Mata Kuliah
Tahun
: O0354 - Public Relations Writing
: 2010
PENELITIAN DAN WAWANCARA
Pertemuan 07 & 08
The Writing Process
Stage One: Credibility
• Aristotle and ethos
• The importance of values
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The Writing Process
Stage Two: Research
• What is my purpose in writing?
• Who is my targeted public?
• What are the values and interests of my targeted
public in this situation?
• What message should I send?
• What information supports my message?
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The Writing Process
Stage Three: Organization
• Organization draws readers’ attention to the
message and the supporting information.
• Writers should use an outline—whether formal or
informal.
• News stories often use the inverted pyramid
organization.
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Where are facts found?
• Strategic plans
• company accounts –sales orders/purchase
orders
• organisation charts
• procedure manuals
• quality documentation
• job descriptions
• Schedules
• training manuals
• sales and marketing literature
• etc.
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Existing Systems Documentation
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•
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•
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Forms
Files/Databases
Records
Company Stationery
Reports
Memos
etc.
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External to the company
• Essentially background research
– but useful for not looking a complete …..
• Internet
• Journals
• User groups
• Consultants
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Internet
Others
• Newsgroups
– Bias towards the
negative
• Web pages
– Bias towards the
positive
• Email
– Who?
• Journals
• User Groups
• Consultants
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Process Modelling?
• How data is recorded
– What process there are or required ?
• What it is used for
– and perhaps what it could be used for ?
• Who uses it
– and who wants to
– and why ?
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TECHNIQUES-Interviews
• Interviews
– Structured v Unstructured
– Requires Planning • Who
• What about
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Advantages
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•
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Flexible (unstructured or semi approach)
Discovery of data
Ideal for gaining ideas
Face to face
User involvement
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Disadvantages
• Time consuming
• Bias
• Interpretation
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TECHNIQUES-Questionnaires
• Questionnaires
– Questions • open ended
• closed
• mix
– Design in the key
• Poor questionnaire, poor results
• No bias questions
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Advantages
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•
•
•
Useful for large volumes
Geographic split
Directed
User involvement
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Disadvantages
• Difficult to design
• Return rate
• And if you’ve missed something
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TECHNIQUES - Sampling
• Used in all fact finding exercises
• Used in any type of fact finding Soil
• Water in a swimming pool
– A small sample is taken to represent the whole
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Sampling
• Advantages
– More control owing to smaller numbers.
– Less time
• Disadvantages
– How is the sample chosen?
– Is it really representative?
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Observation
• Covert or Overt?
• Planned or unplanned?
• Must be properly documented
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Advantages
• Advantages – Participation
– concentration
– not easy but can sometimes see the obvious
• Disadvantages– Detrimental effect
– disturbing normal working practices,
– time consuming
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Pitch Letter & Confirmation Letter
Pitch Letter
• A pitch letter is made to
convince a producer (or
editor) to interview your
client on the air (or in
print)
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Confirmation Letter
• A confirmation letter is
made to help "script" the
interview to deliver your
message
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Tricks of the Trade
Think of a pitch letter as your foot in the door -- and then
think of the confirmation letter as your real pitch
1. write the confirmation letter
2. write the pitch letter
3. mail the pitch letter
4. telephone and make the pitch by phone
5. mail the confirmation letter (30 minutes later)
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