduction of waste by recycling
membrane scraps and using them in the manufacturing of other products. PVC
production also consumes less hydrocarbons than most other plastics.
Previous
©2005
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Slide 13 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Application Methods
Single-Ply Application Methods
Ballasted
(Thermoset)
(Thermoplastic)
Gravel
Pavers
Fully-Adhered
(Thermoset)
(Thermoplastic)
(Mod. Bit.)
Adhesive-Added
Thermoset
Thermoplastic
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©2005
Partially-Adhered
(Thermoset)
(Thermoplastic)
(Mod. Bit.)
Self-Adhered
Mod. Bit.
NonPenetrating
MechanicallyFastened
(Thermoset)
(Thermoplastic)
Screws
and Plates
Batten
Strip
Next
Slide 14 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Application Methods Cont'd…
•
Ballasted Systems: Ballasted systems are quick to install, however weight can be
an issue. Repairs are also problematic because leaks can be difficult to find and
may require ballast removal. Building codes in some geographic areas prohibit
ballasted systems due to high winds.
•
Fully-Adhered Systems: Fully-adhered systems are aesthetically pleasing, however
building expansion can be problematic. Code approvals are typically not an issue.
•
Partially-Adhered Systems: Partially-adhered systems are a hybrid of fully- and
mechanically-adhered systems. The exposed membrane makes repairs easier.
•
Mechanically-Fastened Systems: Mechanically-fastened systems are less sensitive
to site conditions than other methods. Code approvals are typically not an issue.
Previous
©2005
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Slide 15 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Causes of Roofing Failure
•
•
•
As shown in this graph, the most
common causes of roofing system
failure are poor workmanship (47%)
and poor system design (16%).
Seaming is a critical component of
any roofing system, however it is
also frequently the weakest link.
In addition to poor field seaming,
other installation errors are often
found at transition points, such as
parapet walls, curbs, and vents.
47%
Poor Workmanship
8%
Other
16%
Poor
Design
3%
Roof
8%
Traffic Trapped
Moisture
9%
Faulty
Material
9%
Age and
Weathering
Source: National Roofing Contractors Association
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©2005
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Slide 16 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
Points to Consider
•
Roof Construction: Does the project involve new construction or renovation of
an existing roof? Will the structure be able to support additional weight or is a
lighter roofing system required? What are the insulation requirements of the
project? Are energy savings a primary consideration?
•
Roof Costs: What are the initial installation and life cycle costs? What kind of
reliability or warranty protection does the roof system offer? Remember, the
cheapest roofing system is rarely the least expensive.
•
Roof Condition: If the project is a renovation of an existing roofing system,
what is the condition of the existing roofing materials? Will the existing roof
deck provide adequate pull strength for fasteners? Is the contact surface
adequate or appropriate for a fully-adhered roofing system?
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©2005
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Slide 17 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Single-Ply Roofing Systems
More Points to Consider
•
Roof Location: Will the roofing system be exposed to extreme sun, high winds,
or other weather conditions? Are there any local building codes that will affect
the type of roofing system that may be used?
•
Roof Aesthetics: Are the aesthetics of the roof a primary concern? Will wrinkling
of the membrane be an issue? Will the roof be visible from other locations in the
building or from surrounding buildings?
•
Roof Installation: Will the seaming of the roofing system require many critical
steps? Will the seaming be very sensitive to environmental conditions, such as
temperature and moisture? Will the roofing system require many field seams?
Will the application method result in fumes that inconvenience or are hazardous
to building occupants?
Previous
©2005
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Slide 18 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Previous
©2005
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Slide 19 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Introduction
•
Many thermoplastic roofing systems
are very effective for cool roofing
and sustainable design applications
where energy savings are important.
•
Cool roofing system components can
help transform a building into an
efficient, high-performance facility
•
By helping to reduce energy use, cool
roofing systems also help to minimize
negative impacts on the environment
and building occupants.
Previous
©2005
Data Stream Office Building, Greenville, SC
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Slide 20 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Roofing Systems
•
Cool roofing systems can usually be
classified into one of two separate
categories: reflective systems or
insulated systems.
•
Reflective systems incorporate highly
reflective membranes that reflect
solar energy into the atmosphere.
•
Insulated systems incorporate higher
levels of insulation in order to reduce
the transmission of heat into the
interior of a building.
Previous
©2005
Court Place Apartments, Pekin, IL
Next
Slide 21 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Product Advantages
•
Financial Savings: Cool thermoplastic roofing systems can significantly reduce
cooling costs, and can be less expensive to install and maintain than conventional
roofing systems when life cycle costs are taken into account. Many government
agencies also offer incentives for the use of cool roofing systems.
•
Energy Savings: By reflecting large amounts of solar energy and reducing interior
heat gain, cool thermoplastic roofing systems can help to significantly reduce
cooling demands and, as a result, overall energy use.
•
Environmental Benefits: Because cool thermoplastic systems help to reduce
energy and cooling demands, they also help reduce pollution from power plants
and VOC emissions. Because reflective membranes reflect more solar energy than
they absorb, their contribution to urban heat island effects is also minimized.
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©2005
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Slide 22 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Heating Penalty
Any heating penalty associated with a cool thermoplastic roofing system is greatly
outweighed by its potential cooling benefits and energy savings for several reasons:
•
Stack Effect: Hot air is lighter and pushes upward on the roof to exit the building.
•
Fan Effect: Positive HVAC system pressure helps to reduce infiltration of dirty air.
•
Wind Effect: Creates net positive pressure at the opposite side and through roof.
•
Low Sun Angle: Low sun angle in winter allows for little solar heating potential.
•
Shorter Days: Shorter days in winter reduces the potential for solar heating.
•
Cloudy Days: More cloudy days in winter reduces the potential for solar heating.
•
Snow Cover: Northern areas have many days when snow cover turns roofs white.
•
Energy Costs: Cost per BTU for cooling is higher than cost per BTU for heating.
Previous
©2005
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Slide 23 of 66
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Case Studies
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©2005
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Slide 24 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Case Studies
Infrared Photography
•
Infrared photography can be a
useful tool for comparing surface
temperatures of different types of
single-ply roofing membranes.
•
In infrared photography, variations
in surface temperature are expressed
in terms of variations in color.
•
Surfaces that are cooler will appear
black, purple, blue, or green while
surfaces that are hotter will appear
yellow, orange, red or white.
Previous
©2005
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Slide 25 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Case Studies
Chino Medical Group, Chino, CA
This infrared photo shows the temperature of the building and surrounding
surfaces on May 27, 2003 at 1:00pm, based on an outside air temperature of 87°F.
Modified
Bitumen
(133°F)
White
Membrane
(105°F)
Asphalt
Parking
(139°F)
Previous
©2005
Next
Slide 26 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Case Studies
Summerfield Apartments, Northfield, MN
This infrared photo shows the temperature of a series of apartment buildings
on August 5, 2003 at 11:00am, based on an outside air temperature of 83°F.
White
Membrane
(89°F)
BUR
(115°F)
Asphalt
Parking
(108°F)
Previous
©2005
Next
Slide 27 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Case Studies
Georgia Tech University, Atlanta, GA
This infrared photo shows the temperature of a campus building and surrounding
area on July 15, 2002 at 1:00pm, based on an outside air temperature of 93°F.
White PVC
Membrane
(98°F)
Asphalt
Parking
(127°F)
Previous
©2005
Next
Slide 28 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Cool Thermoplastic Case Studies
Best Western Hotel, Redding, CA
This infrared photo shows the temperature of several different roofing surfaces
on August 2, 2001 at 2:30pm, based on an outside air temperature of 95°F.
White
Aluminum
(97°F)
Gravel
Ballast
(139°F)
White
Membrane
(97°F)
White
Granular Cap
(129°F)
Previous
©2005
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Slide 29 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Previous
©2005
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Slide 30 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Introduction
•
When solar energy hits a roof, there
are several interactions that occur
based on the internal structure and
surface properties of the membrane.
•
These solar interactions will affect
whether energy is reflected, emitted,
absorbed, transmitted, or scattered.
•
Membranes that are highly reflective
and emissive will reflect more energy
than they absorb, and any absorbed
energy will be emitted or reradiated.
Previous
©2005
Senior Citizen Center, Towanda, PA
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Slide 31 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions
There are two types of phenomena prevalent in solar interactions on a roof system:
•
Volume Phenomena: Volume phenomena, such as transmission and absorption,
are related to the internal characteristics of matter. The issue of energy being
transmitted through or absorbed by roofing materials has long been addressed
by the use of insulation, which is able to resist the flow of heat.
•
Surface Phenomena: Surface phenomena, such as emission, scattering, and
reflection, are related to the surface properties of matter. The issue of heat
energy being emitted, scattered, or reflected by roofing materials has largely
been overlooked or ignored because these factors were considered to be
uncontrollable or insignificant.
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©2005
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Slide 32 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions Cont'd…
SOLAR ENERGY
Reflected
Scattered
Emitted
Absorbed
Source: Remote Sensing
Principals and Interpretation,
Transmitted
Previous
©2005
Floyd F. Sabins, Jr., Chevron
Oil Field Research and UCLA
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Slide 33 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Types of Energy
•
Transmitted Energy: Refers to energy that passes through or is transmitted by a
material. Materials with high resistance to heat flow reduce transmitted energy.
•
Absorbed Energy: Refers to energy that is absorbed by a material and converted
to heat. Dark materials will absorb more energy than light materials.
•
Emitted Energy: Refers to energy that has been absorbed by a material and is
subsequently radiated away as heat. Emitted energy contributes to heat islands.
•
Scattered Energy: Refers to energy that is deflected in all directions due to
surface texture. Rough materials will scatter more energy than smooth materials.
•
Reflected Energy: Refers to energy that is reflected or returned from the surface
of a material at an angle equal, but opposite, to the angle of incidence.
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©2005
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Slide 34 of 66
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Reflectivity
•
Reflectivity refers to a ability of a surface or material to reflect solar energy.
The term "albedo" refers to the fraction of incident light that is reflected by a
surface or body. Reflectivity is expressed in terms of percentages, with higher
percentages indicating that more energy is being reflected.
•
Reflectivity varies for different materials. For example, a light-colored roof is
more reflective (60% to 70%) than a dark-colored road surface (5% to 20%).
Materials and objects in our environment reflect about 86% of the sun's energy.
•
It is possible to improve the performance of roofing products through revised
manufacturing methods and new pigments. Most thermoplastic membranes
perform well, but some lose reflectivity with weathering. This loss of reflectivity
tends to level off between three and four years.
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©2005
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Slide 35 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Reflectivity Cont'd…
Previous
©2005
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Slide 36 of 66
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Emissivity
•
No roofing system is 100% reflective, which means that all roofing membranes
absorb some amount of solar energy. Emissivity refers to a membrane's ability
to reradiate this absorbed solar energy back into the environment, as opposed
to retaining solar energy or transmitting it to the building interior.
•
Some membranes have higher emissivity than others, however it is interesting
to note that emissivity is not necessarily related to reflectivity. Metals that are
painted still exhibit very low emissivity (e.g. steel 4%, aluminum 25%).
•
Ideally, roofing membranes should be both highly reflective and highly emissive.
High reflectivity ensures that the membrane will stay cool and not absorb much
solar energy, while high emissivity ensures that the membrane will reradiate any
of the solar energy it does absorb back into the environment.
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©2005
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Slide 37 of 66
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Solar Interactions and Roofing Systems
Emissivity Cont'd…
Thermoplastic
Membrane
95%
Modified
Bitumen
86%
Aluminum
25%
Previous
©2005
Steel
4%
Next
Slide 38 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Urban Heat Islands
Previous
©2005
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Slide 39 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Urban Heat Islands
Introduction
•
Urban heat islands refer to those
urban areas where temperatures
are hotter than the surrounding
suburban and rural areas.
•
Urban heat islands are caused by
radiation of heat energy absorbed
by dark construction materials.
•
The Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory (LBNL) is responsible for
heat island research and is the main
proponent of mitigation activities.
Previous
©2005
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Slide 40 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Urban Heat Islands
Temperature Differences
Urban heat Islands can raise ambient temperatures in cities by as much as 7°F.
92
33
32
Late Afternoon
Temperature (°F)
31
30
85
Rural
Commercial
Suburban
Residential
Urban
Residential
Downtown
Previous
©2005
Late Afternoon
Temperature (°C)
Park
Suburban
Residential
Rural
Farmland
Next
Slide 41 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Urban Heat Islands
Causes and Solutions
•
About 4°F (56%) of the 7°F urban heat island temperature difference can be
directly attributed to the reduced amounts of vegetation found in urban areas.
About 2.5°F (38%) can be attributed to the use of dark roofing materials and
about 0.5°F (6%) can be attributed to the extensive use of dark paving materials.
•
Increasing vegetation and using light paving materials are both relatively
expensive, long-term solutions. In comparison, using light roofing materials is a
relatively inexpensive and easy solution that can provide immediate benefits.
•
Research has shown that by reflecting energy away from surfaces rather than
allowing surfaces to heat up, it is possible to reduce dependence on insulation
and avoid transmission of energy into the building. Further efficiencies can be
achieved by using highly emissive materials that radiate away any absorbed heat.
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Slide 42 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Urban Heat Islands
Energy Use and Smog
•
The higher temperatures found in
urban heat islands, result in increased
energy usage, which increases the
probability of smog development.
•
Specifically, energy usage rises by 2%
for each 1°F rise in daily maximum
temperature, while smog probability
rises by 5% for each 0.5°F above 70°F.
•
When the thermal pollution caused
by interior and exterior heat gain is
combined with VOCs, the probability
of smog development is even greater.
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Slide 43 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
ENERGY STAR® Reflective Roof Products
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Slide 44 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
ENERGY STAR® Reflective Roof Products
Introduction
•
The EPA's ENERGY STAR Reflective
Roof Products program sets minimum
solar reflectance and reliability
standards for roofing products.
•
Products that meet these criteria
display the ENERGY STAR logo and
are listed as Qualifying Products.
•
It is important to note that only 39
of the 65 charter partners have a
qualifying product, of which only
nine are single-ply membranes.
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Slide 45 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
ENERGY STAR® Reflective Roof Products
Program Criteria
•
The ENERGY STAR Reflective Roof Products Program outlines different criteria
for low slope and steep slope roof products. Low slope roofs are defined as
surfaces with a slope of 2:12 inches or less and include single-ply membranes,
built-up-roofs (BUR), modified bitumen, metal roofs, and roof coatings.
•
In order to be listed as an ENERGY STAR qualified product, the membrane or
coating must have an initial reflectance of at least 65% and an aged reflectance
of at least 50% after three years (the product may be cleaned prior to testing).
•
In order to ensure that the durability of reflective roof products is not an issue,
manufacturers of ENERGY STAR qualified roof products are also required to
offer the same warranty for reflective roof products as is offered for comparable
non-reflective roof products.
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Slide 46 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
ENERGY STAR® Reflective Roof Products
Life Cycle and Energy Cost Models
•
The EPA and ENERGY STAR, have developed a web-based Roofing Comparison
Calculator that offers the potential for better analysis of roofing systems and
more objective decision-making by providing estimates of potential savings
associated with cool roofing systems.
•
This calculator uses building parameters, HVAC information, roof and insulation
details, energy prices, and weather data to estimate the energy and financial
savings associated with installing an ENERGY STAR qualified roof products.
•
This data on energy savings can be combined with life-cycle costs (see ASTM E
917-02 "Standard Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and
Building Systems."). Together, this information provides building owners and
facility managers with tangible measurements related to roofing systems.
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Slide 47 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
ENERGY STAR® Reflective Roof Products
Potential Energy Savings
•
In a study funded by the EPA, researchers at LBNL carried out a detailed analysis
of the energy-savings potential of switching to light-colored roofing systems in a
total of eleven metropolitan areas across the United States, from Los Angeles on
the west coast to New York City on the east coast.
•
About ten residential and commercial building prototypes in each area were
simulated, considering both energy savings due to reduced cooling demands in
summer and potential penalties due to reduced passive heating in winter.
•
Based on the results of the simulation, researchers estimated the energy-savings
potential of switching to light-colored roofing systems at about $175 million per
year, which correlates with a 40% reduction in cooling costs. Extrapolating these
results puts estimated national energy savings at about $0.75 billion per year.
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Slide 48 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
ENERGY STAR® Reflective Roof Products
Potential Energy Savings Cont'd…
This figure shows potential energy savings for switching to light-colored
roofing systems in eleven metropolitan areas across the United States.
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Slide 49 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
ENERGY STAR® Reflective Roof Products
Energy Savings Example
•
•
•
Using the ENERGY STAR calculator,
we can estimate the potential energy
savings of switching to a 50,000 ft2
white TPO roof in Chicago, IL.
Location: Chicago, IL
Based on a reflectance of 0.86, a
white TPO membrane will result in
energy savings of $6,235 per year.
Roof Area: 50,000 ft2
Given a typical life cycle of 20 years
and a 2% rate of annual inflation,
these savings will translate into total
life cycle savings of $151,494.
Net Savings: $6,235 / year
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©2005
Energy Savings Example
Roofing System: White TPO
Reflectance: 0.86
Life Cycle Savings: $151,494
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Slide 50 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED™
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Slide 51 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED™
Introduction
•
The USGBC promotes design and
construction practices that have
minimum negative impact on
occupants and the environment.
•
The Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED)
program is a USGBC initiative.
•
The LEED certification program is
performance-based and allows
projects to receive certification based
on the number of credits received.
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©2005
"The U.S. Green Building Council is
the nation's foremost coalition of
leaders from across the building industry
working to promote buildings that are
environmentally responsible, profitable
and healthy places to live and work."
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Slide 52 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED™
LEED Program Criteria
•
•
•
To receive LEED certification, a
project must meet certain prerequisites and attain a minimum of
26 points out of the 69 available.
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
LEED points, or credits, can be
attained in any of six different
categories, as shown at right.
It is important to remember that
LEED only provides standards for
choosing products; there is no such
thing as a LEED certified product.
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Areas of LEED Credit
Energy and Atmosphere
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation and Design Process
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Slide 53 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED™
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED Certification
The use of cool thermoplastic single-ply
roofing systems can help a project obtain
LEED credits in several categories:
•
Sustainable Sites (1 point)
•
Energy and Atmosphere (10 points)
•
Materials and Resources (9 points)
Certification
26-32 points
•
Indoor Environmental Quality (2 points)
Silver
33-38 points
Gold
39-51 points
Platinum
52-69 points
Taken together, cool thermoplastic
roofing systems can contribute up to 22
credits toward LEED certification.
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©2005
LEED Certification Levels
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Slide 54 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED™
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED Certification Cont'd…
•
Sustainable Sites: The use of ENERGY STAR qualified roof products can help meet
the requirements of Credit 7.2 for reducing the effects of heat islands (1 pt). As
previously discussed, reflective roof products absorb less solar energy, resulting
in less energy being absorbed and reradiated into the atmosphere as heat.
•
Energy and Atmosphere: The use of cool thermoplastic roofing systems can help
satisfy the requirements of Prerequisite 2 to design to meet ASHRAE Standard
90.1 requirements, as well as the requirements of Credits 1.1 to 1.5 to optimize
energy performance above prerequisite standards (up to 10 points).
Please remember the word REFLECTIVE. You will be required to enter it in order to
proceed with the online examination.
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Slide 55 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED™
Thermoplastic Roofing and LEED Certification Cont'd…
•
Materials and Resources: Cool thermoplastic roofing systems can help meet the
requirements of Credits 1.1 to 1.3 to contribute to building reuse by maintaining
maximum levels of the existing structure and shell (up to 3 pts). Also credits 2.1
to 2.2 regarding construction waste management by recycling and/or salvaging
up to 75% of construction waste (up to 2 pts), credits 4.1 to 4.2 regarding the
use of building materials that contain recycled components (up to 2 pts), and
credits 5.1 to 5.2 regarding the specification of materials that are made within
500 miles of the building site (up to 2 pts).
•
Indoor Environmental Quality: Cool thermoplastic roofing systems can help meet
the requirements of Credit 2.0 regarding the effective delivery and mixing (e.g.
two-way vents) of air flow to interior of building (1 pt) and Credit 7.1 regarding
the improvement of the thermal comfort of the internal environment through
the use of cool roofing systems (1 pt).
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Slide 56 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
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©2005
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Slide 57 of 66
• About the Instructor
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
Introduction
When specifying thermoplastic roofing
there are several criteria to consider:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prefabrication
System Concept
Membrane
Fastening Techniques
Flashing Methods
Warranties
Services Available
Other considerations may be unique to
certain projects, but these are critical.
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©2005
AAA Cooper Accounting Office, Dothan, AL
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Slide 58 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
Prefabrication
•
Prefabrication refers to the extent of
customization or pre-manufacturing
and will impact both your liability
and your client's satisfaction.
•
Prefabrication affects control over
quality through seaming on site or
within a controlled environment
•
Will the system be field-fabricated or
custom-fabricated within a controlled
and standardized environment? Will
deck sections or roll goods be used?
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Slide 59 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
System Concept
•
When specifying a roofing system,
synergism is key. It is important that
all components of the roofing system
comply and work together.
•
The performance of the whole
roofing system should exceed the
sum of the individual components.
•
Are the major components supplied
as a complete system? From a single
or multiple suppliers? Is there ease
of engineering and planning?
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Slide 60 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
Membrane
•
The type of membrane, its base
material, and how it is made are of
critical importance to the ultimate
performance of the roofing system.
•
Is the membrane applicable to the
building use and design? Is it suited to
local climate and traffic conditions?
•
Will the membrane contribute to
energy efficiency and sustainability?
How is the membrane reinforced?
How many threads per inch?
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©2005
Licking Memorial Hospital, Newark, OH
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Slide 61 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
Fastening Techniques
•
It is important to consider which
method of attachment, or fastening
technique, of the roof system to the
roof deck will be most effective.
•
Are there any code considerations?
Are there any aesthetic issues that will
impact choice of fastening method?
•
Will excess temperature, moisture,
or dirt affect the integrity of the
attachment system? Are there any
weight or structural concerns?
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©2005
Grenada Medical Center, Grenada, MS
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Slide 62 of 66
• About the Instructor
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• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
Flashing Methods
•
Flashing methods refer to the waterproofing and attachment method(s)
used at transition points with deck
sheets, stacks, curbs, parapets, etc.
•
The quality of flashing materials and
installation are critical because this is
where most roofing failures occur.
•
Are flashing components reinforced?
Will they be custom-made or fieldassembled? Are they compatible with
other roofing system components?
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Slide 63 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
Warranties
•
Warranty coverage of roofing systems
can be a very controversial issue: 77%
of building owners say this is their
most frequently unmet need.
•
What is the length of coverage? Is it
realistic based on the manufacturer's
history and testing methods?
•
Are there any exclusions regarding
ponding water or other issues? Can
the warranty be transferred with
ownership of the building?
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Slide 64 of 66
• About the Instructor
• About the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Thermoplastic Selection Criteria
Services Available
•
Consider the services that you, as an
architect, need from the manufacturer
in order to serve your clients reliably,
honestly and with the least liability.
•
It's all about the types of services
that will make your life easier, both
before and after the sale.
•
Can the manufacturer provide quality
drawings and documentation in a
timely manner? Is the manufacturer
knowledgeable about code issues?
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Slide 65 of 66
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Cool Thermoplastic Roofing Systems
Conclusion of This Program
•
AEC Daily Corporation is a Registered provider with the
AIA Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon
completion of this program will be reported to CES
Records for AIA members.
•
If you desire AIA/CES, CSI and/or state licensing
continuing education credits, please click on the button
below to commence your online examination. Upon
successful (80% or better) completion of the exam,
please print your Certificate of Completion.
•
For additional knowledge and post-seminar assistance,
please visit the Seminar Discussion Forum (click on the
link above and bookmark it in your browser).
•
If you have colleagues that might benefit from this
seminar, please let them know. Feel free to revisit the
AEC Daily web site to download additional programs
from the Online Learning Center.
©2005 Duro-Last Roofing, Inc. The
material contained in this course was
researched, assembled, and produced by
Duro-Last Roofing, Inc. and remains their
property. Questions or concerns about
this course should be directed to the
instructor.
Click Here To Take The Test
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