Teacher Behaviors That
Communicate High Expectations
EXPECTATIONS
TEACHER EXPECTATIONS :
inferences about future academic achievement
Role of the Teacher
“Nothing influences behavior so strongly as the
clear expectation of a significant other.”
Jim Steffen
1
Research
“Research shows that
treating all students
equitably in terms of
teacher attention and
behavior increases the
academic achievement of
students in general and
improves classroom
climate.”
(Good 1981 and 1984)
Equal Distribution of
Response Opportunities
All students have the opportunity
to respond or perform.
Numbered Heads
1) Students number off
2) Teacher announces a question and/or problem
3) Students put their heads together to think
4) Teacher calls a random number for a response
2
Variations
Colors
Letters
Dice
Spinners
Wait Time
The period of silence that follows teacher
questions and students' completed responses.
Teacher Wait Time
• The length and correctness
of responses increase
• The number of "I don't
know" and no answer
responses decreases
• The number of volunteered,
appropriate answers by
larger numbers of students
increases
• The scores of students on
academic achievement tests
tend to increase
3
Wait Time II
Allows other students time to think about what has been said
and to decide whether they want to say something of their
own.
Individual Help
Safe environments
encourage risk
taking and
questioning.
Responsive
Teachers must be alert to and responsive to the needs of
all students.
4
Low Expectations
Teacher gives up = Student disengages
Probing and Delving
I believe you will get
the correct response
and
I am going to help
you
Probing
Restate the question
Rephrase the question
Breakdown the question
Ask a related question
Give the student a hint
5
Clarity
Delivering clear instruction that is
meaningful to ALL learners.
Targeting Clarity
• Checking for
Understanding
• Anticipating confusions
and misconceptions
• Unscrambling confusions
• Using explanatory
devises
• Using appropriate speech
• Being explicit
Framing and Organizing
•
•
•
•
•
Agenda/ Itinerary
Outcomes/Objectives
Prior Knowledge
Connections
Summarizing
6
“A master can tell you what he expects of
you. A teacher, though, awakens your own
expectations.”
~Patricia Neal
"A teacher who is attempting to teach without
inspiring the pupil with a desire to learn is
hammering on a cold iron."
~Horace Mann
7