PALATE USER GUIDE, EXAMPLE EXERCISE,
AND CONTEXTUAL DISCUSSION
by
Rachel Katherine.Nathman
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Civil Engineering
Spring 2008
Copyright 2008 Rachel Katherine Nathman
All Rights Reserved
PALATE USER GUIDE, EXAMPLE EXERCISE,
AND CONTEXTUAL DISCUSSION
by
Rachel Katherine Nathman
Approved:
__________________________________________________________
Sue McNeil, Ph.D.
Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee
Approved:
__________________________________________________________
Harry W. Shenton, III, Ph.D.
Chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Approved:
__________________________________________________________
Michael J. Chajes, Ph.D.
Interim Dean of the College of Engineering
Approved:
__________________________________________________________
Carolyn A. Thoroughgood, Ph.D.
Vice Provost for Research and Graduate Studies
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you to my mom, my dad, and my sister. Each of your support has
given me the capability to move to Delaware and complete my master, especially this
document. Thank you so much for your love and patience.
Thank you to Professor Sue McNeil, my advisor, for believing in me as an
undergraduate and investing in me as a graduate, bringing me to first Chicago and then
Delaware, and introducing me to areas outside my homeland California. Thank you so
much for your love and patience.
Thank you to my friends and work mates. Thank you so much for the
everyday encouragement.
Thank you to Professor Arpad Horvath and the other three PaLATE
developers who had the knowledge, energy, and passion to create a tool as complex
and amazing as PaLATE.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................vi
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................ix
List of Achronyms And Abbreviations ........................................................................xi
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. xiv
Introduction................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Problem Statement ................................................................................. 5
1.2 Purpose and Motivation.......................................................................... 6
1.3 Goals and Objectives .............................................................................. 7
1.4 Scope 7
1.5 Clarification of the Life-Cycle Term........................................................ 8
1.6 Brief Explanation of User Guide Appendices .......................................... 9
Tool Structures and Details ...................................................................................... 11
2.1 Stakeholders in the Development of PaLATE ....................................... 12
2.2 Developmental Timeline ....................................................................... 12
2.3 Existing Literature on PaLATE ............................................................ 13
2.4 PaLATE Structure ............................................................................... 14
2.4.1 Physical Structure ..................................................................... 14
2.4.2 Methodological Structure ......................................................... 22
2.5 Developer Example Questions .............................................................. 44
2.6 Relevant Stakeholders .......................................................................... 45
2.7 Limitations, Uncertainty, and Assumptions ........................................... 46
2.8 Customization ...................................................................................... 49
2.9 Niches 50
Using PaLATE: An Exercise .................................................................................... 52
3.1 Inspiration and Intent............................................................................ 53
3.2 Scope 53
3.4 Exercise Questions ............................................................................... 54
3.5 Answering the Questions ...................................................................... 57
3.5.1 Questions 1 To 3 - Data Collection ........................................... 57
3.5.2 Questions 4 To 7 - Analysis ...................................................... 88
3.5.3 Questions 8 To 14 - Reflective .................................................. 96
3.5.4 Questions 15 To 17 - Opinion ..................................................103
Contextual Discussions ............................................................................................104
4.1 LCA Road Construction Models ............................................................104
4.2 Trends Relating to Transportation .......................................................107
iv
4.2.1 Transportation Sustainability....................................................108
4.2.2 Economics ...............................................................................109
4.2.3 Environment ............................................................................112
4.2.4 Recycling .................................................................................113
4.2.5 Using Tools Together ..............................................................117
Concluding Remarks................................................................................................120
LCA Road Construction Timeline ............................................................................125
PaLATE Worksheets ...............................................................................................144
PaLATE Calculation Components ...........................................................................149
Economic Output Calculation Component Combinations .........................................170
Environmental Output Calculation Component Combinations ..................................180
Exercise Life-cycle Inventory Answer Tables ...........................................................347
Exercise Economic Output Calculation Components Combinations ..........................398
Exercise Environmental Output Calculation Components Combinations ...................403
Exercise Question 4 Results .....................................................................................472
Exercise Question 5 Results .....................................................................................481
Exercise Question 6 Results .....................................................................................491
Exercise Comparison of Average Percent Differences For Wearing course,
Subbase, Material Production, Material Transport, Processes, and Totals .....508
References ...............................................................................................................512
v
Table 2.1
LIST OF TABLES
Illustrative PaLATE Worksheet Description Based on Table B.1 in
Appendix B. ......................................................................................... 15
Table 2.2
Illustrative Calculation Component Based on Table C.1 in
Appendix C. ......................................................................................... 16
Table 2.3
Illustrative Combination of Calculation Components for Economic
Outputs Based on Table D.1. ................................................................ 18
Table 2.4
Illustrative Combination of Calculation Components for
Environmental Outputs Based on Table E.1. ......................................... 18
Table 2.5
Relevant PaLATE Stakeholders............................................................ 46
Table 3.1
PaLATE Worksheets Used Frequently for Data Input........................... 59
Table 3.2
PaLATE Worksheets Used Frequently for Data Output Collection. ...... 63
Table 3.3
Skeleton Environmental LCI Table. ...................................................... 69
Table 3.4
Material Volume Inputs For Material Dependent Calculations and
Material Totals For Material Independent Calculations. ........................ 78
Table 3.5
Skeleton Economic LCI Table. ............................................................. 80
Table 3.6
Skeleton Environmental Summation Table For Alternative 2................. 89
Table A.1
LCA Road Construction and PaLATE Timeline...................................126
Table B.1
PaLATE Worksheets. ..........................................................................145
Table C.1
Calculation Components Table. ...........................................................150
Table D.1
Economic Output Calculation Component Combinations. ....................171
Table E.1
Environmental Output Calculation Component Combinations. .............181
Table F.1
Environmental LCI Solutions...............................................................348
vi
Table F.2
Economic LCI Solutions. ....................................................................391
Table G.1
Exercise Economic Output Calculation Component Combinations. ......399
Table H.1
Exercise Environmental Output Calculation Component
Combinations. .....................................................................................404
Table I.1
Wearing Course Percent Differences. ...................................................473
Table I.2
Subbase Percent Differences. ...............................................................474
Table I.3
Material Production Percent Differences. .............................................475
Table I.4
Material Transport Percent Differences. ...............................................476
Table I.5
Processes Percent Differences..............................................................477
Table I.6
Totals Percent Differences. ..................................................................478
Table I.7
Summary of Percent Differences. .........................................................479
Table J.1
Wearing Course Percent Differences. ...................................................482
Table J.2
Subbase Percent Differences. ...............................................................483
Table J.3
Material Production Percent Differences. .............................................484
Table J.4
Material Transport Percent Differences. ...............................................486
Table J.5
Processes Percent Differences..............................................................487
Table J.6
Totals Percent Differences. ..................................................................488
Table J.7
Summary of Percent Differences. .........................................................489
Table K.1
Wearing Course Percent Differences. ...................................................492
Table K.2
Subbase Percent Differences. ...............................................................494
Table K.3
Material Production Percent Differences.s ...........................................496
Table K.4
Material Transport Percent Differences. ...............................................499
Table K.5
Processes Percent Differences..............................................................501
vii
Table K.6
Totals Percent Differences. ..................................................................504
Table K.7
Summary of Percent Differences. .........................................................506
Table L.1
Comparison of Average Percent Differences. .......................................509
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 PaLATE Pavement Structure Layers. ....................................................... 20
Figure 2.2
Pavement life-cycle stages for the pavement section. ............................. 20
Figure 2.3
PaLATE levels of disaggregate calculations. ......................................... 21
Figure 2.4
Classification of Environmental Systems Analysis (ESA) tools
(Finnveden 2004). ............................................................................... 24
Figure 2.5
Streamlining the LCA Methodology (SLCA A Final Report 1999)........ 28
Figure 2.6
Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) Phases (Flintsch 2007). ........................... 31
Figure 2.7
PaLATE LCA Product System and Disaggregate Calculations.............. 33
Figure 2.8
Environmental and Economic Material/Process Disaggregate
Calculations, Related Equipment and/or Related Inputs Distributed
Over Life-Cycles. ................................................................................ 39
Figure 2.9
LCA and LCCA comparison (Norris 2001)........................................... 42
Figure 2.10 Transportation Asset Lifetime (LCCA Primer 2002). ........................... 43
Figure 2.11 Environmental Cost Determinates (Horvath 2004a). ............................ 44
Figure 2.12 Possibility of Uncertainty Related to LCA (Horvath 2004a). ................ 47
Figure 2.13 PaLATE Data Sources (Horvath 2004a). ............................................ 48
Figure 2.14 LCA Goal Definition and Scoping Data Issues (DANTES 2006). ........ 49
Figure 3.1
PaLATE Pavement Structure Layers. ................................................... 54
Figure 3.2
Pavement life-cycle stages for the pavement section. ............................. 54
Figure 3.3
PaLATE LCA Product System and Disaggregate Calculations.............. 62
Figure 3.4
Material/process Disaggregate Calculations For Base Scenario. ............ 64
ix
Figure 3.5
Material/process Disaggregate Calculations For Alternative 1. .............. 65
Figure 3.6
Material/process Disaggregate Calculations For Alternative 2. .............. 66
Figure 3.7
Percent Differences For Questions 4 to 7 and Relation to Questions
6 and 7. ............................................................................................... 91
Figure 3.8
Environmental and Economic Material/Process Disaggregate
Calculations, Related Equipment and/or Related Inputs Distributed
Over Life-Cycles. ...............................................................................101
Figure 4.1
Recycling Shown As A Maintenance Option in Pavement Condition
Verses Time (Pavement Recycling Guidelines 1997). ..........................114
x
LIST OF ACHRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AASHTO
American Association of State and Highway
Transportation Officials
ASTSWMO
Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste
Management Officials
BSFC
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
CGDM
University of California at Berkeley Consortium
on Green Design and Manufacturing
DOT
Department of Transportation
EIO-LCA
Economic Input-Output Life-Cycle Assessment
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
ESA
Environmental Systems Analysis
FHWA
Federal Highway Administration
FIRE
Factor Information Retrieval
HERS-ST
Highway Economic Requirements System-State
Version
HMA
Hot-mix Asphalt
HTP
Human Toxicity Potential
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ISTEA
1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act
LCA
Life-Cycle Assessment
xi
LCCA
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
LCI
Life-Cycle Inventory LCA Phase
LCIA
Life-Cycle Impact Assessment LCA Phase
MP
Material production pavement construction
material/process life-cycle stage
MT
Material transport pavement construction
material/process life-cycle stage
N/A
Not Applicable
NHI
National Highway Instituted
NHS
National Highway System
NPV
Net Present Value
OCED
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development
PaLATE
Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for
Environmental and Economic Effects
PLACE3S
Planning for Community, Energy, Economic,
and Environmental Sustainability
PMS
Pavement Management System
Pro
Processes pavement construction
material/process life- cycle stage
RAP
Recycled Asphalt Pavement
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976
RMRC
Recycled Material Resource Center
SAFETEA-LU
Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
SAIC
Scientific Applications International Corporation
xii
SB
Subbase pavement structure layer
SETAC
Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry
SHA
Maryland State Highway Administration
SLCA
Streamlined Life-Cycle Assessment
TEA-21
1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st
Century
TRB
Transportation Research Board
WC
Wearing course Pavement structure layer
xiii
ABSTRACT
Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic
Effects (PaLATE) is one of four pavement construction LCA models and the only
belonging to the United States. Serving as a user guide to PaLATE (chapter 2), this
document also develops an exercise/case study (chapter 3) that illustrates the utility of
the tool and can act as a coursework supplement. Contexts are drawn for the tool
(chapter 4) as they relate to pavement construction LCA models and sustainability,
recycling, environment, and economics in the transportation community.
PaLATE performs environmental analysis according to the life-cycle
assessment (LCA) methodology and economic analysis according to the life-cycle cost
analysis (LCCA) methodology for highway pavement construction projects at the
project level. As an LCA tool, PaLATE exhibits integrated, hybrid, streamlined
qualities. PaLATE, like other LCA road construction models, can be utilized as part of
the decision-making tool box to meet demands for more sustainable investments in
transportation infrastructure. At the same, each of these tools exists in the research
phase. Perspectives supported by tool analysis relate to the diversity of relevant
stakeholders that include civil and highway engineers, transportation planners,
politicians, material scientists, material manufacturers, environmentalists, recycling
experts, and academics. Implemented in Microsoft® Excel, users can vary their
analysis for a pavement section to account for a number of primary and secondary
pavement construction materials and related processes; pavement construction
xiv
processes evaluated independent of material type, generally common between highway
pavement projects; the initial construction and/or maintenance pavement life-cycle
stages; pavement construction material/process life-cycle stages; pavement structure
layer; and the “calculation components” utilized, where calculation components is a
term specific to this thesis.
Lacking an adequate user guide at this stage in its research development,
PaLATE is incomprehensible. This document breaks PaLATE into calculation
components that make the tool transparent. Calculation components are combined by
the tool in a number of ways to execute calculations. Component categories include:
user inputs (i.e. material volumes, etc.), user selections (i.e. transport mode, equipment
models, etc.), default data housed in PaLATE from a number of sources (i.e. EPA
emission factors, material densities, equipment, etc.), embedded calculations drawing
on a number of analytical methodologies (i.e. EIO-LCA, equipment productivity,
engine capacity, fuel consumption, etc.), and outputs (i.e. environmental – emissions,
ground contamination, human health, etc., economic – net present value, annualized
cost, etc.). The combination of calculation components for each disaggregate
calculation are documented in tables. The Microsoft® Excel worksheets connected to
each calculation component are cited in the calculation component combination tables
such that users “see” tool connectivity and know the location of assumptions,
limitations, and more information related to each calculation component. The user
guide portion of the document also features a number of flow charts related to LCA
oriented boundary definitions, PaLATE disaggregate calculations, their distribution
over material production, material transport, processes, and disposal material/process
life-cycle stages, connectivity of user inputs to outputs, etc. Included is a completed
xv
exercise which serves several functions. Indirectly, this chapter acts as a case study
which compares the use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and virgin materials in a
new asphalt pavement section, where outputs demonstrate PaLATE’s utility.
Throughout, the necessary user thought processes are documented for prospective
users, demonstrating how to use PaLATE and the user guide portions of this
document. Academics are encouraged to use the material as a course supplement.
Finally, progress reports and discussions for the future relate to LCA road construction
models and concepts incorporated in PaLATE such as economics and LCCA,
environment, recycling, and sustainability as they relate to the domestic and
international transportation communities.
xvi
iii
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic
Effects (PaLATE) is one of four available life-cycle assessment (LCA) road
construction models. LCA, a methodology whose development started in the 1970s, is
an instrument used to support sustainable decision-making. Therefore, these tools hold
great potential to support sustainable decision-making by a diverse set of audiences as
it relates to pavement construction recognizing the number of stakeholders that can be
part of this process. PaLATE, as the only domestically developed LCA road
construction model, offers more possibilities for the United States transportation
community while counterparts developed abroad can serve as inspiration for expanding
sustainable transportation practices. Also, the differences in public culture and
government systems will produce different outcomes in the future of LCA road
construction models. Each of these models are comprehensive – users can evaluate a
number of environmental parameters and pavement construction materials, in addition
to looking at other perspectives such as economics, using a combination of databases
stemming from many disciplines such as environment, equipment, leaching, material
science, economics, and health. As such, each of these models is complex and user
support is required for tool implementation. PaLATE as a research tool developed by
a team of four has limited resources in terms of product attention and marketing. This
document serves as a user guide to PaLATE in recognition of gaps that exist in the tool
4
literature portfolio. Several angles of user support are offered in this document. One,
the thesis breaks PaLATE into a number of “calculation components,” a term specific
to this document, that represent different combinations of various parameters that are
combined to produce outputs for each disaggregate calculation. Two, the thesis
explains how the LCA methodology shapes the execution of PaLATE calculations
(methodological structure) and how these calculations are manifested and distributed in
Microsoft® Excel (physical structure). Three, a completed exercise is included to
introduce prospective users to necessary thought processes for PaLATE
implementation and demonstrate the utility of these tools through the presentation of
results. This exercise can also supplement coursework. Finally, four, contextual
perspectives are drawn for LCA road construction models.
1.1
Problem Statement
Investing in pavement construction materials and processes that embrace
sustainable practices is important to both current and future generations given the role
pavement construction plays in the production of materials, consumption of materials,
global economies, and our continuing dependence on road infrastructure. LCA tools in
general facilitate progression towards sustainable goals. In parallel, LCA applications
in road construction also work to accomplish sustainable goals. For the successful
assimilation of LCA road construction models tool transparency is a must. This has to
do with the comprehensive and convoluted nature of these tools together with their
marketability and use to a broad set of stakeholders whose backgrounds vary. Guided
by the existing PaLATE literature portfolio which lacks an adequate user guide, this
thesis, encouraged by a bigger picture and bigger goals, aims to accomplish tool
transparency.
5
1.2
Purpose and Motivation
After surveying existing tool literature it was determined that producing a
document that explained PaLATE would be most useful for tool assimilation. This has
to do with, one, the complexities of PaLATE as a “highly comprehensive” model
(Horvath 2004a) that contains not just crucial variables to the tool but also all relevant
roadway engineering factors, the most significant environmental variables known today,
and data and information relating to a number of pavement construction aspects such as
materials, processes, maintenance, recycling, and technologies, for example equipment
(Horvath 2004a). These statements relate to developers stating that for users to
implement PaLATE they must be familiar with the tool as “user input is needed on
many variables” and “decisions need to be made many times during the software use
(Horvath 2004a).” Two, the diverse set of stakeholders to which PaLATE is useful
outside the traditional pavement construction audiences of highway and civil engineers,
which include recycling experts, material manufacturers, environmental scientists,
waste management officials, researchers, and transportation decision-makers which can
include engineers, politicians, and planners. Three, existing PaLATE literature labeled
as or insinuated to be a user guide (the introduction worksheet in the PaLATE
Microsoft® Excel file, several reports whose purpose is stated to explain PaLATE, and
a dedicated website) are deceiving based on their brevity and inability to facilitate tool
transparency. Therefore a user guide will explain the tool, appropriately fill varying
knowledge gaps that exist among the diverse set of prospective users, and encourage
PaLATE implementation and assimilation, all reasons for which this document exists.
6
1.3
Goals and Objectives
To explain PaLATE, the tool is broken into what this thesis labels as
“calculation components,” which are the parts of PaLATE that are combined to make
calculations in the production of outputs. Tables that document the combination of
calculation components are included in the appendices such that these combinations
vary between pavement life-cycle stages, material/process life-cycle stages, pavement
structure layers, the specific materials and/or processes, and the environmental and
economic output. Tables that show these combinations of calculation components also
cite the Microsoft® Excel worksheets involved relative to each calculation component
so users know where to find and see the related data. To complete the user guide, a
demonstration of how to use the thesis with PaLATE is shown in an exercise, which
can also double as a supplement to course curriculum in addition to providing an
opportunity for a run-through of the tool for prospective users. To provide users with
perspective of the progression of tools similar to PaLATE and their utility in the
transportation community, progress reports of concepts incorporated in PaLATE
(environment, economics, recycling, sustainability, etc.) as they relate to transportation
are discussed together with other LCA road construction models.
1.4
Scope
PaLATE is a complex tool containing a diverse set of data and analytical
methodologies – each with its own set of limitations, uncertainty, assumptions, etc.
Further, PaLATE has a number of applications such that in any one case a subset of the
total number of these PaLATE characteristics will never apply. Therefore a
comprehensive documentation of these is not attempted. Users, instead, will be able to
find the related set of information they are looking for given this document.
7
1.5
Clarification of the Life-Cycle Term
The term life-cycle appears many times in reference to different definitions.
Clarification is given here.
1.
Material/Process life-cycle – pavement construction materials
and processes make the products in PaLATE, where LCA is an
instrument that is product oriented in that it analyzes the lifecycles connected to a certain product. Material/process lifecycles in PaLATE include the material production, material
transport, and processes life-cycle stages. Transport legs on the
way to the disposal life-cycle stage are also included in PaLATE
analysis.
2.
Life-cycle thinking is a way of comprehensively addressing
environmental issues from a system or holistic perspective
recognizing that everyone in the whole chain of a product’s lifecycle has a responsibility and a role to play, taking into account
all the relevant external effects (Evaluation in LCA 2003).
3.
Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) is the methodology on which
PaLATE frames its approach to evaluating the environmental
performance of pavement construction projects at the project
level. This analytical, systematic, and scientific methodology is
an application of the concept of life-cycle thinking in that it aims
to quantify and link cumulative environmental interactions and
impacts over the course of four LCA phases. PaLATE is a
streamlined LCA (SLCA) or shortened version of the full-scale
LCA. This LCA structure of PaLATE can also be characterized
as a process LCA methodology.
4.
Economic Input-Output Life-cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) is a
matrix based LCA methodology where an environmentally
augmented economic input-output matrix is used to determine
environmental impacts. This is one of many analytical
methodologies utilized by PaLATE in the execution of
calculations. The combination of process LCA and matrix LCA
in PaLATE relates to the tool’s hybrid qualities.
5.
LCA phases, which refer to the framework that comprises the
LCA methodology, include four iterative phases: goal definition
and scoping, life-cycle inventory (LCI), life-cycle impact
8
assessment (LCIA), and interpretation or improvement analysis.
This last stage varies in its name and sub steps depending on the
standard being followed. PaLATE analysis pertains indirectly to
goal definition and scoping, in that users can decide which
disaggregate calculations to focus on in the tool. PaLATE
outputs overlap with both LCI and LCIA phases. It is up to the
user to conduct the interpretation phase.
1.6
6.
Pavement life-cycle stages are the design, initial construction,
operation and use, and maintenance pavement life-cycle stages
of a pavement section. Analysis is performed for the initial
construction and maintenance pavement life-cycle stages. A
worksheet in PaLATE is titled design. However inputs in this
worksheet are wholly disconnected from the rest of the
application.
7.
Life-cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is the methodology used by
PaLATE to structure economic outputs. The incorporation of
economic perspectives in the LCA methodology relates to the
integrative qualities of PaLATE. LCCA also has a history
within the transportation community as a method of asset
management.
Brief Explanation of User Guide Appendices
Those appendices associated with the user guide portion of this thesis are
described below:
Appendix A: LCA Road Construction Timeline shows the momentum
of concepts incorporated in PaLATE such as recycling,
environment, and sustainability as they relate to transportation in
addition to dates relating to the other three LCA road
construction models. Also documented here are the documents
that are apart of the PaLATE literature portfolio.
Appendix B: The eighteen PaLATE worksheets are detailed along with
their role in the application.
Appendix C: PaLATE calculation components are explained as they
relate to the environmental outputs and economic outputs
produced by PaLATE. Calculation components are combined to
9
produce these outputs in many ways. Additionally components
are shown according to the following categories: user inputs,
user selections, default data, embedded calculations, and
outputs.
Appendix D: The combination of calculation components that go into
each economic output (where economic outputs are produced
for both green and orange tables relating to the inclusion or
exclusion of labor, equipment, and overhead and profit costs)
are shown according to disaggregate pavement construction
material/process calculation. Pavement construction
material/process disaggregate calculations include a number of
primary and secondary oriented pavement construction materials
and processes.
Appendix E: The combination of calculation components that go into
each environmental output are shown according to disaggregate
pavement construction material/process calculation. Pavement
construction material/process disaggregate calculations include a
number of primary and secondary oriented pavement
construction materials and processes.
10
Chapter 2
TOOL STRUCTURES AND DETAILS
Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic
Effects (PaLATE) performs environmental analysis according to the life-cycle
assessment (LCA) methodology and economic analysis according to the life-cycle cost
analysis (LCCA) methodology for highway construction projects where users have the
option to choose from a number of primary and secondary construction materials
and/or processes. Pavement construction processes evaluated include both on-site and
off-site activities and relate either to a specific material or are activities generally
common among highway projects. Analysis, which is carried out at the project-level
for a pavement section, is performed for initial construction and maintenance pavement
life-cycle stages according to pavement structure layers for material/process life-cycles
that consist of material production, material transport, and processes life-cycle stages.
In LCA terminology the tool is an integrated, hybrid, streamlined LCA tool relating to
the integration of environmental and economic perspectives in analysis, the hybrid use
of a number of analytical methodologies that include both a process and matrix based
life-cycle assessment methodology (specifically an environmentally augmented
economic input-output matrix (EIO-LCA)) to execute calculations, and the
streamlined, or simplified manifestation of the full-scale LCA methodology in the tool
using Microsoft® Excel. Environmental outputs relate to air quality such as emissions,
ground contamination based according to material leaching potentials, and human
11
health, for example the impact of asphalt fumes. Economic outputs are the net present
value and annualized costs produced for one initial construction and maintenance
regime according to two different discount rates. PaLATE, as an LCA tool can be
used to promote sustainable practices in transportation, a utility that is a direct
extension of the use of the LCA methodology as a sustainable instrument.
In this chapter, background material on PaLATE is presented including
descriptions of the development team and timeline, and a review of existing literature.
The tool is then described according to its physical structure, characterized by
Microsoft® Excel, and the methodological structure, characterized by the LCA
methodology. Discussion relating to PaLATE drawbacks, customization, and tool
niches follows.
2.1
Stakeholders in the Development of PaLATE
PaLATE was developed at the University of California at Berkeley
Consortium on Green Design and Manufacturing (CGDM). The four key team
members are from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Energy and
Resources Group, and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Development was spearheaded by Professor Arpad Horvath, from the Department of
Civil and Environmental Engineering. Funding was provided by the Recycled Materials
Resource Center (RMRC) at the University of New Hampshire (PaLATE 2007).
2.2
Developmental Timeline
PaLATE is a result of a five stage project - each phase focusing on a task
to develop a different component of the tool. Tasks included (Horvath 2004a):
Task 1 Develop a model of economic costs for traditional highway
materials.
12
Task 2 Develop a model of economic costs for recycled highway
materials.
Task 3 Develop a model of environmental effects for traditional
highway materials.
Task 4 Develop a model of environmental effects for recycled highway
materials.
Task 5 Develop a computer-based decision-support tool.
The development process was a multi-stage, multi-project effort that
addressed the complexities of combining the two practices involved: LCA and highway
road construction and informative to users whose task involves the same.
2.3
Existing Literature on PaLATE
In Table A.1 the portfolio of PaLATE literature portfolio is organized in a
timeline that also demonstrates the relationships among documents relating to
recycling, environment, and sustainability, and transportation. Also included in this
timeline are dates relating to the other three LCA road construction models. A review
of the table reveals several groups of publications in the portfolio of PaLATE literature.
These include: texts which were written by Horvath that came before PaLATE and led
up to the development of the tool, texts produced by Horvath roughly at the same time
as PaLATE’s release whose content justifies the development of PaLATE, case studies
using the tool as performed by individuals at the RMRC, brief reports on PaLATE, and
a brief PaLATE website. Based on the review of the portfolio of PaLATE literature, it
was concluded that the tool lacks an adequate user guide, a gap this thesis aims to fill.
Further, it was concluded a user guide would be useful considering limited resources on
behalf of the small PaLATE research-based development team, a group of four
13
distributed across various programs and departments in the University of California at
Berkeley.
2.4
PaLATE Structure
In the following sections PaLATE is described according to two
structures: a physical structure which serves to clarify how the LCA framework is
expressed in Microsoft® Excel and a methodological structure as determined by the
LCA framework. The characterization of the physical structure of the tool supports
the developer description of PaLATE as consisting of an environmental module and
economic module which is contradicted by the methodological structure descriptions
were the economic module is expressed as part of the environmental module based
according to the LCA framework - that it can accommodate alternative perspectives –
and according to the simple nature of the LCCA analysis performed by PaLATE, that
the economic module would not be used by itself. The incorporation of the economic
perspective in the LCA PaLATE tool relates to the integrated LCA quality of the tool.
2.4.1 Physical Structure
PaLATE is a series of eighteen Microsoft® Excel worksheets that are
connected based on calculations. Worksheets are: Introduction, Design, Initial
Construction, Maintenance, Equipment, Cost ($), Cost ($) Results, Environmental
Results, References, Data, Densities, Equipment Details, EMF Transport, Fumes,
Leachates, Cost Data, Conversions, and Diagrams. These worksheets are detailed in
Table B.1 in Appendix B. The first row of the table is shown in Table 2.1 to illustrate
the types of data included in the appendix table. Here, specifically the introduction
spreadsheet is detailed showing the role it plays in the application. Other details in the
14
appendix table show what is going on in each worksheet and applicable user thought
processes for that worksheet, in addition to worksheet function.
Table 2.1
Illustrative PaLATE Worksheet Description Based on Table B.1 in
Appendix B.
Worksheets (In
Order As They
Appear In
PaLATE)
Brief Description
Introduction
Gives title of the tool and states one of the main agencies behind its
development: Consortium on Green Design and Manufacturing at the
University of California at Berkeley. Gives acronym glossary. One
portion labeled as the user manual dated December 13, 2003 describes
PaLATE Microsoft® Excel worksheet classification into input, output,
and data worksheets. Its dialogue goes on to describe the design, initial
construction, maintenance, equipment, costs, cost results, environmental
results, references, and data worksheets. Users should be careful to extend
the text box in which the "user manual" is located to its full extent.
The connectivity of worksheets as determined by calculations is captured in
this thesis by breaking calculations down into “calculation components,” a term specific
to this thesis. Calculation components are combined in various ways to produce
outputs. Each calculation component is housed in one or more worksheets.
Calculation components are classified as user inputs, user selections, outputs,
embedded calculations, and default data. These calculation components are described
in Table C.1 in Appendix C and descriptions are split according to those that
correspond to environmental outputs and those that correspond to economic outputs.
The first row of Table C.1 is shown in Table 2.2 to illustrate information included in
the appendix table. Here specifically, the material volume inputs calculation component
is shown with its component type classification as user input, the corresponding
15
worksheets in which it is housed initial construction worksheet and maintenance
worksheet, and an explanation of its role in PaLATE.
Table 2.2
Illustrative Calculation Component Based on Table C.1 in Appendix
C.
Calculation
Component
Material
Volume
Inputs
Major
Component
Corresponding Explanation
Type
Worksheets
User Input
Initial
Construction,
Maintenance
Utilized by all environmental outputs.
Utilized by green table economic outputs.
Names for material volume inputs differ from
disaggregate calculations that exist, despite
these disaggregate calculations being
performed mainly according to pavement
construction material. That is why shown to
demonstrate input and output connectivity.
Calculation components are combined in various ways to produce outputs.
These combinations are shown in Table D.1 in Appendix D for economic outputs and
Table E.1 in Appendix E for environmental outputs. Users can use these tables to
understand what calculation components go into each PaLATE output where outputs
vary according to a number of disaggregate calculations. Shown in Table 2.3 and
Table 2.4 are the first rows to Table D.1 for economic outputs and Table E.1 for
environmental outputs illustrative of the contents of Appendices D and E. In Table 2.3
are the combination of calculation components that go into the economic outputs
associated with the material/process disaggregate calculation of installed asphalt paving
cost for the orange table and the combination of calculation components that go into
the economic outputs associated with the material/process disaggregate calculation of
16
virgin aggregates for the green table. The orange and green tables in the cost
worksheet are where economic outputs are collected from and differ in their
consideration for costs associated with equipment, labor, and overhead and profit as
explained in Table B.1 of Appendix B. Economic outputs are collected from the cost
spreadsheet. In Table 2.4 are the combination of calculation components that go into
the environmental outputs associated with the material/process disaggregate calculation
of virgin aggregate. Environmental outputs are collected from the environmental
results worksheet. In both Table 2.3 and Table 2.4 the worksheets in which each
calculation component is housed is featured in parenthesis as also performed in
Appendices D and E.
17
Table 2.3
Illustrative Combination of Calculation Components for Economic
Outputs Based on Table D.1.
Green Table
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations [Cost]
Installed Asphalt
Paving Cost [Cost]
Orange Table
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations [Cost]
Virgin Aggregate
[Cost]
Table 2.4
Economic Outputs: Initial Construction Net
Present Value, Maintenance Net Present
Value, Initial Construction Annualized Cost,
Maintenance Annualized Cost
Expected Cost (Installed Asphalt Paving Cost)
[Cost Data], Initial Construction and
Maintenance Material/Process Volume Inputs
(Total: Asphalt mix to site - WC1, WC2,
WC3) [Initial Construction, Maintenance],
UCRF [Cost], Period of Analysis [Design,
Cost], Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance
Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit Cost [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Economic outputs: Net Present Value,
Annualized Cost (Outputs different than green
table.)
Expected Cost (Virgin Aggregate) [Cost
Data], Initial Construction and Maintenance
Material Volume Material/Process Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate - WC1, WC2, WC3) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Illustrative Combination of Calculation Components for
Environmental Outputs Based on Table E.1.
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
18
Virgin
Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Energy) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Water) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
In addition to Microsoft® Excel worksheets and calculation components,
pavement structure layer and pavement life-cycle stages play a large role in PaLATE.
Since these two tool characteristics do not stem from the LCA methodology (where
these tool characteristics are covered in the methodological structure section next) they
are discussed here under physical structure. Pavement structure layer and pavement
life-cycle stages make up two of the disaggregate levels for which calculations are
made in PaLATE. These levels break down the pavement construction project such
that environmental and economic evaluations are possible for pavement construction
materials and processes. Shown in Figure 2.1 are the pavement structure layers for
which user inputs are taken for the initial construction and maintenance pavement lifecycle stages and for which calculations are performed based on a combination of
calculation components to produce economic and environmental outputs. Pavement
structure layers are three wearing course layers, four subbase layers, and one
embankment and shoulder. The pavement life-cycle is shown in Figure 2.2 where
PaLATE analysis does not account for the operation and use pavement life-cycle stage.
Shown in Figure 2.3 are the disaggregate levels of PaLATE calculations. This figure
demonstrates how pavement structure disaggregate calculations stem from the
pavement life-cycle stages. Other disaggregate levels of PaLATE calculations relate
the LCA methodology and are discussed in the next section. Further, Figure 2.3 is also
19
further explained in the next section as it relates to the LCA product system, system
boundaries, and how PaLATE outputs relate to LCA phases.
Figure 2.1 PaLATE Pavement Structure Layers.
Figure 2.2
Pavement life-cycle stages for the pavement section.
20
Figure 2.3
PaLATE levels of disaggregate calculations.
21
2.4.2 Methodological Structure
The methodological structure of PaLATE is based on the full-scale LCA
framework. At the same time, PaLATE is a streamlined life-cycle assessment (SLCA)
tool meaning that it is a simplified implementation of the full-scale LCA framework and
therefore the tool complies with only part of LCA standards. SLCAs, despite their
partial compliance, are common in the LCA community (Hochschorner 2003). In the
following paragraphs more background and details are given to the full-scale LCA
methodology and then justifications given as to why PaLATE and other SLCA
instruments are allowed to exist in partial compliance with LCA standards and SLCA
results are still considered valid and legitimate.
LCA is an environmental systems analysis (ESA) tool touted for its
contributing a holistic environmental perspective to the decision making toolbox. The
development of the methodology began in the 1970s and has since, waveringly
developed as a result of historically oscillating and recently increasing interests in
environment and sustainability (LCA Principles and Practice 2006; SETAC 2008). A
classification of ESA tools in terms of the study objective and the impacts considered is
shown in
Figure 2.4 (Finnveden 2004). When simplified, LCAs shift classification in
recognition of the fact that LCAs can mimic other ESA tool analyses when streamlined.
22
This speaks to the potential of the full-scale LCA methodology and SLCAs. The
detailed LCA provides a framework upon which more efficient and useful methods of
assessment can be developed using streamlining (Graedel 1998) such that assessors
decide where and how to streamline, not whether to streamline (Hochschorner 2003).
23
Figure 2.4
Classification of Environmental Systems Analysis (ESA) tools (Finnveden 2004).
24
The full-scale methodology is commonly documented in LCA
informational and reference documents. As a simplified version, or a streamlined lifecycle assessment (SLCA) model, PaLATE exhibits only parts of the comprehensive,
rigorous LCA framework. There are many reasons as to why SLCAs, or incomplete
LCAs, are allowed to be conducted in partial compliance with standards. These are
covered in the following paragraphs. Worth noting is that SLCA results are considered
equally meaningful as a full-scale LCAs, if not better.
The core characteristic of the LCA is its holistic nature, which is its major
strength and, at the same time, its limitation (ISO Handbook Part 2a 2002). The
framework outlined by the LCA methodology is both comprehensive and rigorous. In
practice, LCA practitioners and study teams find that a full LCA is not achievable given
limitations on time, money, data, appropriate knowledge, and labor. One continuing
concern in the LCA community is that the established methodology is beyond the reach
of users; while very extensive LCAs have been performed, a complete, quantitative
LCA has never been accomplished, nor is it every likely to be (Graedel 1998). A
detailed LCA requires between 20 and 200 person-days of work (ISO Handbook Part
2b 2002). Comprehensive assessments are then not ideal, resulting in streamlining or
simplification being a universal quality to each LCA. The detailed LCA provides a
framework upon which more efficient and useful methods of assessment can be
developed using streamlining (Graedel 1998) such that assessors decide where and how
to streamline, not whether to streamline. A streamlined LCA requires 1 to 20 persondays of work, but is by no means simple (Hochschorner 2003).
SLCAs also exist due to standards, in addition to the concerns with the
feasibility of full-scale assessment. LCA standards are laid out in the 14040 series
25
produced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO standards
impose conformity on industry practices and are market-driven in that they are a result
of experts in the field requesting they exist. ISO standards also represent consensus on
best practices within a community. As ISO standards, not only is the 14040 series
voluntary (as a non-governmental organization ISO has no legal authority to enforce
the implementation of its standards) and designed to be globally relevant to everyone in
the world, but the ISO 14001 series for environmental management systems (which
houses LCA standards), is a generic management system standard which is different
than the vast majority of ISO standards in that it is not highly specific to a particular
product, material, or process such that variations of compliance are possible.
Formatting the LCA standards as a generic recipe is practical in that one of the main
goals and capabilities of the methodology is to be applied to a diverse set of
applications and decision contexts. Further, with efforts beginning in 1994 (ISO
Handbook Part 1 2002) ISO standards are still forming: the LCA community lacks
consensus on many aspects of the methodology as a result of the lack of maturity of the
methodology, lacking and growing knowledge on environmental systems, and ISO
standards are reviewed for update every five years. Efforts are underway to establish
state-of-the-practice streamlining definitions and approaches (SLCA A Final Report
1999; Graedel 1998; Hochschorner 2003; Evaluation in LCA 2003). In Figure 2.5
variations of streamlining are shown where each line represents an LCA study
characteristic and points along the line represent different degrees of detail, the far right
being the most detailed and rigorous, closest to the full-scale LCA, and the far left
being the furthest from the full-scale LCA. Depending the objective of the LCA and
26
how the results will be used unnecessary levels of detail can be eliminated (SLCA A
Final Report 1999).
27
Figure 2.5
Streamlining the LCA Methodology (SLCA A Final Report 1999).
28
Given the LCA methodology and why PaLATE and other SLCA model
results are considered valid, we now move onto the definition of the full-scale LCA
methodology and how it manifests itself in PaLATE. Different key agencies and
organizations in the LCA community have varying definitions. Generally, LCA
methodology definitions overlap. The Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry (SETAC), one of the driving organizations in the development of the
methodology, defines LCA as: “An objective process to evaluate the environmental
burdens associated with a product, process, or activity by identifying and quantifying
energy and material usage and environmental releases, to assess the impacts of those
energy and material uses and releases to the environment, and to evaluate and
implement opportunities to effect environmental improvements. The assessment
includes the entire life cycle of the product, process, or activity, encompassing
extracting and processing raw materials; manufacturing transportation and distribution;
use/re-use/maintenance; recycling, and final disposal (Graedel 1998).” Other
organizations advancing the science and practice of LCA are: U.S Environmental
Protection Agency, American Center for Life Cycle Assessment, National Institute of
Standards and Technology, United Nations Environment Program, Division of
Technology, Industry and Economics (SLCA A Final Report 1999; Goedkoop 2007;
SETAC 2008; LCA Principles and Practice 2006; Fundamentals of LCA 2003; LCA
Part 1 1996; LCA Part 2 1996; ISO Handbook Part 1 2002; ISO Handbook Part 2a
2002).
Four iterative phases outline the working method of the LCA process: goal
definition and scope, life-cycle inventory (LCI), life-cycle impact analysis (LCIA), and
interpretation (also called improvement analysis depending on the LCA standard)
29
(Flintsch 2007). The relationships among these phases are shown in Figure 2.6
together with phase definitions (LCA Part 1 1996; LCA Part 2 1996). PaLATE
analysis overlaps LCA phases based according to its environmental and economic
outputs. This relation is shown in Figure 2.7 where the dashed line outlines the
product system and LCA phases are conducted in respect to, or based on the product
system. The product system for which analysis is performed is a result of LCA being a
product oriented process. The product system is made up of those processes that stem
from the product of study. LCA phases performed in respect to the PaLATE product
system shown in Figure 2.7 are goal definition and scoping, life-cycle inventory (LCI),
and life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Goal definition and scoping is performed by
the PaLATE user when the use of PaLATE is determined such that the product system
can be tailored according to the various levels of disaggregate calculations that are
shown in Figure 2.7. Therefore, the product system as shown in Figure 2.7 is taken at
its broadest sense. LCI overlaps include PaLATE outputs water consumption and
energy consumption and PaLATE outputs related to emissions and generated
hazardous waste. Costs are also shown as an output of the product system. This
relates to the economic module of PaLATE. The economic calculations in PaLATE
are discussed further at the end of this section. LCIA overlaps are HTP (human
toxicity potential) which is related to human health and calculated according to fumes
produced by asphalt and leaching potentials of pavement construction materials.
Details of these outputs are given in Table C.1 in Appendix C where calculation
components are described. Outputs are one of the categories of calculation
components in which this thesis breaks PaLATE into. The improvement analysis or
interpretation phase of LCA overlaps with PaLATE when users evaluate their
30
procedure of analysis during PaLATE implementation or at the end when results are
analyzed.
Figure 2.6
Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) Phases (Flintsch 2007).
While the disaggregate calculation levels of pavement life-cycle stage and
pavement structure layer were described in the physical structure of PaLATE since they
relate to the pavement construction characteristic of PaLATE, at the same time these
can also be considered part of the LCA characteristic of PaLATE. This has to do with
that each is connected to the product (pavement section) for which the user decides to
perform analysis. These disaggregate levels are shown in Figure 2.7. Additional
31
disaggregate calculation levels are the pavement construction material/process lifecycles which include the material production, material transport, and processes lifecycle stages. Disposal is shown as a life-cycle stage since PaLATE includes analysis
for transportation legs leading to the disposal phase. Also examples of end-of-life
options considered in PaLATE are in-place recycling processes. The disposal, end-oflife material/process life-cycle stage is addressed further in the following paragraphs.
For each of these material/process life-cycle stages, calculations are performed
according to pavement structure layer. For each pavement structure layer calculations
are performed according to pavement construction material, pavement construction
process independent of material utilized and generally common to most highway
projects such as pavement hot-mix asphalt (HMA), or pavement construction processes
that associated with utilized materials such as the milling and crushing of recycled
asphalt pavement (RAP). This is the topic of chapter three.
32
Figure 2.7
PaLATE LCA Product System and Disaggregate Calculations.
33
The material production life-cycle stage pavement construction processes
include those that take place off the project site. The processes life-cycle stage
pavement construction processes include those that take place on the project site.
Some of these on-site and off-site pavement construction processes are dependent on
on-site or off-site equipment performance parameters. At the same time some
calculations for pavement construction processes do not depend on equipment. More
detail as to what calculation components are combined for which PaLATE outputs and
what pavement construction processes are shown in Table E.1 in Appendix E for
environmental outputs. Users will find that economic outputs do not depend on the
calculation components associated with equipment as described in Table C.1 in
Appendix C. Shown in Figure 2.8 is a flow chart for wearing course and subbase
pavement structure layers demonstrating the relation of equipment with pavement
construction activities (or processes) in PaLATE. These flow charts are a visual
conceptualization of those details given in Table E.1 in Appendix E for environmental
outputs. An example of a pavement construction activity evaluated by PaLATE but
not based on equipment are those materials that draw on the Factor Information
Retrieval (FIRE) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) database that details
emissions for fly ash sintering, truck loading, truck unloading, etc. for various
materials. Materials for which PaLATE analysis evaluates that do not depend on
equipment but whose outputs are calculated according to a number of other analytical
methodologies as detailed in Table C.1 in Appendix C are shown at the bottom of each
material/process life-cycle stage under the heading “Other Materials.” Where
environmental outputs do not draw on pavement construction processes and related
equipment, commonly these outputs are based on an environmentally augmented
34
economic input-output matrix, a method characterized by the LCA community as
economic input-output life-cycle assessment (EIO-LCA). When the matrix EIO-LCA
is combined with a process LCA these is termed a hybrid LCA model. The EIO-LCA
is classified as either embedded calculations or default data calculation components and
are described as such in Table C.1 in Appendix C.
35
36
37
38
Figure 2.8
Environmental and Economic Material/Process Disaggregate Calculations, Related Equipment and/or
Related Inputs Distributed Over Life-Cycles.
39
Also shown in Figure 2.8 are the pavement construction processes and
disaggregate calculations for material/process according to the material production,
material transport, and processes PaLATE defined life-cycle stages. Again, as stated
above the disposal life-cycle was shown to demonstrate that PaLATE calculates for
transport legs leading to the disposal site which can include a recycling plant or landfill.
Additionally, PaLATE looks at end-of-life options such as in-place recycling,
something considered by the LCA community as a closed-loop in that materials do not
cross the product boundary (LCA Principles and Practice 2006). The material
transport life-cycle stage is split according to those transport legs from the material
production off-site location to the project on-site location and from the project on-site
location to the off-site location such as the recycling facility or landfill.
Additionally economic material/process disaggregate calculations are
shown according to life-cycle stage to demonstrate where these calculations fall over
the material/process life-cycles. Users should note that economic outputs in the cost
worksheet are not output according to life-cycle stages. Returning to Figure 2.7 where
the product system of PaLATE is shown together with disaggregate calculation levels,
economic outputs are shown as an output of the product system. The accommodation
of economic perspectives into the LCA framework is based on the priority of the
community to create a flexible and expanding methodology such that additional
perspectives can be and are incorporated into LCA tools. Other perspectives in
addition to cost commonly seen in the LCA tools are social. Economic outputs include
net present value and annualized cost for two scenarios, a base scenario and an
alternative scenario, where both scenarios represent the same initial construction and
maintenance regime and vary based on the discount rate used. Space is provided for
40
users to calculate economic outputs including (green table) and excluding (orange
table) equipment, labor, and overhead and profit. These economic outputs are
calculated based on the life-cycle cost analysis framework (LCCA). LCCA histories
vary between the its own background, its background in the LCA community, and its
background in the United States transportation community. Generally the framework
serves as a form of cost accounting over the life-cycle of a certain asset and gained
popularity in the 1960s. The incorporation of the LCCA framework into LCA analysis
is termed integrated analysis by the LCA community. Differences between LCA and
LCCA are shown in Figure 2.9 (Norris 2001). When used in transportation, the LCCA
framework serves to compare transportation project alternatives based on agency and
user costs over the course of an asset lifetime such that the condition of the road is
maintained cost effectively and efficiently. Shown in Figure 2.10 is the cycle of
construction, deterioration, and rehabilitation that a typical transportation asset
undergoes. LCCA requires that the timing and series of maintenance and rehabilitation
activities forecasted for each transportation project be considered for cost efficient and
performance effective asset management (LCCA Primer 2002). The calculation
components relating to the economic outputs of PaLATE are described in Table C.1
and their combinations as they relate to economic outputs are shown in Table D.1. The
connection of worksheets to economic related calculation components are shown in
parenthesis in Table D.1.
41
Figure 2.9
LCA and LCCA comparison (Norris 2001).
42
Figure 2.10 Transportation Asset Lifetime (LCCA Primer 2002).
Since PaLATE calculates economic outputs for the same inputs as
performed in the environmental module of the tool, PaLATE has the potential to
indirectly produce environmental costs associated with pavement construction materials
and processes. The capability to assign environmental cost to pavement construction
materials and process is significant considering the role cost plays in the selection of
highway project details and the rarity of these values (Horvath 2004a). Possible
environmental cost determinates are shown in Figure 2.11.
43
Figure 2.11 Environmental Cost Determinates (Horvath 2004a).
2.5
Developer Example Questions
Example questions that can be answered using PaLATE as outlined by the
developers of the tool include (Horvath 2004a):
44
2.6
1.
For a particular roadway, which material is better for the
environment: concrete or asphalt?
2.
Will changing the recycled material content in a particular
pavement affect its environmental performance?
3.
Does sending demolished portions of a road to a processing
plant or to a landfill make more environmental and economic
sense?
4.
Which maintenance option(s) will minimize environmental and
economic effects? For example, should full depth reclamation be
performed instead of more frequent, smaller maintenance
procedures?
5.
Will changing the type and/or capacity of equipment used on-site
affect emissions?
Relevant Stakeholders
Audiences that may find PaLATE analysis relevant include those
communities listed in Table 2.5.
45
Table 2.5
Relevant PaLATE Stakeholders.
Relevant Stakeholders
Economic InputOutput Matrix
Material
Manufacturers and
Plants
Pavement
Construction
Pavement
Maintenance and
Preservation
Economics
Perpetual pavements
Environment
Environmental
Supply Chain
Management
Environmental
Systems Analysis
Life-Cycle
Assessment
Life-Cycle Cost
Analysis
Recycling
Asset Management
Construction
2.7
Transportation
Transportation
Sustainability
Urban Planning
Waste Management
Limitations, Uncertainty, and Assumptions
Limitations, uncertainty, and assumptions related to PaLATE are
documented throughout Microsoft® Excel worksheets either within cells or in the form
of developer comments. Depending on the product system defined by the user the
relevant limitations, uncertainty, and assumptions characterizing PaLATE will vary
according to the associated calculation components, data, etc. The comprehensive
documentation of each of these is outside the scope of this document; the thesis aims to
provide users with tool understanding and knowledge such that the relevant limitations,
uncertainty, and assumptions associated with PaLATE can be detected by users on
46
their own. Shown in Figure 2.12 is a flow chart cited by PaLATE developers
demonstrating some sources of uncertainty having to do with the LCA methodology.
A flow chart of data sources to PaLATE created by PaLATE developers is shown in
Figure 2.13. Demonstrated in Figure 2.14 is the influence data availability has on the
product system analyzed by the assessment.
Figure 2.12 Possibility of Uncertainty Related to LCA (Horvath 2004a).
47
Figure 2.13 PaLATE Data Sources (Horvath 2004a).
48
Figure 2.14 LCA Goal Definition and Scoping Data Issues (DANTES 2006).
2.8
Customization
In light of the number of PaLATE limitations, uncertainties, and
assumptions existing in PaLATE, together with the variation in pavement construction
projects that exists, developers aimed to create a tool comprehensive but flexible pad
(Horvath 2004a). Users are encouraged to enter values where existing default data is
insufficient. The customization of PaLATE is the key to the full utilization of this tool
49
by the pavement construction community. User ability to customize PaLATE is limited
by tool understanding, which this thesis aims to facilitate.
2.9
Niches
Briefly stated here, PaLATE serves a number of niches relating to a diverse
set of communities. These niches are further discussed in chapter four where the
contexts of the tool are addressed.
1.
An application of the life-cycle assessment framework to
pavement construction.
2.
The tool performs integrated economic and environmental
evaluations such that PaLATE has the potential to assign
environmental cost to pavement construction materials and
processes.
3.
Analysis is performed at the project-level.
4.
Pavement life-cycle stages considered are the initial construction
and maintenance pavement life-cycle stages.
5.
Environmental evaluations include a diverse set of outputs
beyond conventional considerations for energy consumption and
a standard set of emissions.
6.
A diversity of pavement construction materials and processes are
considered including both primary and secondary.
7.
Calculations are performed at a disaggregate level according to
pavement construction material and activity.
8.
Disaggregate calculations are performed according to pavement
construction materials and associated construction processes and
for construction process standard to pavement construction
independent of materials used.
9.
Disaggregate calculations draw on a number of analytical
methodologies including an environmentally augmented
economic input-output matrix (relating to the hybrid nature of
50
the tool that combines a matrix LCA with that of a process LCA
as termed by the LCA community), equipment, etc.
10.
Data included in the tool comprises a multidisciplinary set
(environment, material science, equipment, etc.) of values
gathered from a number of literature reviews, online databases,
online LCA tools, etc.
51
Chapter 3
USING PALATE: AN EXERCISE
In this chapter users are walked through a series of questions that analyze
and compare the environmental and economic impacts associated with three scenarios
for a new asphalt pavement construction project: those impacts common or
fundamental to all new asphalt pavement construction projects (base scenario), impacts
associated with the use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in a new asphalt pavement
project (alternative scenario 1), and impacts associated with the use of virgin materials
in a new asphalt pavement project (alternative scenario 2). In this exercise, Pavement
Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects (PaLATE) is
used to evaluate each of the scenarios where PaLATE calculates environmental and
economic impacts for highway projects as covered in chapter two according to a
number of primary and secondary oriented pavement construction materials and
processes. Environmental and economic impacts, which make up PaLATE outputs, are
either material-dependent or material-independent. Material-dependent calculations
refers to those outputs that are tied directly to a specific pavement construction
material, as in the case of alternative 1 (RAP) and alternative 2 (virgin aggregates).
Examples include RAP milling for the preparation of the material off-site for project
use. Material-independent calculations refer to those outputs that are common
calculations for each pavement construction project analyzed in PaLATE regardless of
what material is utilized. Examples include the pavement of hot-mix asphalt (HMA).
52
The base scenario is representative of these outputs. Further explanation of scenarios
is covered later.
3.1
Inspiration and Intent
While the analysis using PaLATE performed in this exercise could be re-
characterized as a case study that is not the reason for the exercise. The purpose is to
demonstrate, (1) how to use PaLATE using a series of questions and through the
documentation of necessary user thought processes throughout the exercise, and (2)
the utility of the tool for the environmental and economic evaluation of pavement
construction projects. Intended audiences are prospective users (recognizing the
exercise will predominantly be different than those intended uses of PaLATE by a
number of communities) and individuals in academia searching for a thus natured
addition to curriculum course work.
3.2
Scope
Analysis is conducted for wearing course 1 and subbase 1 pavement
structure layers for the initial pavement life-cycle stage. The pavement structure layers
of the pavement section are shown in Figure 3.1. The pavement life-cycle is shown in
Figure 3.2. Economic outputs are not evaluated numerically given the deficit of default
values housed in PaLATE relating to this module. Questions 1 to 3 will produce a lifecycle inventory (LCI) table relating to the life-cycle inventory (LCI) LCA phase. It is
recommended that users read questions 4 to 7, as the answer to these questions depend
on the manipulation of data collected in questions 1 to 3 such that questions 4 to 7 will
determine the format of the LCI table constructed as a result of questions 1 to 3.
Questions 8 to 17 are reflective and opinion.
53
Figure 3.1
PaLATE Pavement Structure Layers.
Figure 3.2
Pavement life-cycle stages for the pavement section.
3.4
Exercise Questions
Questions 1 To 3 – Data Collection
1.
What are the environmental and economic impacts of basic
pavement construction project processes?
54
2.
What are the environmental and economic impacts that result
when highway projects utilize RAP?
3.
What are the environmental and economic impacts that result
when highway projects utilize virgin materials?
Questions 4 To 7 – Analysis
4.
What is the difference in environmental impacts according to
wearing course 1 (WC1), subbase 1 (SB1), material production
(MP), material transport (MT), processes (Pro), and totals
between the use of RAP (alternative 1) and those common to
highway projects (base)? What do these differences represent?
How do they compare among structure layers, among life-cycle
stages, and among all of them? Also, discuss how economic
outputs are calculated.
5.
What is the difference in environmental impacts according to
wearing course 1 (WC1), subbase 1 (SB1), material production
(MP), material transport (MT), processes (Pro), and totals
between the use of virgin materials (alternative 2) and those
common to highway projects (base)? What do these differences
represent? How do they compare among structure layers,
among life-cycle stages, and among all of them? Also, discuss
how economic outputs are calculated.
6.
Compare answers to questions 4 and 5.
7.
What is the difference in environmental impacts according to
wearing course 1 (WC1), subbase 1 (SB1), material production
(MP), material transport (MT), processes (Pro), and totals
between impacts resulting from the use of RAP (alternative 1)
and virgin materials (alternative 2)? What do these differences
represent? How do they compare among structure layers,
among life-cycle stages, and among all of them? Also, discuss
how economic outputs are calculated.
To calculate the percent differences between the use of RAP and
the use of virgin materials, the impacts for the base and
alternative scenarios associated with each should be summed
(base alt 1 + alt 1, base alt 2 + alt 2) and then the percent
difference taken. Students can decide if they want to include
those impacts associated with wearing course base scenarios
55
since these impacts are the same given the similar density for the
pavement construction layer based on the composition
assumption as discussed earlier.
Questions 8 To 14 - Reflective
8.
What are the difficulties in comparing outputs – both
environmental and economic?
9.
How does the manifestation of recycling materials in PaLATE
analysis differ than that of conventional materials?
10.
How are calculations in PaLATE performed differently for
wearing course and subbase pavement structure layers?
11.
What calculation components have a large impact on outputs?
12.
What are some good next steps to check this analysis?
13.
Give one method PaLATE performs in order to keep from
double counting in the aggregation of outputs on the
environmental results worksheet.
14A.
If disposal is featured as a material/process life-cycle stage in
Figure 3.3 why does it not appear in data collection?
14B.
How can PaLATE be used to look at the disposal life-cycle
environmentally as opposed to economically defined
transportation legs? (HINT: Look in the maintenance
worksheet.)
Questions 15 To 17 - Opinion
15.
If you had to conduct one more analysis using PaLATE, what
would you do? Flip through the tool and try to address as many
characteristics of the tool as possible in your answer (i.e. be
detailed – what activities, what equipment, what materials, what
pavement structure layer, what life-cycle, what
environmental/economic output, what data values, what
worksheets … the options are endless!).
16.
Rate this exercise in its clarity. Define your scale for judgment.
56
17.
3.5
If you were given only the Microsoft® Excel file to PaLATE
how would you go about understanding the tool and
documenting it for other users?
Answering the Questions
Questions 1 to 3 are answered through data collection. Questions 4 to 7
are answered through the manipulation of data collected in questions 1 to 3. The
remaining questions are reflective and opinion.
3.5.1 Questions 1 To 3 - Data Collection
These questions are answered through data collection. Prior to beginning
data collection users should know what data inputs are required, where inputs will be
entered, what the environmental and economic outputs will be, where to find these
outputs, PaLATE modifications that will need to take place before data collection, and
optional methods for familiarizing yourself with PaLATE. Each of these points is
described in the following paragraphs.
Inputs are made by users in the initial construction and equipment
worksheets. The initial construction and equipment worksheets are described in Table
3.1. The scenario being analyzed– base scenario, alternative 1, or alternative 2 –
determines where inputs will be made in these worksheets. Inputs include material
volumes, transport distance, transport mode selection, and equipment selection. It is
assumed that material volumes will always be (or total as in the case of subbase
materials) 10,000 cubic yards. Transport distance relates to the average distance from
off-site processes to the project site which is assumed to be 43.5 miles. Dump truck
should be selected as the transport mode where applicable. This selection also is
commonly the default selection. Equipment selections for equipment models already
57
highlighted in the equipment worksheet should be accepted. Material volume inputs
will always be made in the new asphalt pavement column. At the same time, users
should note that PaLATE outputs in the environmental results worksheet and cost
worksheet (described later) are calculated based on a summation of the following
columns: new asphalt pavement, new concrete pavement, and new subbase &
embankment construction – which exist to facilitate tool user-friendly formatting.
Therefore, where you enter material volumes does not really matter.
58
Table 3.1
PaLATE Worksheets Used Frequently for Data Input.
Worksheets
(In Order As
They Appear
In PaLATE)
Initial
Construction
Equipment
Brief Description
Users enter material volumes, one-way transport distance, and
transport mode according to pavement structure layer (row
structure) and project type (column structure). Material
volumes are summed for all columns. These sums are what the
two output worksheets (environmental results worksheet and
cost worksheet) in the application draw on for material
volumes. Material volumes and transport mode make up
various "calculations components" used to describe calculations
in this thesis described in the economic and environmental
calculation components tables. How these calculation
components are connected to outputs are shown in the
economic and environmental upper level grids. While this
worksheet acts as an input worksheet it also performs a number
of calculations off to the right of input columns. These have to
do with the material transport life-cycle stage and its resulting
outputs.
Users select from a set of equipment models for each pavement
construction activity. Pavement construction activities depend
either on a certain material or are calculated according to total
materials used in each pavement structure layer, and therefore
are independent of material type used. To the right of user
selection columns, a number of calculations regarding
equipment performance are conducted based according to data
included in the equipment details worksheet. These calculations
are utilized by the environmental results worksheet. Users can
disable an activity through the selection of "none" and add
equipment associated with an activity through the selection of
"other" and modifications made to the equipment details
worksheet.
Where and how data is collected by users is determined by the disaggregate
calculations performed by PaLATE. Disaggregate calculations are shown in Figure
3.3. Outlined by the dashed line in Figure 3.3 is the product system for the exercise. In
Figure 3.3 it is shown how calculations are broken down into disaggregate levels for
59
the product system where levels are the pavement life-cycle stage, material/process lifecycle stages, pavement structure layer, and the disaggregate material/process
calculations and their related “calculation components.” “Calculation components” is a
term specific to this thesis, where one of the goals of the paper was to break PaLATE
into calculation components to facilitate tool transparency. Calculation components
are combined in various was to produce outputs. To collect data, users are concerned
with the lowest level of disaggregate calculations – the material/process disaggregate
calculations and the calculation components. Material/process disaggregate calculation
headings shown in the cost and environmental results worksheets are shown in Figure
3.4 for the base scenario, Figure 3.5 for the alternative 1 scenario, and Figure 3.6 for
the alternative 2 scenario. Users will record numerical values for environmental
outputs according to these headings and describe how cost outputs are calculated
based on these headings. The cost and environmental results worksheets are described
in Table 3.2. These outputs make up the data collection to questions 1 to 3. The cost
worksheet headings are found at the top of the green and orange tables to the base
scenario. This exercise does not concern the alternative scenario featured on the cost
worksheet. For more information on the alternative scenario as it is defined in the cost
worksheet users can see Table 3.2. In this exercise, we are only concerned with the
base scenario tables labeled in the cost worksheet. Further, for the base scenario in the
cost worksheet, those outputs that users are concerned with in this exercise correspond
only with year 0 as the exercise is conducted only for an initial construction new
asphalt pavement project. Therefore, a maintenance schedule does not exist. The
focus again is to describe how economic outputs are calculated recognizing the lack of
data included in PaLATE and the detailed information required from users to
60
implement this portion of the tool. For the base scenario tables in the cost worksheet,
green tables represent space where users can include the costs for equipment, labor,
and overhead and profit, where as in the orange table these values are calculated
separately.
Headings for the environmental outputs are found in the environmental
results worksheet in the tables to the very lower right. Here is where calculations are
performed at their most disaggregate level according to pavement life-cycle stage,
pavement structure layer, and the material production, material transport, and process
material/process life-cycle stages. The table that exists above these sub tables at the
very top right hand side, sums the outputs for materials/process disaggregate
calculations according to pavement structure layer. This table is then summed to
produce the table in the upper left-hand side of the environmental results worksheet.
Where and how data is collected is based on these disaggregate calculations in that to
analyze the difference scenarios data needs to be recorded at the most disaggregate
level of calculations. Users should note that Microsoft® Excel formulas and
calculations do not exist for all materials and/or all economic and environmental
outputs, even where space is provided. Where calculations and formulas are absent
and/or missing, these blocks are filled in gray. Details for each scenario are discussed
later detailing as to why the base scenario is regarded as material-independent and the
alternative scenarios are regarded as material-dependent.
61
Figure 3.3
PaLATE LCA Product System and Disaggregate Calculations.
62
Table 3.2
PaLATE Worksheets Used Frequently for Data Output Collection.
Worksheets
(In Order As
They Appear
In PaLATE)
Cost ($)
Environmental
Results
Brief Description
Contains four calculation tables - one green and orange table
assigned to a base scenario and one green and orange table
assigned to an alternative scenario. Scenarios represent a
combination of initial construction material volumes and
maintenance schedules. These scenarios differ only in their
discount rate. NPV and annualized costs are calculated for
each. Green tables provide space where labor, equipment, and
overhead & profit are to be included in annual unit costs to
determine annual actual costs. Orange tables provide space
where labor, equipment, and overhead & profit are not to be
included in annual actual costs. Similarities exist between
headings for each table, though calculations are meant to be
different. Expected values for each heading are provided based
according to an extensive amount of data located in the cost
data worksheet. These expected values are for perspective and
are not included in calculations. The cost worksheet draws on
"summary tables" in the cost data worksheet, in which some
cells are blank leaving the users to select from the information
in the cost data worksheet what is most suitable and fill the
tables themselves. This relates to the customizability of the
tool and the goals of developers.
Calculates environmental outputs at several levels.
Disaggregate tables are located to the right bottom portion of
the worksheet according to pavement life-cycle stage (initial
construction and maintenance), pavement structure layer and
life-cycle stage (material production, material transport, and
processes) for each material and construction process. These
are summed to right on the upper portion. Final summations
are presented in a third table on the left upper portion. Unit
conversions exist throughout calculations and are inconsistent
of location between environmental outputs. Graphical
representations are provided.
63
Figure 3.4
Material/process Disaggregate Calculations For Base Scenario.
64
Figure 3.5
Material/process Disaggregate Calculations For Alternative 1.
65
Figure 3.6
Material/process Disaggregate Calculations For Alternative 2.
66
In addition to finding where data should be collected from, some
manipulations to PaLATE are required on the environmental results worksheet. To
record human toxicity potential (HTP) for the material transport life-cycle stage, users
will need to go to the upper left hand corner summation output table. At the
disaggregate level for the material transport tables, HTP is still split according to its
three emission components labeled as the following in the environmental results
worksheet: aldehydes, benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF. This poses difficulties in recording
HTP outputs at the material/process disaggregate level. Therefore, users should cut
and paste the formula that exists for the material transport life-cycle in the upper left
hand corner summation table and paste it to the right of the aldehydes, benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF columns for both the initial construction, wearing course 1 and subbase 1
material transport tables and adjust the cell citations within the formula such that HTP
is calculated correctly at the disaggregate level.
One other suggested step for users to take before data collection that will
facilitate tool transparency is the investigation of Microsoft® Excel formulas existing in
PaLATE. Users can see these formulas by saving a separate PaLATE file, replacing
each of the “=” signs with a space using the find/replace function in PaLATE available
under the edit menu, and modifying the background color where replacements are
made (press options>format>patterns and select a color) such that users will be able to
see where formulas appear. Glossing through results, users will get a feel for tool
intricacies, worksheet connectivity, worksheet dependency, and overall calculations.
With the above given information relating to user inputs and location,
outputs and location, and PaLATE in general, users can begin to answer questions 1 to
3 through data collection for which the results will be what is called by the LCA
67
community a life-cycle inventory (LCI) table. The LCI table relates to the life-cycle
inventory LCA phase.
1.
What are the environmental and economic impacts of basic
pavement construction project processes?
2.
What are the environmental and economic impacts that result
when highway projects utilize RAP?
3.
What are the environmental and economic impacts that result
when highway projects utilize virgin materials?
Step 1: Formulating the LCI Table:
The environmental LCI table results should look similar to Figure 3.3.
68
Table 3.3
Scenario/De
nsity
(Reason for
density)
Skeleton Environmental LCI Table.
Pavem
ent
Struct
ure
Layer
LifeCycle
Stage
Connect
ed
Inputs
(Calculat
ion
Compon
ent)
Input:
WC1
Base
Total:
Scenario For Wearin Material
Asphalt
Alternative
g
Productio
mix to
1, Density = Course n
site
1.23 (WC)
(Materia
l Totals)
Base
Scenario For
Material
Subbas
Alternative
Productio
e
1, Density =
n
1.85 (RAP)
Input:
WC1
Base
Total:
Scenario For Wearin
Material
Asphalt
Alternative
g
Transport mix to
1, Density = Course
site
1.23 (WC)
(Materia
l Totals)
Base
Scenario For
Subbas Material
Alternative
e
Transport
1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
Material/Proce
ss
Disaggregate
Calculations
Column for each: Energy
(MJ), Water Consumption
(g), CO2 (kg), NOx (g),
PM-10 (g), SO2 (g), CO
(g), Hg (g), Pb (g), RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated (g), HTP
Cancer (g), HTP Non
Cancer (g)
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Hot-mix
Asphalt (Initial
Construction)/
Total: Hot-Mix
Asphalt To
Site
(Maintenance)
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
69
Input:
WC1
Base
Total:
Scenario For Wearin
Asphalt
Alternative
g
Processes
mix to
1, Density = Course
site
1.23 (WC)
(Materia
l Totals)
Input:
SB1
Total:
Base
Subbase
Scenario For
1
Subbas
Alternative
Processes materials
e
1, Density =
to site
1.85 (RAP)
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
WC1
Base
Total:
Scenario For Wearin Material
Asphalt
Alternative
g
Productio
mix to
2, Density = Course n
site
1.23 (WC)
(Materia
l Totals)
Base
Scenario For
Material
Alternative
Subbas
Productio
2, Density = e
n
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Input:
WC1
Base
Total:
Scenario For Wearin
Material
Asphalt
Alternative
g
Transport mix to
2, Density = Course
site
1.23 (WC)
(Materia
l Totals)
Paving HMA
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Rock, Gravel,
Sand, And Soil
Placing And
Compaction
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Hot-mix
Asphalt (Initial
Construction)/
Total: Hot-Mix
Asphalt To
Site
(Maintenance)
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
70
Base
Scenario For
Alternative
Subbas Material
2, Density = e
Transport
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Input:
WC1
Base
Total:
Scenario For Wearin
Asphalt
Alternative
g
Processes
mix to
2, Density = Course
site
1.23 (WC)
(Materia
l Totals)
Input:
SB1
Base
Total:
Scenario For
Subbase
Alternative
Subbas
Processes 1
2, Density = e
materials
1.56 (Virgin
to site
Materials)
(Materia
l Totals)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
Paving HMA
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Rock, Gravel,
Sand, And Soil
Placing And
Compaction
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Input:
WC1
RAP
Wearin Material
Transpo
g
Productio rtation
RAP Milling
Course n
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling
Subbas
RAP to
Productio plant
e
recycling plant
n
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
71
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Alternative
1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
Material
Subbas
Productio
e
n
Wearin
Material
g
Transport
Course
Wearin
Material
g
Transport
Course
Subbas Material
e
Transport
Input:
SB1
RAP
from
recycling
plant to
site
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
WC1
RAP
Transpo
rtation
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
WC1
RAP
from site
to
landfill
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1
RAP to
recycling
plant
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
RAP from
recycling plant
to site
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
RAP
Transportation
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
RAP From Site
To Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations
not included in
ultimate sum)
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
RAP To
calculations are not
Recycling Plant performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
72
Alternative
1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Alternative
1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Input:
SB1
RAP
from
recycling
Subbas Material
plant to
e
Transport
site
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1
RAP
from site
Subbas Material
to
e
Transport landfill
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Wearin
g
Processes
Course
Numerical Values go here.
RAP From
Some will be blank as
Recycling Plant calculations are not
To Site
performed in PaLATE for
(Crushing)
some environmental
outputs.
RAP From Site
To Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations
not included in
ultimate sum)
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Virgin
Aggregate
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Subbas
Processes
e
Input:
WC1
Virgin
Wearin Material
Aggrega
g
Productio te
Course n
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
73
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Material
Subbas
Productio
e
n
Material
Subbas
Productio
e
n
Material
Subbas
Productio
e
n
Material
Subbas
Productio
e
n
Wearin
Material
g
Transport
Course
Subbas Material
e
Transport
Input:
SB1
Rock
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1
Gravel
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1
Sand
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1 Soil
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
WC1
Virgin
Aggrega
te
(Materia
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1
Rock
(Materia
l
Volume
Rock
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Gravel
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Sand
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Soil
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Virgin
Aggregate
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Rock
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
74
Inputs)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Alternative
2, Density =
1.56 (Virgin
Materials)
Input:
SB1
Gravel
Subbas Material
(Materia Gravel
e
Transport
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1
Sand
Subbas Material
(Materia Sand
e
Transport
l
Volume
Inputs)
Input:
SB1 Soil
Subbas Material
(Materia
Soil
e
Transport l
Volume
Inputs)
Wearin
g
Processes
Course
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Numerical Values go here.
Some will be blank as
calculations are not
performed in PaLATE for
some environmental
outputs.
Subbas
Processes
e
For each output heading in Table 3.3 the pavement structure layer and life-
cycle stage (material production, material transport, and processes) are retained. This
is useful in responding to questions 4 to 7 in which data collected will need to be
manipulated to draw comparisons between scenarios.
75
Further, users will notice that there is a column titled “scenario/density
(reason for density)” in Table 3.3. This column recognizes that (1) calculations are
performed differently for wearing course and subbase layers such that there are
different densities that need to be considered for wearing course layers for each
scenario and subbase layers for each scenario, and (2) that in questions 4 to 7
differences between the alternative scenarios and base scenario are required such that
these differences will need to be taken with consideration for the different densities.
For correct comparison, a base scenario will need to be calculated corresponding to the
wearing course density of 1.23 tons per cubic yard (calculated regardless of material
used based on an assumed wearing course composition of 95% virgin aggregates and
5% bitumen), the subbase RAP density of 1.85 tons per cubic yard, and the subbase
virgin materials density of 1.56 tons per cubic yard (which is a density calculated
according to a material volume of 2,500 cubic yards for rock, gravel, sand, and soil
where material volumes for the subbase layer totals 10,000 cubic yards). The base
scenario impacts calculated for wearing course alternative 1 and wearing course
alternative 2 will be the same. This has to do with the assumption related to the
composition of the pavement structure layer. The base scenario subbase impacts
calculated for alternative 1 and alternative 2 will be different. The subbase densities
vary between RAP and virgin aggregates because PaLATE does not assume a subbase
pavement structure layer composition as it does for the wearing course layers. Instead
the layer density is based on the mixture of materials used.
The column “connected inputs (calculation component)” refers to those
inputs in the initial construction worksheet that the output draws on. Alternative 1 and
alternative 2 impacts are associated with a specific heading and material where as base
76
scenario impacts are associated with a summation of material used. These are
represented by a “total” in the input heading. For example: “Total: Asphalt Mix to
site” or “Total: Subbase materials to site.” It is this characteristic of base scenario
input headings that determines these calculations as independent of materials and
therefore, common among highway projects. These input headings are connected to
highway processes such as HMA paving, where as material specific input headings (as
used in alternative 1 and alternative 2) are connected to processes associated with a
material such as RAP milling. To demonstrate the difference in how calculations are
performed in PaLATE (material-dependent or material-independent) each of these
headings were described using a different “calculation component.” “Calculation
components” is a term specific to this thesis. One goal of the thesis has to do with the
break down of PaLATE into calculation components to demonstrate tool transparency.
Material-dependent associated calculation components are “material volume inputs”
calculation components. Material-independent associated calculation components are
“material totals” calculation components. The descriptions of calculation components
are given in Table C.1 in Appendix C. The material volume inputs and material totals
calculation components as described in Appendix C are shown in Table 3.4. Users
should note that a number of calculation components exist and are classified according
to user inputs/selections where users either input values (i.e. material volumes) or select
from a number of options (i.e. equipment models associated with a pavement
construction activity), embedded calculations where PaLATE draws on a number of
default data parameters to produce the calculation component (i.e. material totals
represent a summation of all material volumes), default data (i.e. leaching potentials in
the determination of HTP), and outputs (i.e. environmental and economic outputs).
77
Calculation components are important because it is the combination of these
components that go into each PaLATE calculation to produce outputs. Calculation
component combinations for both environmental and economic outputs relating to this
exercise are documented in Table G.1 in Appendix G and Table H.1 in Appendix H.
Table 3.4
Material Volume Inputs For Material Dependent Calculations and
Material Totals For Material Independent Calculations.
Calculation
Component
Material
Volume
Inputs
Material
Totals
Major
Component
Corresponding Explanation
Type
Worksheets
Utilized by all environmental outputs.
Utilized by green table economic outputs.
Names for material volume inputs differ from
Initial
disaggregate calculations that exist, despite
User Input Construction,
these disaggregate calculations being
Maintenance
performed mainly according to pavement
construction material. That is why shown to
demonstrate input and output connectivity.
Those variables in the initial construction and
maintenance worksheets that are totals of
materials used in each pavement structure
layer. Calculations performed based on these
parameters are independent of material type.
Include: Total: Hot-mix asphalt to site, Total:
Initial
Embedded
Ready-mix concrete mix to site, and Total:
Construction,
Calculation
Subbase materials to site. To utilize these
Maintenance
calculations users can either allow PaLATE to
perform summations or manipulate the
application by replacing the summation
formula - in this regard these cells can
represent a user input as opposed to an
embedded calculation.
One last thing worth noting is the method used in PaLATE to prevent
double counting. This also lends itself to understanding out disaggregate calculations
78
are summed in PaLATE on the environmental results worksheet. In Table 3.3, the
Skeleton Environmental LCI Table, under the heading “RAP from site to landfill”
appears “disaggregate calculations not included in the ultimate sum.” This row of
environmental outputs associated with “RAP from site to landfill” in the environmental
results worksheet are not summed in the overall summation of disaggregate
calculations (i.e. summation of lower right tables to the upper right table to the upper
left table) to prevent double counting. This has to do with environmental outputs
produced for the following headings “RAP to the recycling plant” and “RAP from the
recycling plant.” In the event that RAP is shipped from the project site to a recycling
plant after the project, then the inclusion of RAP to landfill is double counting. In the
event that RAP is shipped from a previous project site to a recycling plant for
preparation for the current project than land filling as an end-of-life option still exists.
Users need to be aware of what disaggregate calculations go into aggregated outputs
when recording results.
The economic LCI table results should look similar to Table 3.5.
Economic outputs differ from environmental outputs in that they can be the result of
two different input cells from the initial construction worksheet. For example, the
economic outputs associated with the heading “RAP from asphalt plant” in the cost
worksheet is based on both the “RAP transportation” input for the wearing course
pavement structure layer and the “RAP from recycling plant to site” input for the
subbase pavement structure layer. Users should be aware of this when determining
economic results.
79
Table 3.5
Skeleton Economic LCI Table.
Green
Scenario/Density
(Reason for
density)
Pavement
Structure
Layer
(Not
directly
output in
this form
in the cost
worksheet
but
indirectly
can be
classified)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Wearing
Course
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 1
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Initial
Construction
Net Present
Value
Initial
Construction
Annualized
Cost
Installed Asphalt
Paving Cost
Installed Asphalt
Paving Cost
Discussion
Installed Subbase & Goes Here.
Embankment
All
Construction Cost
calculated
the same.
Installed Subbase &
Embankment
Construction Cost
RAP from site to
landfill
(transportation &
disposal cost) (RAP
80
Discussion
Goes Here.
All
calculated
the same.
Alternative 1
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
All Alternative 1
Scenarios
Subbase
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from site to
landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from site to
landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
from site to landfill
- WC1, RAP from
site to landfill SB1)
Outputs actually not
produced - provides space
RAP from site to
for user. Comparing this
landfill
parameter with the "RAP
(transportation &
from site to landfill" can
disposal cost) (RAP
demonstrate the avoided
from site to landfill
costs associated with
- WC1, RAP from
shipping materials to a
site to landfill recycling facility as opposed
SB1)
to a landfill (given avoided
tipping fees).
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
RAP from site to
recycling facility
(transportation &
handling/processing
revenue [-] or cost
[+])
Outputs actually not
produced - provides space
for user. Comparing this
parameter with the "RAP
from site to landfill" can
demonstrate the avoided
costs associated with
shipping materials to a
recycling facility as opposed
to a landfill (given avoided
tipping fees).
Pavement
Structure
Layer
(Not
directly
output in
this form
in the cost
worksheet
but
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Net Present
Value
Orange
Scenario/Density
(Reason for
density)
81
Annualized
Cost
indirectly
can be
classified)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Transportatio
n (Material
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from recycling
plant to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Transportatio
n (Material
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from recycling
plant to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Virgin Aggregate
RAP from Asphalt
plant
RAP from Asphalt
plant
82
Discussion
Goes Here.
All
calculated
the same.
Discussion
Goes Here.
All
calculated
the same.
Alternative 1
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
All Scenarios
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
All Scenarios
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill,
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill,
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
RAP from site to
landfill
(transportation &
disposal cost)
RAP from site to
landfill
(transportation &
disposal cost)
Rock
Gravel
Sand
Soil
Labor
Equipment
83
All Scenarios
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
Overhead & Profit
Cost
In the following steps users are instructed on inputs that need to be made
and the corresponding outputs that need to be measured. This process is confusing
because for any one user input, outputs are recorded for different scenarios and in
different disaggregate calculations in the right hand lower side of the environmental
results worksheet. Clarifications are made using the first columns in Table 3.3 and
Table 3.5.
Step 2: Scenarios Connected to RAP – Wearing Course
Input 10,000 cubic yards for WC1, new asphalt pavement in the RAP
transportation corresponding cell. Enter 43.5 miles for the one-way transport distance
and make sure the dump truck transport mode is selected for RAP transportation as
well as for Total: asphalt mix to site. In the equipment worksheet accept all equipment
models that are already highlighted. In LCI tables record those results found in the
environmental results worksheet and cost worksheet that meet the following criteria:
1.
Scenario/Density: Base scenario for alternative 1 density = 1.23
(WC), Alternative 1 Density = 1.23 (WC)
2.
Pavement Structure Layer: Wearing Course
3.
Connected Inputs: WC1 RAP Transportation, WC1 Total:
Asphalt Mix to site
Input 10,000 cubic yards for WC1, new asphalt pavement in the RAP from
site to landfill corresponding cell. Enter 43.5 miles for the one-way transport distance
and make sure the dump truck transport mode is selected. In the equipment worksheet
84
accept all equipment models that are already highlighted. In LCI tables record those
results found in the environmental results worksheet and cost worksheet that meet the
following criteria:
1.
Scenario/Density: Alternative 1 Density = 1.23 (WC)
2.
Pavement Structure Layer: Wearing Course
3.
Connected Inputs: WC1 RAP from site to landfill
Step 3: Clear All Inputs:
Clear each of the inputs just made in step 2 relating to material volume and
transport distance.
Step 4: Scenarios Connected to RAP – Subbase
Input 10,000 cubic yards for SB1, new subbase and embankment
construction in the RAP to recycling plant and RAP from recycling plant to site
transportation corresponding cells. (The reason you can input 10,000 cubic yards for
both rows and not have to worry about the final summation made for the “Total :
Subbase 1 materials to site” has to do with the fact that PaLATE does not account for
both RAP to recycling plant and RAP from recycling plant to site in this summation.)
For each and also for total: subbase 1 materials to site, enter 43.5 miles for the one-way
transport distance and make sure the dump truck transport mode is selected. In the
equipment worksheet accept all equipment models that are already highlighted. In LCI
tables record those results found in the environmental results worksheet and cost
worksheet that meet the following criteria:
1.
Scenario/Density: Base Scenario For Alternative 1, Density =
1.85 (RAP)
85
2.
Pavement Structure Layer: Subbase
3.
Connected Inputs: SB1 Total: Subbase 1 materials to site, SB1
RAP to recycling plant, SB1 RAP from recycling plant to site
Input 10,000 cubic yards for SB1, new subbase and embankment
construction in the RAP from site to landfill corresponding cell. Enter 43.5 miles for
the one-way transport distance and make sure the dump truck transport mode is
selected. In the equipment worksheet accept all equipment models that are already
highlighted. In LCI tables record those results found in the environmental results
worksheet and cost worksheet that meet the following criteria:
1.
Scenario/Density: Alternative 1, Density = 1.85 (RAP)
2.
Pavement Structure Layer: Subbase
3.
Connected Inputs: SB1 RAP from site to landfill
Step 5: Clear All Inputs:
Clear each of the inputs just made in step 4 relating to material volume and
transport distance.
Step 6: Scenarios Connected to Virgin Materials – Wearing Course
Input 10,000 cubic yards for WC1, new asphalt pavement in the Virgin
Aggregate corresponding cell. Enter 43.5 miles for the one-way transport distance and
make sure the dump truck transport mode is selected for virgin aggregate and for total:
asphalt mix to site. In the equipment worksheet accept all equipment models that are
already highlighted. In LCI tables record those results found in the environmental
results worksheet and cost worksheet that meet the following criteria:
86
1.
Scenario/Density: Base Scenario For Alternative 2 Density =
1.23 (WC), Alternative 2, Density = 1.23 (WC)
2.
Pavement Structure Layer: Wearing Course
3.
Connected Inputs: WC1 Total: Asphalt mix to site, WC1 Virgin
Aggregate
Step 7: Clear All Inputs:
Clear each of the inputs just made in step 2 relating to material volume and
transport distance.
Step 8: Scenarios Connected to Virgin Materials – Subbase
Input 2,500 cubic yards for SB1, new subbase and embankment
construction in the rock, gravel, sand, and soil corresponding cells. For each, enter
43.5 miles for the one-way transport distance and make sure the dump truck transport
mode is selected. In the equipment worksheet accept all equipment models that are
already highlighted. In LCI tables record those results found in the environmental
results worksheet and cost worksheet that meet the following criteria:
1.
Scenario/Density: Base Scenario For Alternative 2 Density =
1.56, Alternative 2 Density = 1.56
2.
Pavement Structure Layer: Subbase
3.
Connected Inputs: SB1 Total: Subbase 1 materials to site, SB1
Rock, SB1 Gravel, SB1 Soil, SB1 Sand
Data collection is complete. It should be noted that for the alternative 2
outputs relating the disaggregate use of rock, gravel, sand, and soil – each of the
outputs will need to be summed in order to know the comparable environmental
impacts of subbase virgin material impacts. This has to do with that for each only
87
2,500 cubic yards of material were entered as opposed to 10,000 for other materials.
This will be further addressed in answering questions 4 to 6. Completed LCI
environmental and economic tables are shown in Table F.1 in and Table F.2 in
Appendix F.
3.5.2 Questions 4 To 7 - Analysis
These questions are meant to be for analysis through the manipulation and
comparison of data collected in questions 1 to 3 according to pavement structure layer,
material/process life-cycle, and totals. Environmental results will be numerically
calculated for comparison using percent differences and economic results will be
compared qualitatively. General steps for setting up the environmental tables for
percent differences to be taken follow where differences will need to be taken between
alternative 1 and the base alternative 1 scenario (question 4), alternative 2 and the base
alternative 2 scenario (question 5), and the summation of impacts associated with RAP
(base plus alternative 1) and the summation of impacts associated with virgin materials
(base plus alternative 2).
One: For the environmental outputs, create summation tables for the base
scenario for alternative 1 and for alternative 1, where rows exist for the wearing
course, subbase, material production (MP), material transport (MT), processes (Pro),
and totals. An example output summation table is shown in Table 3.6 for the base
scenario taken in respect to alternative 2 where summations exist for wearing course
(WC) and subbase (SB) pavement structure layers, material production (MP), material
transport (MT), and processes (Pro) life-cycle stages, and then for totals.
88
Table 3.6
Skeleton Environmental Summation Table For Alternative 2.
Column for each: Energy (MJ),
Water Consumption (g), CO2 (kg),
NOx (g), PM-10 (g), SO2 (g), CO
(g), Hg (g), Pb (g), RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated (g),
HTP Cancer (g), HTP Non Cancer
(g)
Base Scenario Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) WC (Density = 1.23)
Base Scenario Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) SB (Density = 1.56)
Base Scenario Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MP
Totals for each go here.
Base Scenario Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MT
Base Scenario Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Pro
Base Scenario Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Totals
Two: Cut and paste side by side the summation tables using the transpose
function in the paste special Microsoft® Excel menu so that environmental outputs
now exist per row and scenario results are per column. Be sure to click “values” such
that only values are pasted and not formulas. Differences are ready to be taken for
environmental outputs to answer the environmental component of questions 4 and 5.
Additional calculations will be required for question 6 relating to the subbase for each
material before differences are taken. These are explained later.
4.
What is the difference in environmental impacts according to
wearing course 1 (WC1), subbase 1 (SB1), material production
(MP), material transport (MT), processes (Pro), and totals
between the use of RAP (alternative 1) and those common to
89
highway projects (base)? What do these differences represent?
How do they compare among structure layers, among life-cycle
stages, and among all of them? Also, discuss how economic
outputs are calculated.
5.
What is the difference in environmental impacts according to
wearing course 1 (WC1), subbase 1 (SB1), material production
(MP), material transport (MT), processes (Pro), and totals
between the use of virgin materials (alternative 2) and those
common to highway projects (base)? What do these differences
represent? How do they compare among structure layers,
among life-cycle stages, and among all of them? Also, discuss
how economic outputs are calculated.
6.
Compare answers to questions 4 and 5.
7.
What is the difference in environmental impacts according to
wearing course 1 (WC1), subbase 1 (SB1), material production
(MP), material transport (MT), processes (Pro), and totals
between impacts resulting from the use of RAP (alternative 1)
and virgin materials (alternative 2)? What do these differences
represent? How do they compare among structure layers,
among life-cycle stages, and among all of them? Also, discuss
how economic outputs are calculated.
To calculate the percent differences between the use of RAP and
the use of virgin materials, the impacts for the base and
alternative scenarios associated with each should be summed
(base alt 1 + alt 1, base alt 2 + alt 2) and then the percent
difference taken. Students can decide if they want to include
those impacts associated with wearing course base scenarios
since these impacts are the same given the similar density for the
pavement construction layer based on the composition
assumption as discussed earlier.
90
Figure 3.7
Percent Differences For Questions 4 to 7 and Relation to Questions 6
and 7.
SOLUTION QUESTION 4: The difference in environmental impacts
between WC1, SB1, MP, MT, Pro, and totals can be represented by the percent change
between alternative 1 and base scenario alternative 1 environmental outputs. Percent
differences between the base alternative 1 and alternative 1 are shown in Figure 3.7
based on the following equation: (Alt 1 - Base)/Base)*100. These differences represent
how much more or less environmental impacts associated with RAP are to those
impacts that are basic to highway projects. If environmental impacts fundamental to
highway projects is a certain amount (this amount being the standard environmental
impact expected from highway projects regardless of material used) and the use of
91
RAP is significantly higher than that in comparison than the choice to use RAP in a
highway project is significant. To compare between WC and SB, and MP, MT, and
Pro we need to compare Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5 to see (1) the number of
disaggregate calculations that go into each, and (2) and in order to know where to look
in Table G.1 in Appendix G and Table H.1 in Appendix H to see what those
disaggregate calculations are made of in terms of calculation components. Users can
also find the explanation of calculation components in Table C.1 in Appendix C and the
explanation of worksheets that are connected to calculation components in Table B.1 in
Appendix B. In looking at Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5 we can see that the SB
environmental impacts are considerably more as a result of the number of disaggregate
calculations considered for material RAP. The same is the case for MT. In looking to
Table H.1 in Appendix H we can see that the processes considered include HMA
production, HMA paving, RAP milling, RAP crushing, etc. Difficulties are associated
with included processes in the analysis (notice the N/A in Figure 3.7) since
disaggregate calculations do not exist for RAP. This shows difficulties with
environmentally evaluating pavement construction materials.
Looking to Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5 we can see the cost parameters
considered in PaLATE for the base scenario and the use of RAP. Looking to how
economic outputs are calculated as shown from the economic LCI tables produced by
the user in questions 1 to 3 and also shown in Table F.2 in Appendix F, we can see that
green outputs are calculated the same and orange outputs are calculated the same.
Therefore it is more important to consider the number of cost parameters rather than
how they are calculated. RAP has a considerable potential cost if all transportation legs
are utilized for the highway project given the number of cost parameters (or boxes in
92
Figure 3.5), all of which are related to transportation. At the same time the use of RAP
offers cost savings when it comes to tipping fees for the disposal life-cycle. It should
also be questioned whether or not these environmental and economic parameters
adequately or inadequately covers the life-cycle and costs associated with RAP.
SOLUTION QUESTION 5: The difference in environmental impacts
between WC1, SB1, MP, MT, Pro, and totals can be represented by the percent change
between alternative 2 and base scenario alternative 2 environmental outputs. Percent
differences between the base alternative 2 and alternative 2 are shown in Figure 3.7
based on the following equation: (Alt 2 - Base)/Base)*100. These differences represent
how much more or less environmental impacts associated with virgin materials are to
those impacts that are basic to highway projects. If environmental impacts fundamental
to highway projects is a certain amount (this amount being the standard environmental
impact expected from highway projects regardless of material used) and the use of
virgin materials is significantly higher than that in comparison than the choice to use
virgin materials in a highway project is significant. To compare between WC and SB,
and MP, MT, and Pro we need to compare Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5 to see (1) the
number of disaggregate calculations that go into each, and (2) and in order to know
where to look in Table G.1 in Appendix G and Table H.1 in Appendix H to see what
those disaggregate calculations are made of in terms of calculation components. Users
can also find the explanation of calculation components in Table C.1 in Appendix C and
the explanation of worksheets that are connected to calculation components in Table
B.1 in Appendix B. In looking at Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5 we can see that the SB
environmental impacts are considerably higher to the base scenario alternative 2
because of the number of disaggregate calculations that represent virgin materials:
93
rock, gravel, sand, and soil. Remember though, that the material volume inputs for
each of these was a quarter of that for virgin aggregates to compensate for the four
materials. At the same time the contribution of virgin aggregates in the WC
numerically represents almost two of the SB disaggregate calculations (SB %/ WC % =
4852 % / 2639 % ~ 2), demonstrating its influence. Difficulties are associated with
included processes in the analysis (notice the N/A in Figure 3.7) since disaggregate
calculations do not exist for virgin materials. This shows difficulties with
environmentally evaluating pavement construction materials.
Looking to Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.6 we can see the cost parameters
considered in PaLATE for the base scenario and the use of virgin materials. Looking
to how economic outputs are calculated as shown from the economic LCI tables
produced by the user in questions 1 to 3 and also shown in Table F.2 in Appendix F,
we can see that green outputs are calculated the same and orange outputs are
calculated the same. Therefore it is more important to consider the number of cost
parameters rather than how they are calculated. Costs associated with virgin materials,
as opposed to RAP, are based on the cost of materials, where as RAP is associated
with transportation. Transportation, at the same time has to be associated with the use
of virgin materials and the lack of these boxes in Figure 3.6 demonstrates the
limitations of using PaLATE to correctly analyze pavement construction materials.
Also, the cost of virgin materials can vary greatly depending on location such as in the
cities where restrictions and additional fees are placed on these materials to encourage
resource conservation.
SOLUTION QUESTION 6: In looking at the totals in Figure 3.7 virgin
material environmental impacts are more than those to RAP when both are calculated
94
in respect to base highway project processes. We can also see that the MT for recycled
materials is significant in the grand scheme of things. Including processes associated
with materials is difficult in that both RAP and virgin materials do not have
disaggregate calculations that pertain to this life-cycle stage.
SOLUTION QUESTION 7: The difference in environmental impacts
between WC1, SB1, MP, MT, Pro, and totals can be represented by the percent change
between alternative 2 and alternative 1 environmental outputs. Percent differences
between the base alternative 1 and alternative 1 are shown in Figure 3.7 based on the
following equation: ((RAP - Virgin Materials)/Virgin Materials)*100). These differences
represent how much more or less environmental impacts associated with RAP are to
those impacts that are associated to virgin materials demonstrating the environmental
significance of choosing one over the other. To compare between WC and SB, and
MP, MT, and Pro we need to compare Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5 to see (1) the number
of disaggregate calculations that go into each, and (2) and in order to know where to
look in Table G.1 in Appendix G and Table H.1 in Appendix H to see what those
disaggregate calculations are made of in terms of calculation components. Users can
also find the explanation of calculation components in Table C.1 in Appendix C and the
explanation of worksheets that are connected to calculation components in Table B.1 in
Appendix B. In looking at Figure 3.7 we can see that RAP is only less than virgin
materials in environmental impacts for the WC. For MP and Pro RAP is not that much
more than virgin materials and is therefore comparable. Also RAP is comparable
overall in looking at the total. It only outshines virgin materials during the MT lifecycle phase.
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In comparing economic impacts associated with RAP and virgin materials,
since both outputs of net present value and annual costs are calculated based on the
same equation, it is more effective to look at the number of instances (disaggregate
calculations) that would imply costs. Looking at Figure 3.5 and Figure 3.6 under the
costs column, RAP has a significant amount having to do with transportation and virgin
materials has a significant amount having to do with the number of materials.
3.5.3 Questions 8 To 14 - Reflective
8.
What are the difficulties in comparing outputs – both
environmental and economic?
9.
How does the manifestation of recycling materials in PaLATE
analysis differ than that of conventional materials?
10.
How are calculations in PaLATE performed differently for
wearing course and subbase pavement structure layers?
11.
What calculation components have a large impact on outputs?
12.
What are some good next steps to check this analysis?
13.
Give one method PaLATE performs in order to keep from
double counting in the aggregation of outputs on the
environmental results worksheet.
14A.
If disposal is featured as a material/process life-cycle stage in
Figure 3.3 why does it not appear in data collection?
14B.
How can PaLATE be used to look at the disposal life-cycle
environmentally as opposed to economically defined
transportation legs? (HINT: Look in the maintenance
worksheet.)
SOLUTION QUESTION 8: One difficulty has to do with that PaLATE
calculates environmental and economic performance according to different parameters
as shown by the boxes in Figure 3.4, Figure 3.5, and Figure 3.6 and according to
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difference calculation component combinations as documented in Table G.1 in
Appendix G and Table H.1 in Appendix H. This is one reason for “N/A” that appear in
calculation tables such that values cannot be compared (i.e. differences taken). This
partly has to do with the life-cycles and costs associated with pavement construction
materials and processes will vary between each. It also has to do with the capability to
accurately reflect and accommodate all parts of a material/process life-cycle by
PaLATE or any other LCA road construction model.
SOLUTION QUESTION 9: This is covered in questions 4 and 5.
SOLUTION QUESTION 10: One example is the representation of
virgin materials. In the wearing course this is an aggregate group of virgin aggregates.
In the subbase layer it is split according to rock, gravel, sand, and soil and the related
processes and calculation components for each. This is shown in Figure 3.4 and Figure
3.6.
SOLUTION QUESTION 11: Analyzing the combination of components
in Table H.1 in Appendix H that shows the calculation components that correspond to
each material/process disaggregate calculation and the environmental outputs and
looking at Figure 3.8 you can see the role the equipment calculation component plays
in outputs.
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98
99
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Figure 3.8
Environmental and Economic Material/Process Disaggregate Calculations, Related Equipment and/or
Related Inputs Distributed Over Life-Cycles.
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SOLUTION QUESTION 12: Using a sensitivity analysis, users can vary
one parameter – such as a default value for density or another source of data and see
how results vary through comparison. Other things that can be varied include
equipment models utilized for activities and/or transportation mode type.
SOLUTION QUESTION 13: For the environmental outputs in the
material transport tables the material/process disaggregate calculation for RAP from
site to landfill is not included in the summation totals for the disaggregate tables. This
is documented in Table F.2 in Appendix F in the economic output inventory table.
Therefore PaLATE does not include all calculations in the final sums.
SOLUTION QUESTION 14A: The disposal life-cycle stage in Figure
3.3 shows that transportation legs exist leaving the project site to various disposal sites
such as the recycling facility or landfill. Further numerical values in the exercise are
produced using the environmental outputs of PaLATE. Each of the transportation legs
to the disposal site exist as cost outputs. Also, the pavement construction processes
and related equipment accommodated by PaLATE for off-site process mainly take
place in the material production life-cycle stage. Additionally the exercise is limited in
demonstrating capability of PaLATE and disposal options in the tool given that it
pertains to the initial construction as opposed the maintenance of a highway section.
SOLUTION QUESTION 14B: In the maintenance worksheet PaLATE
analysis accommodates inputs related to the following on-site processes: hot in-place
recycling and cold in-place recycling. These environmental outputs are shown in the
environmental results worksheet in the disaggregate tables for maintenance. Both of
these maintenance recycling methods also demonstrate disposal life-cycle options in
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that materials are reused. This relates to the concept of closed loop life-cycle
assessment which exists commonly for recycling materials and processes.
3.5.4 Questions 15 To 17 - Opinion
15.
If you had to conduct one more analysis using PaLATE, what
would you do? Flip through the tool and try to address as many
characteristics of the tool as possible in your answer (i.e. be
detailed – what activities, what equipment, what materials, what
pavement structure layer, what life-cycle, what
environmental/economic output, what data values, what
worksheets … the options are endless!).
16.
Rate this exercise in its clarity. Define your scale for judgment.
17.
If you were given only the Microsoft® Excel file to PaLATE
how would you go about understanding the tool and
documenting it for other users?
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Chapter 4
CONTEXTUAL DISCUSSIONS
PaLATE is one of four existing LCA pavement construction models. The
concepts supported by each of these models reflect a number of trends within the
transportation community. Further, each of these tools within their relative
transportation communities serve to go beyond existing practices, filling niches. Each
of these points demonstrates the demand and utility of applying the LCA methodology
to highway construction projects. In the following sections pavement construction
LCA models are broadly compared. Then PaLATE supported concepts as they relate
to economics and LCCA, environment, recycling, and sustainability in the
transportation community are discussed giving progress reports of each of these trends
and showing how PaLATE is a part of these trends and/or an extension of these
practices. These discussions are partly a continuation of the list of PaLATE niches
given at the end of chapter three.
4.1 LCA Road Construction Models
The application of the LCA methodology to public sector infrastructure
(including road infrastructure), was overlooked through the history of the LCA
framework having to do with the birth of LCA in private sector consulting companies
and the less obvious role of publicly owned, government operated infrastructure in
environmental impacts and sustainable practices (Graedel 1998; Graedel 1997).
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As shown in Table A.1 in Appendix A, LCA road construction models
include those developed by VTT Technical Research Center of Finland for the Finnish
National Road Administration in 2000 (Mroueh 2000), the Swedish Environmental
Research Institute (IVL) for the Swedish National Road Administration in March 2001
(Stripple 2001), PaLATE in 2003 (PaLATE 2007; Horvath 2004a), and ROAD-RES
developed by the Institute of Environment & Resources at the Technical University of
Denmark (DTU) with cooperation from the Danish Road Institute, two incineration
plants, and the University of New Hampshire Recycled Material Resource Center in
2005 (Birgisdottir 2005). Work is also being done out of the School of Civil
Engineering and Geosciences at the University of New Castle upon Tyne. Further
there are examples where existing generic LCA models were adapted and applied to
pavement construction as also listed in Table A.1 in Appendix A. These include works
by the National Building Research Institute at the Israel Institute of Technology (Katz
2004) and the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden (Choki 2005).
Each of the LCA road construction models have similar potential for
addressing research gaps identified by PaLATE developers as well as similar
methodologies for executing calculations. Research gaps identified by PaLATE
developers have to do with the focus on buildings in the built environment, focus on
energy and emissions in terms of environmental parameters, consideration for the
operation and use pavement life-cycle stage as opposed to initial construction,
maintenance, and disposal pavement life-cycle stages (and related transportation legs),
evaluations performed for certain pavement structure layers, evaluations performed for
specific pavement construction materials, and evaluations performed for certain
pavement construction processes with the exclusion of the consideration for pavement
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construction equipment (Horvath 2004a). Each of these gaps represent niches filled by
each of the LCA road construction models demonstrating the flexibility and
comprehensive nature of the LCA methodology.
Characteristics of LCA road construction models are similar on many
counts. Each model accommodates a number of pavement construction materials
whose set is diverse in the consideration of both conventional and secondary pavement
construction materials. Environmental outputs are also comprehensive including
energy and emissions, as well as health related parameters and construction material
potential for ground contamination via leaching. Equipment is also considered in most.
Calculations are broken down to a disaggregate level or unit process according to
pavement life-cycle stage, pavement structure layer, material/process, method of
calculation and/or databases that are drawn on by that particular calculation, etc. Users
are encouraged to add additional data for tool customization. For each tool defined
pavement life-cycle, various stages are addressed including those commonly
overlooked in road infrastructure research as labeled by the tool developers and, in
some cases, additionally covering the operation and use pavement life-cycle phase
through the consideration of traffic. Tools accommodate other perspectives as well
such as economics and cost. Data on which each tool draws includes a diverse set of
user inputs combined with a number of existing databases relating to equipment,
environment, material science, ground contamination, health, emissions, etc. Data
limitations are cited as basis for the exclusion of some environmental evaluations. For
example in the case of both VTT LCA road construction model examples of some
excluded environmental categories based on insufficient data are accident risks and dust
emissions (Mroueh 2000). Each of these tools was developed either in research as part
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of an organization or academia. Developer objectives express the same intentions: to
create a tool that is timeless and customizable by a number of users and to create a tool
that will facilitate consideration of environmental, recycling, and sustainable
perspectives in the transportation decision making toolbox for change (Mroueh 2000;
Birgisdottir 2005; Horvath 2004a; Stripple 2001). Variations between models exist
according to the LCA phases in which tool analyses overlap. For example, some tools
are simply life-cycle inventory (LCI) tools while others also perform life-cycle impact
assessment (LCIA) in addition to LCI. All models are implemented in Microsoft®
Excel, except for ROAD-RES which is done in C++. One prominent niche PaLATE
fills in comparison to the other three LCA road construction model is its domestic
development and orientation. This is significant in that, while LCA road construction
can be customized and data added, most databases on which tools draw are a product
of regulations that exist within those jurisdictions. Therefore LCA road construction
models are location specific.
4.2
Trends Relating to Transportation
The demand and utility for PaLATE can be outlined by those concepts the
tool incorporates in its analysis. These trends include transportation sustainability and
economics and LCCA, environment, and recycling in the United States transportation
community. Further trends are the use of tools together, either one serving as an input
to another or where each is used to analyze something different complementing gaps in
analyses domain In the following sections, a progress report is given for each trend to
demonstrate placement, role, and potential of PaLATE in the transportation community
puzzle.
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4.2.1 Transportation Sustainability
The use of LCA as an instrument for sustainability relates to the use of
these LCA pavement construction models for sustainable transportation practices. Like
sustainability, transportation sustainability has many faces. While sustainability was
defined by the 1987 United Nation’s Brundtland Commission Report as "development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs” (Sverdrup 2004), definitions for sustainability
within the transportation community differ. For example, the Transportation Research
Board (TRB), one of the six major divisions of the National Research Council that
supports research and information exchange in transportation for progress and
innovation, defines the term according to systems analysis that sustainability has to do
with the interaction between environmental, economic, and social systems whatever the
advantages or disadvantages at varying time scales (Litman 2008). Hal Kassoff, the
Senior Vice President and Highway Market Leader at PB, a global infrastructure
consulting firm, defined sustainable highways as improvements which achieve “better
than before” outcomes, not only for highway purposes such as safety, mobility and
structural integrity, but also for broader environmental and societal goals (Kassoff
2007).” The three-legged stool that represents sustainability includes social, economic,
and environment considerations. Each of these is also reflected in transportation
sustainability. Trends within the transportation community exist for each and are
discussed in the following sections. In each case, PaLATE can be incorporated into
these practices.
Specific to sustainable transportation practices, PaLATE can be useful
from the standpoint of sustainable indicator sets for transportation. Indicators measure
progress toward an objective in any given situation relating to each of the legs of
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sustainability. Agencies who have developed indicators are the USDOT and the
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCED). Groups of
indicators, or sets, are selected to measure comprehensive progress toward goals
(Litman 2008). Indicator sets should be a mixture of environment, social, and
economic indicators. Examples include the Genuine Progress Indicator developed for
Alberta, Canada and the Green Community Checklist proposed by the USEPA. These
sets exist because the use of several indicators possibly decreases limitations relating to
each indicator and a set more accurately characterizes performance as opposed to one.
Despite common use, transportation sustainability lacks a standard indicator set. At the
same time, the outputs of PaLATE can be used to measure performance from multiple
perspectives given its analysis characteristics, acting as the action that measures a
number of transportation sustainability performance indicators.
4.2.2 Economics
PaLATE analysis is consistent with existing transportation economic trends
in its use as an LCCA tool, as well as its ability to indirectly tie costs back to
environmental ramifications through the simultaneous use of its environmental and
economic modules.
The use of LCCA within the transportation community relates to asset
management. Asset management, as a prominent supporter for the economic analysis
of infrastructure projects, is the combination of sound engineering and economic
principles for strategic and tactical management of transportation assets (McNeil
2007). This transportation sub-community came about as a result of a paradigm shift
that required transportation agencies to imitate efficient private sector practices as a
result of increasingly restrained governmental budgets at all levels. This paradigm shift
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is characterized by the infrastructure expansion trends post World War II in support of
a growing economy and increased automobile popularity and the subsequent increasing
emphasis placed on infrastructure maintenance and preservation starting in the 1970s
through to the 1990s. Legislation facilitating the development of asset management in
transportation includes the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
(ISTEA), the Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century (TEA-21) in 1998, and
the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for
Users (SAFETEA-LU) in 2005, as well as the formation of workshops, activities,
committees, etc.
The use of LCCA within the asset management community has seen
wavering but progressively stronger success. For example, the National Highway
System (NHS) Designation Act of 1995 required states to conduct life-cycle cost
analysis on NHS projects costing $25 million or more as good practice. This
requirement was later removed by TEA-21 because LCCA supports the decision
making process but does not designate a specific decision and NHS legislation did not
specify specific LCCA procedures. At the same time, the use of the methodology
continues to be encouraged for all major investment decisions as the methodology has
proven to be effective and efficient. For example, LCCA instructional workshops have
been administered to roughly 40 state transportation agencies and the FHWA Office of
Asset Management published the LCCA Primer in August 2002 for transportation
officials (LCCA Primer 2002). One evidence piece of growing LCCA popularity is the
network-level tool Highway Economic Requirements System-State Version (HERSST) that considers engineering and economic concepts and principles in reviewing the
impact of alternative highway investment levels and program structures. While the tool
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is a cost benefit analysis tool, to which LCA is a subset, the tool demonstrates the use
of economic analysis in highway applications. These tools commonly balance
transportation user costs (vehicle operating costs, travel time costs, and crash costs)
and agency costs (day-to-day routine maintenance, preventive, rehabilitation,
restoration activities meant to maintain or extend the life of the asset) to competing
potential road network construction, rehabilitation, and preservation projects over the
service life of the asset where the most cost-effective project design is found using
discounting (LCCA Primer 2002; Flintsch 2007; McNeil 2007; HERS-ST Overview
2002). PaLATE can be added to the list of tools utilized in asset management for
economic evaluations, which includes HERS-ST, based according to the outputs of its
economic module which looks at costs associated with pavement construction materials
and processes for the different pavement construction life-cycle stages and pavement
structure layers. PaLATE can also be used together with other tools as explained later
in this chapter.
Asset management as a performance driven field uses performance
measures to monitor progress towards goals and objectives (McNeil 2007). PaLATE
economic module outputs can also be used for these performance measures.
PaLATE also presents new perspectives from an LCCA standpoint in that
costs are not associated to users or agencies, but rather the environment. Through the
simultaneous use of the economic and environmental modules, such that outputs of
each module tie back to the same inputs, the economic outputs can be indirectly
associated with those outputs from the environmental module giving value to
environmental impacts. This is important considering the influence economics has on
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decision making outcomes for traditional and secondary pavement construction
materials and processes (Birgisdottir 2005).
4.2.3 Environment
Life-cycle costing has been used extensively in infrastructure asset
management to consider all the costs of a project over its service life. Given
recognized interactions and interdependencies between transportation and human and
natural environments, the approach to evaluate potential transportation projects,
programs, and strategic plans on the basis of a combination of engineering and
economic criteria is no longer sufficient (Flintsch 2007). Environmental evaluations
performed by PaLATE then offer some utility to the transportation community and can
be incorporated into existing environmental trends. Further, the tool fills niches within
environmental efforts in the transportation community.
One example of environmental efforts in the transportation community are
environmental performance measures. Not only do performance measures exist
relating to economics as seen in asset management, but also in relation to environment.
Some examples of asset management environment performance measures are seen in
HERS-ST: costs of damages from vehicular emissions of air pollutants and vehicle
operating costs including fuel and oil consumption and tire wear. These measures are
used in the selection of maintenance and rehabilitation strategies based on monetary
values (McNeil 2007).
Other efforts to monitor the relation between transportation and the
environment are MOBILE6 Vehicle Emission Modeling Software developed by EPA.
This tool is an emission factor model used for predicting gram per mile emissions of
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, particulate matter,
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and toxics from cars, trucks, and motorcycles under various conditions (MOBILE6
2008). As identified by PaLATE developers, customary analysis for the relation of
environment to transportation has to do with energy and emissions as well as the
operation and use phase of road infrastructure. PaLATE then serves a special niche
within transportation environment efforts relating to a host of environmental
parameters including also potential leaching abilities of pavement construction projects
based according to materials and human health factors related also to leaching abilities
and asphalt fumes. Further these evaluations are carried out for the initial construction
and maintenance pavement life-cycle stages. Other LCA road construction models
offer the same potential for addressing these research gaps.
4.2.4 Recycling
PaLATE analysis considers both a number of recycled materials that can be
used in pavement construction projects and pavement construction recycling processes.
From a material and process standpoint recycling offers many benefits to the pavement
construction community such as: superior environmental performance, cost savings,
preservation of natural resources, relief to landfill capacities through remediated
materials and its role as a consumer of materials, savings to landfill capacities due to its
role as a producer of materials and its role as a consumer of materials, and as an
alternative to pavement maintenance and rehabilitation projects (See Figure 4.1). At
the same time recycling materials and processes in the pavement construction
community face serious barriers which also reflect on PaLATE assimilation and
implementation given its evaluation of these said materials and processes.
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Figure 4.1
Recycling Shown As A Maintenance Option in Pavement Condition
Verses Time (Pavement Recycling Guidelines 1997).
Aside from the traditional list of barriers relating to recycled materials and
recycling processes in pavement construction such as performance, economics, etc.,
other barriers stalling the growth of these technologies include established ideas and
lack of relations. Established ideas, true or not, accurate or not, in many cases
discourages the use of recycled materials. Commonly recycled materials are thought to
compromise the structural integrity of pavements as well as to have significant
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environmental ramifications. Since recycling is not a new concept, these established
stereotypes discourage the consideration, investigation, and use of recycled materials
and processes.
The need for formal established relations for successful recycling programs
was a topic of heavy discussion at the 2000 recycling workshop titled Partnerships for
Sustainability A New Approach to Highway Materials in Houston, Texas (Ferragut
2001). One example given at the workshop of horizontally distributed relations at the
government level and vertically oriented relations stemming from relevant government
agencies for the successful implementation of recycling programs was the position of a
recycling coordinator. Currently five state departments of transportation (DOTs)
currently employ a full-time recycling coordinator: Texas, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania,
North Caroline, and California. Recycling coordinators act as the focal point to
connect state DOT, state EPA, solid waste producers, and potential entrepreneurs.
These states experience successful recycling programs which are encouraged by fulltime recycling coordinators despite difficulties that relate to each of these audiences.
For example, from the waste producer perspective the “waste-to-use” of recycled
materials is very complicated. A waste material must first meet environmental safety
issues, followed by engineering economics and standards. The waste producers work
with the state EPA to determine environmental acceptance after which producers are
on their own to find product markets and to determine product material economic and
engineering properties that are to be presented to highway engineering given their lack
of familiarity with waste product specifics, the previous environmental decisions, the
product properties, the volume of available product, or its variability. This is despite
the fact that many producers have little knowledge of or experience with highway
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materials, the testing and acceptance process, the economics, and the decision making
process between the state and the contractor. Therefore, state DOTs and state EPAs
would benefit from these pro-active coordinating positions and/or programs for the
success of pavement construction.
Examples of gaps between relevant agencies are the lack of joint-training
for highway engineers or environmental specialists that address both disciplines. For
example, DOTs rely on Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) National Highway
Institute (NHI) training or in-house training and environmental specialists rely on the
EPA training courses. Another example that was exhibited at the workshop is that
many states do not now have formal contact between their DOTs and EPAs historically
or currently. This was exhibited at the workshop given it was the first time that
highway officials representing the American Association of State and Highway
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) had met in a working atmosphere with the
Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO)
officials. Further, workshop attendees stated that neither AASHTO nor ASTSWMO
representatives were familiar with each other’s organization or how the other dealt with
recycled materials issues (Ferragut 2001).
Each of these identified gaps represents already established pro-active
European programs and collaborations, where the workshop also was attended by
European recycling experts in addition to United States representatives from the
FHWA, DOTs, EPAs, AASHTO, ASTSWMO, and specialists within the highway,
material science, and environment communities. The already established relations
existing in Europe between relevant communities along with cooperation among
government, the construction industry, and the environmental groups have led to the
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success of recycling in pavement construction abroad and inspired the workshop as
well as reinforced justifications for similar efforts in the United States (Ferragut 2001).
Next steps then for the successful use of recycled materials and recycling
processes in pavement construction are increased collaborations between relevant
parties both horizontally and vertically. PaLATE then, as a tool which looks at the
environmental performance of recycled materials and processes, can also benefit from
these improvements to increase chances for its implementation. Further, the use of the
tool can be used to justify these improvements and the use of recycled materials and
processes in pavement construction given objective analysis. The user guide facilitates
the use of PaLATE by any relevant audiences regardless of background.
4.2.5 Using Tools Together
A number of tools characterize transportation analysis today. These tools
can be used together to facilitate the decision making process. For example, PaLATE
as a project-level tool can be used as an input into network-level tools or can be used
together with other project-level and/or network-level tools to fill analysis gaps relating
for example to environment, materials, or certain pavement life-cycle stages such as
initial construction and maintenance.
One opportunity for outputs from a project-level tool to be input at the
network level presents itself in the case of pavement management systems (PMS).
These state implemented systems, commonly used in transportation asset management,
maintain and preserve pavement networks. For example, the Maryland State Highway
Administration (SHA), who is responsible for maintaining a pavement network of
16,000-lane-miles, first, uses a network-level PMS to develop investment strategies for
approval by observing network behavior, performance, and health at different funding
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levels. A project-level tool then optimizes pavement projects according to the funding
strategies selected and then a network-level PMS is used again in order to select the
sites for highway projects. Strategies are modified throughout the year as part of the
annual system preservation program (Maryland State Highway 2002). PaLATE, in this
instance can be used to optimize the environmental performance of pavement projects.
Additionally, the use of project-level tools at the network-level holds
promise when it comes to network-level programs and initiatives. One example can be
seen in the case of Planning for Community, Energy, Economic, and Environmental
Sustainability (PLACE3S). PLACE3S is a land use and urban design method
implemented at the regional and neighborhood levels that uses energy as a yardstick to
help communities understand how their growth and development decisions can
contribute to improved sustainability. PaLATE can be used to evaluate energy
parameters at the project-level in what PLACE3S would recognize in its methodology
as “subareas of unexpected inefficiency (PLACE3S 1996).” These evaluations in
subareas will facilitate community decision making.
Tools can also be paired to fill analysis gaps. For example, in the case of
HERS-ST which looks at emissions and agency and user costs from the use and
operation pavement life-cycle stage, PaLATE can be paired to represent environmental
emissions and project costs relating to the initial construction and maintenance
pavement life-cycle stage from the pavement construction material and activity
standpoint.
The demand and utility for PaLATE can be outlined by the progress of
each of these trends in the transportation community. Across the board PaLATE
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works to: continue existing efforts, re-characterize established efforts, and provide an
avenue for new methods.
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Chapter 5
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Roads provide connectivity between communities and individuals; they
support economic growth and development, social interaction, access to health care,
education and other services; and enhance mobilitiy. At the same time, roads consume
land and natural resources, and their construction and maintenance uses energy and
emits airborne pollutants. The transportation community has begun to internalize the
need for sustainable road infrastructure. That is, this subset of the built infrastructure
must not only provide a service to the public but at the same time must be sustainable.
Hal Kassoff, the Senior Vice President and Highway Market Leader at PB, a global
infrastructure consulting firm, says that sustainable highways achieve “better than
before” outcomes, not only for highway purposes such as safety, mobility and
structural integrity, but also for broader environmental and societal goals (Kassoff
2007).” Pavement construction practices play a large role in sustainable highways;
pavements play a dominant role in the United States having to do with its role as a
supplier of materials and a consumer of materials together with demand for roads and
their continual construction and maintenance. Definitions of existing transportation
practices, which are being modified and re-characterized in light of sustainability, are
evolving. The concept of sustainability is achievable through systems thinking. Systems
thinking in turn can be considered to be another large component to successful
transportation sustainability practices as indicated by the Transportation Research
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Board (TRB) definition of transportation sustainability as having to do with systems
thinking, where sustainability has to do with the interaction between environmental,
economic, and social systems whatever the advantages or disadvantages at varying time
scales (Litman 2008). Also recognized in the United States transportation community
is the need for domestic and international collaborations and formally established
relations among stakeholders involved in pavement construction such as recycling
experts, environmental scientists, civil and highway engineers, material manufacturers,
transportation planners and decision-makers, politicians, etc. at all levels, especially
governmental (Ferragut 2001). PaLATE analysis exhibits qualities similar to existing
practices in transportation that are considered to overlap with practices in economics,
recycling, and environment and therefore overlap with sustainable practices. PaLATE
analysis also goes further in conducting systems analysis and encouraging
collaborations among relevant stakeholders. Each of these are covered throughout this
thesis and reiterated below.
Over the course of this thesis, descriptions of PaLATE in chapter two
showed the characteristics of the tool and how these fit into existing trends in the
transportation community that overlap with sustainable practices such as economics,
recycling, and environment as described in chapter four. For example, in chapter two it
was shown that the tool performs analysis for recycled materials and processes in
pavement construction where recycling in pavement construction is more than just a
new idea. Additionally, in chapter two we saw that the tool can be used to evaluate
highway projects according to environmental performance where environmental
considerations in transportation relate back to the beginning of NEPA in the 1970s.
Additionally, the LCA framework of PaLATE incorporates the economic LCCA
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perspective as shown in chapter two, a form of analysis whose history is covered in
chapter four as beginning early 1990s with the advent of asset management. In these
instances then, PaLATE can be shown to be a part of trends in transportation whose
existence are common and overlap with sustainable thinking.
Additionally, over the course of this paper, descriptions of PaLATE in
chapter two and four show that PaLATE re-characterizes established practices in new
light for sustainable transportation in addition to going beyond these existing practices
and stepping outside the box. The tool as an LCA tool in the transportation
community is rare: “even though the environmental impact assessment procedures for
construction materials and construction works have been developed in recent years
both in Finland and in other counties, we still have rather limited experience in the lifecycle assessment of road constructions (Mroueh 2000).” Additionally, as one of four
LCA road construction models, the tool is the only domestically developed.
Environmental perspectives fall outside the standard set of commonly evaluated
emissions and energy outputs, and for the initial construction and maintenance
pavement construction life-cycle stages. Characteristically, existing tools and research
focuses on the operation and use pavement life-cycle stage. Further, in PaLATE,
LCCA evaluations are paired with LCA evaluations, rather than sole LCCA
evaluations. The tool also shows extraordinary flexibility because it is based on the
widely distributed and familiar platform of Microsoft® Excel, to which users can
customize to fit local, existing, future, and hypothetical highway projects and
conditions.
Other steps forward supported by PaLATE implementation are that of
systems thinking and collaborations among obvious and unforeseen stakeholders, the
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two identified trends which will lead to sustainable transportation. As an LCA tool
PaLATE holistically considers the life-cycle of pavement construction materials and
processes. The support for tools that facilitate systems thinking for successful
sustainable transportation is important given that PaLATE executes these tasks
together with the potential of LCA as a policy maker and enforcer, which in the future
could potentially serve as a one-stop shop framework for sustainable transportation
practices given that simplification to the full-scale LCA methodology is a universal
quality among assessments and when the full-scale LCA methodology is simplified the
instrument takes on the life of other environmental systems analysis (ESA) tools. LCA
as a methodology is complex and integrates many forms of data and analysis, a
characteristic of PaLATE that facilitates collaboration among pavement engineering,
science, environment, recycling, material producers, waste management, etc.
communities. This was seen at the Partnerships for Sustainability, A New Approach to
Highway Materials Workshop in Houston, Texas in October 2000 where Dr. Arpad
Horvath was the key note speaker on PaLATE. The meeting brought together
individuals from the European and domestic recycling, pavement, waste management,
environment, etc. communities at all levels.
Given these benefits, it is important that PaLATE overcomes common
barriers to tool implementation and assimilation. At government transportation
decision-making levels limited resources, full workloads, and a number of other
competing tools commercially and research developed, discourage the assimilation of
new tools in general as well as those without appropriate user guides. Transportation
decision-makers with experience with governmental systems and public culture that are
more willing to support sustainable practices and the related sacrifices can help
123
(Ferragut 2001). Those sustainable practices adopted from abroad can serve as
inspiration in the United States but will require effort to be tailored and implemented.
This point together with resistance or lack of time and resources that exist at the
transportation decision-making level in the United States governments means those first
to assimilate PaLATE will be those audiences with diverse of backgrounds relating to
material manufacturers at recycling plants, landfill managers in charge of waste
management, etc. To this end, a user guide is required to cater to a number of
knowledge sets. Finally, pavement construction practices and projects exhibit
considerable variability in any one location and across the nation. A user guide that
facilitates user knowledge and know-how for the customization of the tool is optimal
and prime to its use in many instances given the potential for customization from the
Microsoft® Excel platform that is widely distributed and familiar.
Prospective users, whom ever they may be, will find this document useful
as a companion to PaLATE in its implementation and customization to evaluate
existing practices as they relate to customary habits or investigate new practices as they
relate to transportation sustainability given its increasing support.
124
Appendix A
LCA ROAD CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE
125
Table A.1 LCA Road Construction and PaLATE Timeline.
Publication Title
Publication
Date
National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA),
EPA
January 1,
1970
Brundtland Commission
Report
1987
Toward A Sustainable
Future: Addressing the
Long-Term Effects of
Motor Vehicle
Transportation on
Climate and Ecology,
Committee for a Study
on Transportation and a
Sustainable
Environment,
Transportation
Research Board,
National Academy
Press, 1997
1997
Significance With Varying Brief Descriptions
FHWA and other transportation agencies
required by NEPA to consider potential impacts
to the social and natural environment through
categorical exclusion, environmental
assessments, and environmental impact
statements. The Act establishes national
environmental policy and goals for the
protection, maintenance, and enhancement of the
environment, and it provides a process for
implementing these goals within the federal
agencies.
Has to do with the establishment of sustainability
as a community. The World Commission on
Environment and Development (WCED),
commonly known as the Brundtland
Commission, a group assigned to create a
“global agenda for change” by the General
Assembly of the United Nations in 1983 initiated
discussions relating to sustainability which lead
to the 1987 United Nation’s Brundtland
Commission Report that identified sustainability
as: "development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.”
Gives a rough timeline to the assimilation of
sustainability in transportation community. Here
TRB defines sustainability to be "about systems
analysis. Specifically, it is about how
environmental, economic, and social systems
interact to their mutual advantage or
disadvantage at various space-based scales of
operation."
126
Waste and Recycled
Materials in the
Transportation Industry
NCHRP 4-21 Database
Building for
Environmental and
Economic Sustainability
(BEES), US National
Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST)
Demonstrates recycling, environment, and
sustainable thinking in pavement construction
materials. Contains information on 21 waste and
recycled materials. Information includes
photographs of the materials, general
information, production and use data,
engineering properties data, environmental
properties data. suitable highway applications,
1997
laboratory testing, field testing, references and
points of contact. The work was conducted by
Chesner Engineering and sponsored by
AASHTO in cooperation with the FHWA and
conducted under the National Highway
Cooperative Research Program administered by
the Transportation Research Board of the
National Research Council.
Database that provides LCA profiles for building
materials that can also be used as part of
pavement construction. Representation of LCA
within the civil engineering community but
mainly built environment, specifically buildings.
BEES is a Windows-based decision support tool
sponsored by the NIST in the U.S. Department
of Commerce and Office of Applied Economics
BEES 1.0
in the Building and Fire Research Laboratory in
Technical
the late 1990s. Audiences include designers,
Manual and
builders, and product manufacturers. TwentyUser Guide
two building products are both environmentally
Dated April
and economically assessed. Environmental
1998 - and
evaluations draw on the LCA methodology,
tool is on
include all stages in the product life-cycle (raw
version
material acquisition, manufacture, transportation,
BEES 3.0
installation, use, and waste management), aim to
(gives idea of
generate relative environmental performance
when started)
scores for building product alternatives based on
U.S. average data, and include six impacts:
global warming potential, acidification,
nitrification potential, natural resource depletion,
and solid waste. Economic evaluations are
conducted according to the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard lifecycle cost method and include costs of initial
127
investment, replacement, operation, maintenance
and repair, and disposal. BEES 3.0 can be
downloaded free of charge from the NIST
website. User support provided in terms of new
releases of updated editions of application and
thorough user guides.
Leadership in Energy
and Environmental
Design (LEED), United
States Green Building
Council
1998
User Guidelines for
Waste and Byproduct
Materials in Pavement
Construction
1998
Streamlined Life-Cycle
Assessment, Thomas E.
Graedel
October
1998
Certification system focused on environmentally
sustainable building and construction.
Provides information on 19 waste and byproduct
materials in six major highway applications.
Discusses material specific information in
regards to resources, material nature, issues,
engineering evaluations, environmental issues,
and economic considerations for those interested
in the use of recycled materials or increasing
existing knowledge in this area. Available online
at: http://www.tfhrc.gov/hnr20/recycle/waste/
via the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research
Center.
Represents mention of road infrastructure in the
LCA community from the LCA standpoint. One
of the first publications on streamlined life-cycle
assessments. PaLATE is an SLCA. In this
publication, Graedel talks about the application
of LCA to infrastructure systems. The example
he uses throughout the chapter on this topic
deals with the auto industry, part of which talks
about road infrastructure.
128
LCA in Service
Industries, Thomas E.
Graedel, School of
Forestry and
Environmental Studies,
Yale University
1998
Comparison of
Environmental
Implications of Asphalt
and Steel-Reinforced
Concrete Pavements,
Arpad Horvath, Chris
1998
Hendrickson,
Department of Civil
Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Represents mention of road infrastructure in the
LCA community from the LCA standpoint.
Represents mention of road infrastructure in the
LCA community. Graedel talks about the
application of the streamlined life-cycle
assessment approach to service industries and
why commonly these applications are
overlooked and/or lacking. One example
includes the auto industry in which road
infrastructure is discussed.
Early case study by PaLATE developers. Most
likely contributed tool creation. Compares
asphalt and steel reinforced concrete materials
for pavement sections having roughly the same
functionality. Subbase is same for each
pavement section so that surface course
materials are only compared. Manufacturing
Stage: LCI tool used is the EIO-LCA method.
Resource demands and environmental outputs
quantified include following categories:
electricity, fuels, ores, and fertilizers
consumption, toxic chemical charges to air,
water, land, underground injection wells, and
transfers to off-site treatment plants, hazardous
waste generation and management, and
conventional pollutants to air. Data inputs
include cost of materials, EPA toxics release
inventory (TRI), RCRA Subtitle C hazardous
waste data, AP-42 emission factors, U.S.
Department of Commerce data, etc.
Construction Stage: looks at human health risks
associated with asphalt and the release of PAHs
looking at several exposure limits.
Maintenance: mentioned that maintenance
requirements can be considered based on FHWA
Long-Term Pavement Performance program
when data available. End-of-life Stage:
compares disposal options such as recycling
(likelihood that this is the case, benefits) and
landfill (leaching effects, volumes of materials).
Impacts for each material showed to be stronger
for different life-stages demonstrating the use of
129
either will induce different environmental
ramifications. Findings for material were applied
to coinciding total length of roads in nation and
looked at for different road lengths. Service life
was discussed. Assumed time value of pollution
is constant. Asphalt decided as more sustainable
considering more likely to be recycled (which
was accredited to its wider use in the street
network). This is because when environmental
burdens were annualized using estimate average
service live appeared comparable therefore,
because asphalt is more likely to be recycled,
when done correctly is more sustainable.
Sustainable development is only mentioned in
last sentence of paper.
Steel Versus SteelReinforced Concrete
Bridges: Environmental
Assessment, Arpad
Horvath, Chris
Hendrickson,
Department of Civil and
Environmental
Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University
1999
Early case study by PaLATE developers. Most
likely contributed tool creation. Compares steel
and steel-reinforced concrete girders with same
design in same location using EIO-LCA tool to
conduct an LCI for materials extraction,
materials processing, manufacturing, and
literature from other data to assess other lifecycle stages. Using this method, resource inputs
and environmental outputs are comparable to the
above listed item. Maintenance activities for
each include painting and its life-cycle impacts
such as paint manufacturing. Other
considerations include additional materials used
in each design such as steel plates. End-of-life
options looked at involve service life, functional
obsolescence, recycling, reuse, and landfill.
Steel-reinforced concrete girders are found to be
more environmentally sound but at the same time
recycling rates for each puts steel girder
significantly puts the material ahead.
130
Environmental
Implications of
Construction and
Infrastructure, Arpad
Horvath and Chris
Hendrickson, Green
Design Initiative,
Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon
Life Cycle Assessment
of Road Construction,
Ulla-Maija Mroueh,
Paula Eskola, Jutta
Laine-Ylijoki, Karl
Wellman, Esa Makela
Markku Juvankoski,
Antti Ruotoistenmaki,
Finnish National Road
Administration & VTT
Date
Unknown
though
references
cited in
pamphlet
reflect this
time
Documents early case studies by PaLATE
developers. One page newsletter pamphlet
informing audiences of research intentions in
regards to using EIO-LCA to look at
environmental implications of construction and
infrastructure in light of existing research gaps.
2000
Another LCA road construction model
developed abroad by VTT Technical Research
Center of Finland for the Finnish National Road
Administration. Microsoft® Excel based
application that is culmination of Two Projects: a
“Life cycle analysis of road construction and
earthworks” and another which is a more
extensive Finnish research project titled,
“Assessment of the applicability of secondary
products in earthworks” carried out by VTT
Chemical Technology, Communities, and
Infrastructure of Finland for Finnish National
Road Administration Road Research Program
and the Technology Development Center's
(TEKES) Environmental Geotechnology
program. Purpose to look at the use of
secondary materials in earthworks and
foundation engineering methods. VTT is a notfor-profit, large research organization company.
General inputs include material types, layer
thickness, and transport distance. LCI and LCIA
analysis performed. Environmental outputs are
many including leaching and land use and several
excluded based according to low environmental
burden and/or insufficient data. Disaggregate
calculations are evaluated labeled as unit
operations for each individual structural
component and work stage. This is to facilitate
calculations given that they vary according to
pavement life-cycle stage, pavement structure
layer, material type, etc. but at the same time
such that users can compare projects at any time.
Life-cycle stages include construction,
131
maintenance, traffic, reconstruction. Material
life-cycle stages include production, transport,
construction, etc. Various materials are
considered for certain pavement structure layers.
Intentions included hopes that the assessment
procedure would be simple and easy to facilitate
planner and designer usage and cater to
audiences not familiar with relevant
terminologies, and would be used in connection
with other planning systems like life-cycle costs.
Parameters of the materials can be modified in
the application and new materials added. Effectscoring allows comparisons of environmental
performance.
Framework for
evaluating the use of
recycled materials in the
highway environment
2000
Demonstrates efforts within the pavement
community to formalize and share information
regarding practices with recycled materials.
Provides a consensus framework for state
transportation and environmental regulators to
evaluate the perspective use of recycled materials
in the highway environment.
Life-Cycle Impacts of
the Use of Industrial
By-Products in Road
and Earth Construction,
Ulla-Maija Mroueh,
Paula Eskola, Jutta
Laine-Ylijoki, VTT
Chemical Technology,
Finland
2001
Case study using LCA road construction model
developed by VTT.
132
Recycled Materials in
European Highway
Environments: Uses,
Technologies, and
Policies
2001
Construction Materials
and Components
Environmental Profiles,
The BRE Group, UK
2001
Documentation of European practices to
facilitate information sharing. Report
summarizes the findings of a scanning tour which
reviewed and documented innovative policies,
programs, and techniques that promote the use
of recycled materials in the highway
environment. The U.S. delegation met with more
than 100 representatives from transportation and
environmental ministries, research organizations,
and industries in Sweden, Denmark, Germany,
the Netherlands, and France. The report includes
a number of recommendations to encourage
increased awareness of the benefits of using
recycled materials in road construction, and
specific actions for transferring findings from the
scanning tour to various stakeholders.
Document on which the Houston workshop is
based.
Profiles that provide LCA characteristics of
building materials that can also be used as part of
pavement construction. Representation of LCA
within the civil engineering community but
mainly built environment, specifically buildings.
The BRE Group is a world leading research,
consultancy, training, testing, and certification
organization delivering sustainability and
innovation across the built environment and
beyond. Tool used in the UK where data is
housed in the UK Database of Environmental
Profiles of Construction Materials and
Components available online for a fee. Database
is continually updated through commercial
development and user input. Environmental
profiles provide “cradle to grave” product
information meant to enable professionals at all
levels in the design, construction, and material
industries for buildings to make informed
decisions on construction materials and
components. Fee charged for access since
commercially developed.
133
Partnerships for
Sustainability, A New
Approach to Highway
Materials, A Report on
the Houston Workshop,
October 9 - 11, 2000,
Houston, Texas, Ted
Ferragut, PE, TDC
Partners & American
Trade Initiatives, Inc.,
For Federal Highway
Administration
Life Cycle Assessment
of Road, A Pilot Study
for Inventory Analysis,
Second Revised
Edition, Swedish
Environmental Research
Institute (IVL), Hakan
Stripple, Prepared for
the Swedish National
Road Administration,
Sweden
February
2001
Represents manifestation of sustainability (in
terms of recycling) in the pavement community
as well as collaboration between European
counterparts in recognition of their progress and
knowledge. Sustainable workshop for those in
pavement community where ideas and
information sharing are transferred between
domestic and international members.
March 2001
Another LCA road construction model
developed abroad by the Swedish National Road
Administration by the Swedish Environmental
Research Institute (IVL). Conducted for the
Swedish National Road Administration by the
Swedish Environmental Research Institute
(IVL). First attempt at increasing knowledge
about the importance of road maintenance. Lifecycle stages include road operation, road
construction, and road maintenance.
Contributions of traffic are calculated separate
from the LCA tool and compared for the same
time period. Material life-cycles include
extraction of raw materials, the production of
construction products, the construction process,
the maintenance and operation, and finally the
disposal/reuse of the road and end of life
options. Tool calculations executed according
to a method that breaks down construction,
maintenance, and operation to smaller process
units. Through these process units the LCA
model is converted from static to dynamic in that
it is possible to vary different processes and
activities for a specific time period. Evaluations
include energy consumption, emissions (NOx,
SO2, CO2), and consumption of raw materials.
Three different road surface materials analyzed:
concrete and two variations of asphalt. Two
different engine alternatives for vehicles and
machines used. Limitations of the tool are
134
recognized according to input data such that
only specific situations are represented and
accommodated. Advised to be used purely as an
investigative tool in the research stages and
development where analysis is used for
preliminary knowledge gaining (i.e. exploratory
tool).
Center for
Environmental
2002
Excellence by AASHTO
Represents environmental efforts within DOTs.
The Center for Environmental Excellence by the
American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) has been
developed in cooperation with the Federal
Highway Administration to promote
environmental stewardship and to encourage
innovative ways to streamline the transportation
delivery process. The Center is designed to serve
as a resource for transportation professionals
seeking technical assistance, training,
information exchange, partnership-building
opportunities, and quick and easy access to
environmental tools. AASHTO competed and
has been awarded $3.1 million in SAFETEA-LU
funding over the next three years for a Center for
Environmental Excellence. The Safe,
Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation
Equity Act – a Legacy for Users (SAFETEALU) provides that the goal of the Center is “To
provide technical assistance, information sharing
of best practices, and training in the use of tools
and decision-making processes that can assist
states in planning and delivering environmentally
135
sound surface transportation projects.”
Pavement Life-Cycle
Assessment Tool for
Environment and
Economic Effects
(PaLATE) Microsoft®
Excel File, Recycled
Materials Resource
Center, Past Research,
Project 23 - Recycled
Versus Virgin
Materials, University of
New Hampshire
Pavement Life-Cycle
Assessment Tool for
Environment and
Economic Effects
(PaLATE) Website,
Consortium on Green
Design and
Manufacturing,
University of California
at Berkeley
December
2003
PaLATE Microsoft® Excel file. The PaLATE
Microsoft® Excel file that consists of eighteen
worksheets. The introduction worksheet
features the title of the application, an acronym
glossary, a developer classification of the
application worksheets, and some descriptions
and explanations of worksheets for users. While
the text in the introduction is labeled as the user
manual, discussions on the application are brief.
Users should be advised. This thesis aims to
cover the application in greater depth and act
similar to a user guide.
Last Updated
July 2007
(Assume
created at
PaLATE informational website.
same time as
tool
development)
136
Life-Cycle
Environmental and
Economic Assessment
of Using Recycling
Materials for Asphalt
Pavements, Arpad
Horvath, UC Berkeley,
2003
2003
Construction Materials
and The Environment,
Annual Review of
Environment and
Resources, Arpad
2004
Horvath, Department of
Civil and Environmental
Engineering, UC
Berkeley
A Model Set of Asphalt
Sustainability
Indicators, Prepared for
Highway Agency,
Quarry Products
2005
Association, and
Refined Bitumen
Association, A.R. Parry,
Produced by TRL, UK's
Transport Research
Written by PaLATE developers. Covers
PaLATE and shows one results chart as
demonstration. The coverage/introduction of
PaLATE is not the main purpose of the
document however but is covered in some detail.
Recycled material use (demolition and industrial
by-products) are discussed - economic
(associated with tipping fees and transport, cost
savings having to do with materials and
processes), environmental (leaching), and
engineering (engineering properties with
examples drawn from fly and foundry sand)
feasibility. Asphalt roads are a sink for landfills.
As a consumer they can consume remediated
materials. Other benefits to recycling
documented having to do with landfill capacity
and natural material shortages. PaLATE is
introduced rather informatively and this is
probably one of the better descriptions of the
tool. A case study is implemented with result
tables and one visual, but no explanation is given
as to user thought processes while using the tool,
etc.
Written by PaLATE developers. Addresses
research gaps in LCA and civil engineering
outlining traditional industry emphasis on
buildings and energy. Mentions/insinuates the
need for a tool such as PaLATE given nature of
construction (therefore a comprehensive yet
flexible framework such as LCA is needed), its
role in road infrastructure, and traditional
disregard for road infrastructure.
Discusses the application of LCA to asphalt (a
pavement construction material) as a method of
sustainability.
137
Laboratory
Environmental Impact
of Steel and FiberReinforced Polymer
Reinforced Pavements,
Amnon Katz, National
Building Research
Institute, Faculty of
Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Isreal
Institute of Technology,
Haifa, Isreal
Life Cycle Assessment
of Road Maintenance
Works in Sweden,
Report, Prepared by
Sonam Choki,
Environmental
Engineering and
Sustainable
Infrastructure Master
Student, Royal
Instituted of
Technology, Sweden
2005
Adaptation of existing generic LCA tools for
road construction applications.
May 2005
Adaptation of existing generic LCA tools for
road construction applications.
138
Life Cycle Assessment
Model for Road
Construction and Use of
Residues From Waste
Incineration (ROADRES), Harpa
Birgisdottir, Institute of
Environment &
Resources, Technical
University of Denmark
July 2005
Another LCA road construction model
developed abroad by the Institute of
Environment & Resources at the Technical
University of Denmark (DTU) with cooperation
from the Danish Road Institute, two incineration
plants, and the University of New Hampshire
Recycled Material Resource Center, who also
plays apart in PaLATE development and
dissemination. This document is a Ph.D. thesis
done at the Institute of Environment &
Resources at the Technical University of
Denmark (DTU). Work carried out in
cooperation with Danish Road Institute, two
incineration plants, and with the help of the
University of New Hampshire Recycled Material
Resource Center. The thesis includes five
reference articles in the appendices PaLATE
users are recommended to read. The thesis
describes ROAD-RES and documents a case
study of the application of the tool to waste
incineration materials in pavement construction.
ROAD-RES uses an LCA approach to assess
overall, broader implications of the use of
recycled materials in pavement construction
dealing with life-cycle environmental analyses.
Compares leaching abilities of conventional
materials to recycled materials when in contact
with water constituents. Focuses on waste
incineration residues (bottom ash, fly ash, air
pollution control residues, grate siftings, boiler
ash, and economizer ash) and virgin materials.
Analyzes two end-of-life options: utilization in
roads and land filling such that the tool is split
into two parts. Environmental parameters
considered deal with each of the five
environmental compartments (air, soil,
groundwater, fresh surface water, and marine
surface water), groundwater contamination,
human toxicity, and long term stored ecotoxicity
determinations. The three road constructions
considered are roads, parking areas, and
embankments. Pavement structures were split
139
into layers where materials vary accordingly.
Mechanisms of water movement are considered.
Road life-cycle stages include construction,
operation, maintenance, and demolition.
Implemented using C++ and PARADOX
database. Users required to define functional
unit for model use. Model is flexible in system
boundary definition in that users can select which
analysis performed/included in the model are
utilized. Model can also be expanded by users to
include more detailed data. Data included in the
tool pertains to environmental exchanges,
various unit process datasets relating to a
number of road construction/material disposal
calculations, leaching profiles, and LCA
databases. Conducts LCIA using EDIP97.
Environmental
Assessment of Freight
Transportation in the
U.S., Cristiano Facanha,
Arpad Horvath, UC
Berkeley, Input-Output
Analysis
Quantifying
Environmental Benefits
of Recycling Through
Life Cycle Analysis,
Resource Conservation
Challenge Workshop,
Alberta Carpenter,
Recycled Materials
Resource Center
(RMRC), University of
New Hampshire
New Hampshire DOT
Case Study, Alberta
Carpenter, Kevin
Gardner, Recycled
Materials Resource
Center (RMRC),
2006
Written by PaLATE developers. PaLATE used
to look at environmental implications of road
infrastructure.
February 22,
2007
Presentation involving PaLATE. Covers topic
of life-cycle assessment (LCA) with specific
examples on municipal solid waste (MSW)
together with a PaLATE case study in Wisconsin
Date
Unknown
Presentation involving PaLATE.
140
University of New
Hampshire
Recycled Materials Use
in Highways Reducing
Life Cycle Impacts, Dr.
Kevin Gardner,
Recycled Materials
Resource Center
(RMRC), University of
New Hampshire
A Life Cycle Analysis
Model And Decision
Support Tool For
Selecting Recycled
Versus Virgin Materials
For Highway
Applications, PaLATE,
Arpad Horvath,
University of California,
Berkeley, Prepared for
Recycled Materials
Resource Center at the
University of New
Hampshire, March 2004
Life Cycle Based Risk
Assessment of Recycled
Materials in Roadway
Construction, A.C.
Carpenter, K.H.
Gardner, J. Fopiano,
C.H. Benson, T.B. Edil,
Recycled Materials
Resource Center,
University of New
Hampshire, College of
Date
Unknown,
Post Alberta
Carpenter
Case Study
Presentation involving PaLATE. Talks about
green highways, gives a brief overview of the
RMRC, presents two LCA road construction
models with life-cycle costing components:
PaLATE and its case study having to do with the
New Hampshire DOT and then ROAD-RES and
a related case study that is featured in the
document Life Cycle Assessment Model for
Road Construction and Use of Residues from
Waste Incineration produced out of the Institute
of Environment and Resources at the Technical
University of Denmark
March 2007
Report outlines PaLATE and tool structure.
Report that presents an overview of PaLATE
more so than other existing documents written
by the developers, including the introduction
worksheet of the application. Still users should
be careful not to depend on this as a user guide.
Characterizes the tool to comprise of an
environmental module and an economic module.
Focuses on PM 10 and foundry sand in terms of
the emissions and materials included in the
application.
March 2007
PaLATE used together with another decision
support tool to perform case study analysis.
141
Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, March
2007
Life Cycle Assessment
as a Tool for
Sustainable
Transportation
Infrastructure
2007
Management, Draft,
Gerardo Flintsch,
Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State
University
Handbook of
Environmentally
Conscious
Transportation
Pavement and Bridge
2007
Management and
Maintenance, Draft, Sue
McNeil, Department of
Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University
of Delaware
Transportation Community Progress Report on
Sustainable Transportation (Includes discussions
on LCA)
Transportation Community Progress Report on
Sustainable Transportation (Includes discussions
on LCA)
142
Publications Rumored
to demonstrate LCA
application to road
construction: A Review
of the Use of Recycled
Solid Waste Materials in
Asphalt Pavements in
Journal: Resources,
Conservation and
Recycling & The
Application of Recycled
Waste Materials in the
2007
Construction of Asphalt
Pavements in Journal
World Congress 2007:
Challenging the Future,
Heidrich Oliver, Huang
Yue, Roger Bird,
School of Civil
Engineering and
Geosciences, University
of New Castle upon
Tyne
Publication authors conducted a PowerPoint
describing and characterizing existing LCA road
construction models
143
Appendix B
PALATE WORKSHEETS
144
Table B.1
PaLATE Worksheets.
Worksheets
(In Order As
They Appear
In PaLATE)
Introduction
Design
Initial
Construction
Brief Description
Gives title of the tool and states one of the main agencies
behind its development: Consortium on Green Design and
Manufacturing at the University of California at Berkeley.
Gives acronym glossary. One portion labeled as the user
manual dated December 13, 2003 describes PaLATE
Microsoft® Excel worksheet classification into input, output,
and data worksheets. Its dialogue goes on to describe the
design, initial construction, maintenance, equipment, costs, cost
results, environmental results, references, and data worksheets.
Users should be careful to extend the text box in which the
"user manual" is located to its full extent.
Pavement life-cycle diagram shown. Pavement structure layers
shown. Users input pavement dimensions and period of
analysis. Densities used for materials and processes throughout
the application are shown in chart form. These density charts
draw on the densities worksheet. Further, while pavement
structure volumes are calculated these are for user perspective
only and detached from application calculations. Period of
analysis is utilized by the cost worksheet in the economic
calculations of the tool.
Users enter material volumes, one-way transport distance, and
transport mode according to pavement structure layer (row
structure) and project type (column structure). Material
volumes are summed for all columns. These sums are what the
two output worksheets (environmental results worksheet and
cost worksheet) in the application draw on for material
volumes. Material volumes and transport mode make up
various "calculations components" used to describe
calculations in this thesis described in the economic and
environmental calculation components tables. How these
calculation components are connected to outputs are shown in
the economic and environmental upper level grids. While this
worksheet acts as an input worksheet it also performs a number
of calculations off to the right of input columns. These have to
do with the material transport life-cycle stage and its resulting
outputs.
145
Maintenance
Equipment
Cost ($)
Same as initial construction except for materials for each
pavement structure differ slightly as well as some construction
processes that are maintenance techniques.
Users select from a set of equipment models for each pavement
construction activity. Pavement construction activities depend
either on a certain material or are calculated according to total
materials used in each pavement structure layer, and therefore
are independent of material type used. To the right of user
selection columns, a number of calculations regarding
equipment performance are conducted based according to data
included in the equipment details worksheet. These
calculations are utilized by the environmental results
worksheet. Users can disable an activity through the selection
of "none" and add equipment associated with an activity
through the selection of "other" and modifications made to the
equipment details worksheet.
Contains four calculation tables - one green and orange table
assigned to a base scenario and one green and orange table
assigned to an alternative scenario. Scenarios represent a
combination of initial construction material volumes and
maintenance schedules. These scenarios differ only in their
discount rate. NPV and annualized costs are calculated for
each. Green tables provide space where labor, equipment, and
overhead & profit are to be included in annual unit costs to
determine annual actual costs. Orange tables provide space
where labor, equipment, and overhead & profit are not to be
included in annual actual costs. Similarities exist between
headings for each table, though calculations are meant to be
different. Expected values for each heading are provided based
according to an extensive amount of data located in the cost
data worksheet. These expected values are for perspective and
are not included in calculations. The cost worksheet draws on
"summary tables" in the cost data worksheet, in which some
cells are blank leaving the users to select from the information
in the cost data worksheet what is most suitable and fill the
tables themselves. This relates to the customizability of the
tool and the goals of developers.
146
Cost ($)
Results
Graphical representations of calculations performed in cost
worksheet. Summary tables of calculation outputs are
provided.
Environmental
Results
Calculates environmental outputs at several levels.
Disaggregate tables are located to the right bottom portion of
the worksheet according to pavement life-cycle stage (initial
construction and maintenance), pavement structure layer and
life-cycle stage (material production, material transport, and
processes) for each material and construction process. These
are summed to right on the upper portion. Final summations
are presented in a third table on the left upper portion. Unit
conversions exist throughout calculations and are inconsistent
of location between environmental outputs. Graphical
representations are provided.
References
Shows references classified according to sections relating to
each worksheet generally.
Data
Divider worksheet. Has no data.
Densities
Houses densities and associated assumptions utilized by the
tool throughout.
Equipment
Details
EMF
Transport
Houses a number of data gathered from a variety of references
including equipment manufacturing websites and environmental
texts. For each type of equipment there exists several models.
Several equipment types are tied to each activity that are
documented in the equipment worksheet.
Houses a large sum of data used in all life-cycle stages
(material production, material transport, and processes) from
emission factors stemming from EPA sources related to
engines, to human related environmental outputs (HTP data
featured here is utilized only in the material transport phase),
BSFC, and EIO data. These are all detailed in the
environmental and economic calculation component tables.
Fumes
HTP data used in the material production phase relating to
asphalt fumes according to laboratory temperatures.
Leachates
HTP data used in the material production phase relating to
average concentrations of metals in pavement construction
materials in calculation of leaching potential of construction
147
materials. A significant contributor to the environmental
impacts of pavement construction materials includes those
related to the presence of heavy metals and salts and the
potential long term leaching that can result when placed in
landfills and/or road construction projects.
Cost Data
Used to present expected values in the cost worksheet for user
perspective. Not utilized in calculations. Suggestive material
for users to select from if needed. Summary tables at the
bottom of the worksheet are what is drawn on by the cost
worksheet.
Conversions
Utilized throughout program. Provides information on diesel
heat content and diesel density. Information on diesel carbon
content is a repeat of what is housed in the EMF transport
worksheet under the section of diesel carbon content.
However, the application utilizes mainly this worksheet for this
information.
Diagrams
Diagrams expand on the pavement life-cycle shown at the top
of the majority of worksheets relating to asphalt and concrete.
148
Appendix C
PALATE CALCULATION COMPONENTS
149
Table C.1
Calculation
Component
Material
Volume
Inputs
Material
Totals
Calculation Components Table.
Major
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
Utilized by all environmental
outputs. Utilized by green table
economic outputs. Names for
Initial
material volume inputs differ from
Constructio disaggregate calculations that
User
n,
exist, despite these disaggregate
Input
Maintenanc calculations being performed
e
mainly according to pavement
construction material. That is why
shown to demonstrate input and
output connectivity.
Those variables in the initial
construction and maintenance
worksheets that are totals of
materials used in each pavement
structure layer. Calculations
performed based on these
parameters are independent of
Initial
material type. Include: Total:
Embedde
Constructio Hot-mix asphalt to site, Total:
d
n,
Ready-mix concrete mix to site,
Calculati
Maintenanc and Total: Subbase materials to
on
e
site. To utilize these calculations
users can either allow PaLATE to
perform summations or manipulate
the application by replacing the
summation formula - in this regard
these cells can represent a user
input as opposed to an embedded
calculation.
150
Exist only in the maintenance
worksheet. These include HIPR,
CIR, FDR, rubblization, etc.
Process
Initial
Rather than summing materials
Volume
Constructio
User
used, the program asks users to
Inputs
n,
Input
enter the total amount of material
(Maintenance
Maintenanc
involved in each of these processes
)
e
and then calculations are
performed based according to cost
and equipment.
Utilized in all environmental
outputs but not economic outputs.
Default
Design,
Converts volumes to mass for
Density
Data
Densities
materials and processes. Many
assumptions and ranges presented
for each density used.
Calculation Components Relating to Equipment and Process/Activity Related
Major
Calculation
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
Component
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
Utilized in environmental
calculations. For each pavement
construction activity a series of
equipment types are associated.
User
For each equipment type a number
Selection
of models can be selected. In the
,
Equipment, environmental upper level table,
Equipment
Embedde Equipment
users can see the activity and
d
Details
equipment types used for each
Calculati
environmental output. These are
on
further shown in the activities flow
chart according to on-site
activities, off-site activities, and
those activities relating to
transportation.
Equipment, A number of different ways of
Embedde
Equipment
calculating exist. One main one
Fuel
d
Details,
has to do with BSFC featured on
Consumption Calculati
EMF
the EMF transport worksheet for
on
transport
equipment.
151
Productivity
Embedde
d
Calculati
on
Equipment,
Equipment
Details
A number of different ways of
calculating exist.
Calculations are based according
to EPA emission factors produced
for hot mix asphalt plants. This is
Embedde
different than other activity
Equipment,
HMA
d
calculations. All calculations are
Equipment
Production
Calculati
housed in the equipment details
Details
on
worksheet despite the involved
emission factors, which would
normally be housed in the EMF
transport worksheet.
Calculation Components Relating to Emission Factors and Air Quality
Major
Calculation
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
Component
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
152
EIO
Embedde
d
Calculati
on
EMF
Transport
Makes up the hybrid quality of
PaLATE as a result of its matrix
LCA nature. Takes an economic
input-output (EIO) table
representing various sectors
whose geographic scope extends
to national boundaries and
augments it using environmental
vectors to determine
environmental impacts. The EIOLCA matrix, a source for several
emission factors, is among the
many sources and calculations
utilized by PaLATE to determine
emission factors. Economic
sectors utilized include: asphalt
paving mixtures and blocks, readymix concrete, blast furnaces and
steel mills, sand and gravel,
bitumen (petroleum refining),
cement, concrete additives
(chemicals and chemical
preparations, n.e.c.), asphalt
emulsion (petroleum refining),
water (water supply and sewer
systems), and electric
services/utilities. Because EIOLCA emission factors are available
in metric tons per dollar of sector
output, the present framework
uses average U.S. producer prices
in $/metric ton for each material
(from [Means 1997] and other
sources) in order to calculate
emissions per mass of material
used (see Calculation Component
Cost Data). In the case of
material production PM-10 and
virgin aggregate wearing course
materials and rock, gravel, and
sand subbase, shoulder, and
embankment materials the FIRE-
153
EPA calculation component is an
embedded calculation. The EIOLCA tool developed by Carnegie
Mellon University is available at
www.eiolca.net. It is used directly
at the website rather than by
downloading software.
FIRE-EPA
Default
Data
EMF
Transport
EPA’s Factor Information
REtrieval (FIRE) is a database
containing EPA’s recommended
emission estimation factors for
criteria and hazardous air
pollutants. Utilized in PM10
environmental calculations where
FIRE EPA is associated with truck
loading and unloading and coal fly
ash. Majority of data utilized is
for construction gravel and sand.
154
Diesel
Carbon
Content
Default
Data,
Embedde
d
Calculati
on
Emission factor used to calculate
CO2 emissions based according to
percentage of carbon in the fuel,
the ratio of carbon to CO2, and a
combustion energy factor.
Included in this calculation are the
use of the ratio of the molecular
weight of CO2 (m.w. 44) to the
molecular weight of carbon
(m.w.12): 44/12 and the use of an
oxidation factor that accounts for
a small portion of the fuel that is
not oxidized into CO2 as required
EMF
by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Transport,
Climate Change (IPCC) for the
Conversions calculation of emission inventories
associated with all oil and oil
products where the oxidation
factor used is 0.99 (99 percent of
the carbon in the fuel is eventually
oxidized, while 1 percent remains
un-oxidized). Source: Gasoline
and Diesel Industrial EnginesEmission Factor Documentation
for AP-42 Section 3.3, USEPA,
October 1996;
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42
/ch03/bgdocs/b03s03.pdf;
Accessed 03/20/02 at 12PM
155
USEPA AP42 Section
3.3 Emission
Factors
Default
Data
EMF
Transport
BSFC
Default
Data
EMF
Transport
Hot Mix
Asphalt
Plants EPA
Default
Data
EMF
Transport
Draws on the Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors,
Volume I: Stationary Point and
Area Sources (AP 42), Chapter 3
Stationary Internal Combustion
Sources, Section 3.3 Gasoline and
Diesel Industrial Engines. The
engine category addressed by this
section covers a wide variety of
industrial applications of both
gasoline and diesel internal
combustion engines such as aerial
lifts, fork lifts, mobile refrigeration
units, generators, pumps,
industrial sweepers/scrubbers,
material handling equipment (such
as conveyors), and portable welldrilling equipment.
Brake-specific fuel consumption.
Used to calculate environmental
performance of equipment.
Source: Notice of Public Meeting
to Consider Approval of
California's Emissions Inventory
for Off-Road Large CompressionIgnited Engines (>25HP) Using
New Offroad Emissions Model.
Meeting is scheduled for January
27, 2000
Used in the calculation of the
HMA production activity.
Source: [EPA 2000]
Used together with equipment in
environmental calculations.
Transportatio
Default
Source: ORNL:
n Energy
Conversions
Data
TRANSPORTATION ENERGY
Data
DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 Table B.1
Calculation Components Relating to Material Transportation
156
Calculation
Component
Transport
Mode
Major
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
Utilized in environmental outputs.
Users select from the following
transport modes: dump truck,
tanker truck, rail, barge, and
cement truck. Selections defined
by users are connected to
Microsoft® Excel columns to the
right of user input columns in both
the Initial Construction and
Maintenance worksheets. These
cells draw on a table at the top of
the worksheet which contains
variables (fuel efficiency, capacity,
energy consumption parameters,
and parameters relating to CO2,
Initial
Constructio NOx, PM 10, SO2, and CO
User
emissions for each mode) used
n,
Selection
Maintenanc together with other variables
,
e,
throughout PaLATE to produce
Embedde
Environmen environmental outputs. Fuel
d
tal Results, efficiency is based on heating or
Calculati
thermal values for fuels that
EMF
on
correspond to transport modes
Transport,
Conversions and the thermal value of diesel.
Energy relating to each of the
modes is dependent on the
Transportation Energy Data
Calculation Component. CO2
emissions for each of the modes is
related to the Diesel Carbon
Content Calculation Component.
Barge emissions are based on
emission factors for each of the
pollutants, nonmethane
hydrocarbons (NOx), average
passenger mass, and average
number of passengers associated
with ferry boat diesel. Barge
157
emissions exclude SO2 and CO
emissions. Dump, tanker, and
cement truck emissions are based
on emission factors for freight
trucking emissions for freight long
distance trucks. Rail emissions are
calculated based on rail emission
factors. Associated
components/sources:
Transportation Energy Data,
Diesel Carbon Content,
Cement/Dump/Tanker:
REFERENCE: OECD. 1997. The
Environmental Effects of Freight.
Table 9. Truck Air Pollution
Emission Factors, in grams/tonnekm, Rail: REFERENCE: OECD.
1997. The Environmental Effects
of Freight, Barge: REFERENCE:
TIET-4-10-03, transportation
emissions factors
One-Way
Transport
Distance
User
Input
Utilized in environmental
calculations. Hauling distances
are key factors for the
environmental effects arising from
the use of recycled materials.
PaLATE requires the analyst to
Initial
identify the transportation mode
construction
and distances associated with
,
every material used in the
Maintenanc
construction and maintenance
e
activities. The selection of a given
transportation mode combined
with fuel efficiency and emission
factors are used to calculate the
environmental effects from
materials transport.
158
Utilized in various environmental
calculations specifically HTP and
material transport. Source:
Heavy-Duty
Default
EMF
http://www.dieselnet.com/news/20
Diesel Toxic
Data
Transport
02/09epa.php, Health Assessment
Emissions
Document for Diesel Engine
Exhaust, US EPA, EPA/600/890/057F, May 2002.
Calculation Components Relating to Human Related
Major
Calculation
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
Component
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
HTP is calculated according to
leachates and fumes in the material
production phase. Leaching has to
do with the environmental
concerns about the use of
HTP Cancer
materials and the potential for
Water
certain constituents to leach into
(Leachates)
the soil and groundwater at
concentrations that can be
hazardous to human health and the
environment. Average metal
leachate concentrations for
materials are compared to one
Embedde
d
established by the Texas Risk
Leachates
Calculati
Reduction Program (TRRP).
HTP cancer due to water is
on
calculated for road construction
materials based on average metal
leachate concentrations (arsenic
HTP Non
and lead) in road construction
Cancer Water
materials together with benzene air
(Leachates)
equivalents. HTP non cancer due
to water is calculated for road
construction materials based on
average metal leachate
concentrations (aluminum,
antimony, arsenic, barium,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
159
lead, manganese, mercury,
molybdenum, nickel, selenium,
vanadium, and zinc) in road
construction materials together
with toluene air equivalents.
HTP Cancer
Air (Fumes)
Embedde
d
Calculati
on
HTP Non
Cancer Air
(Fumes)
Fumes
Utilized by PaLATE in material
production to include health
effects associated with asphalt
fumes. Such assessment is based
on information collected at the
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) and a
series of NIOSH asphalt fume
reports. The reports contain
emission factors and exposure
estimates for the major air releases
from asphalt storage and handling.
At higher temperatures the
chemical complexity of fumes
from asphalt paving are more
complex affecting the toxic
releases. Additionally, the way in
which asphalt is handled affects
the amount of emissions
generated. Used to calculate both
cancer and non cancer HTP mg
per ml of bitumen. HTP cancer air
is calculated based on chemical
analysis of storage tank and
laboratory generated paving
asphalt fume condensates together
with benz[a]anthracene and
chrysene. HTP non cancer air is
calculated based on chemical
160
analysis of storage tank and
laboratory generated paving
asphalt fume condensates together
with naphthalene, acenaphthene,
fluorene, phenanthrene,
anthracene, fluoranthene, and
pyrene. Chemical analysis of
storage tank and laboratory
generated paving asphalt fume
condensates can vary between
three user selections: tank fumes
at 149°C, laboratory fumes at
149°C, Laboratory fumes at
316°C. Source: U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services.
Public Health Service. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health. 2000. Hazard
Review Health Effects of
Occupational Exposure to
Asphalt. DHHS (NIOSH)
Publication No. 2001–110
Utilized to calculate HTP in
HTP Toxicity
material transport due to
Potential
aldehydes, benzo[a]pyren, and
Emissions
CDD/CDF. Source: Hertwich E
Weighting G, Mateles S F, Pease W S,
Non Cancer
McKone T E, "Human Toxicity
HTP Air
Embedde
Potentials for Life Cycle
d
EMF
Assessment and Toxics Release
Calculati Transport
Inventory Risk Screening",
HTP Toxicity
on
Environmental Toxicology and
Potential
Chemistry, 20(4), 2001.
Emissions
Aldehydes: Assumes a mixture of
Weighting 75% formaldehyde and 25%
Cancer HTP
acetaldehyde, after US EPA
Air
Health Assessment Document for
Diesel Fuel
Calculation Components Relating to life-cycle inventory (LCI) LCA stage
161
Calculation
Component
Energy (MJ)
Water
Consumption
(kg)
Major
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
PaLATE considers various types
of energy over the course of the
material production, material
transport, and processes life-cycle
stages demonstrating the different
types of energy that exist and the
variety of energy sources. For
example, during the material
Environmen production and process life-cycle
Output
tal Results
stages process energy, power, that
is required to support equipment
operations for the user defined
product system is considered. In
the case of material transport,
transportation energy is
considered that is required for the
various transportation modes
supported in PaLATE.
The use of water in varying
quantities is pervasive throughout
various manufacturing processes.
Environmen Therefore, water consumption is
Output
tal Results
considered for both material
production and processes lifecycle stages, not material
transport.
162
CO2 (kg)
Output
Environmen
tal Results
NOx (g)
Output
Environmen
tal Results
CO2 is calculated using several
methods. These include an
emission factor, brake-specific fuel
consumption, the use of the ratio
of the molecular weight of CO2
(m.w. 44) to the molecular weight
of carbon (m.w.12): 44/12, and
diesel carbon content. CO2
outputs can be used in the
determination of global warming
potential (GWP). GWP is the
LCA characterization method
associated with climate change
where climate change references
the rise in earth's temperature and
the greenhouse effect as a result of
human emissions that affect
radiative forcing in the
atmosphere. The
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) defines
the global warming potential
(GWP) of different greenhouse
gases that affect human health, the
natural environment, and the manmade environment.
Nitrogen oxides, or NOx, is the
generic term for a group of highly
reactive gases, all of which contain
nitrogen and oxygen in varying
amounts. Causes of concern
include respiratory problems, acid
rain, decreased atmospheric
visibility, chemical reactivity, and
global warming.
163
PM10 (g)
Output
Environmen
tal Results
SO2 (g)
Output
Environmen
tal Results
CO (g)
Output
Environmen
tal Results
PM 10 refers to airborne particle
matter whose diameter is less than
10 micrometers and therefore
includes both fine particles (less
than 2.5 micrometers in diameter)
and coarse dust (between 2.5 and
10 micrometers in diameter).
Related health concerns are due to
the ability of these particles to pass
through the nose and throat into
the lungs and vary considerably as
a result of the many chemicals that
make up these particles.
The release of sulfur dioxide to the
air occurs according to a number
of mechanisms. One example is
release due to the burning of raw
materials which naturally contain
sulfur for fuel and another are
volcanoes. Sulfur dioxide in the
air can cause respiratory problems
and accelerate the decay of the
built environment. When reacted
with other chemicals in the air
such as water vapor, nitrogen
oxides, etc. respiratory problems
result, visibility is impaired, and
acid rain damages ground matter.
Carbon monoxide is the result
from incomplete oxidation of
carbon combustion. There are a
number of sources of CO that led
to emissions both indoor and
outdoor. Depending on the
concentration and time of
exposure, various health effects
can be experienced ranging from
nausea, impaired vision, and
decreased coordination to death.
164
Hg (g)
Output
Pb (g)
Output
RCRA
Hazardous
Waste
Generated (g)
Output
Both lead and mercury emissions
Environmen to the air are a result of a number
tal Results
of sources. A broad range of
environmental ramifications of
these elements exists as a result of
Environmen the many instances to which it can
exist affecting human and animal
tal Results
chains, as well as that of water life.
Environmen
tal Results
One of the data sources the EIOLCA model utilized by PaLATE
includes is the 1993 biannual US
EPA report that documents the
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C
hazardous waste generation,
management, and shipment.
Enacted by Congress in 1976 and
carried out by the US EPA Office
of Solid Waste (OSW), RCRA
aims to protect human health and
the environment from a diversity
of hazardous and nonhazardous
wastes. RCRA Subtitle C
establishes a federal program to
manage hazardous wastes from
cradle to grave which includes
relations with a number of
hazardous waste handlers. g a
large number of hazardous waste
handlers. The consideration of
RCRA in the LCI phase of
PaLATE demonstrates the
advantages of including regulated
substances in assessments as a
result of data availability.
Additionally, uncertainties are
associated with this data having to
do with error in company reports.
165
Calculation Components Relating to life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA)
LCA stage
Major
Calculation
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
Component
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
HTP is a LCIA impact category
that pertains to pollutants or
environmental releases that act
Human
according to different mechanisms
Toxicity
Environmen of action and enter into a number
Potential
Output
of environmental compartments
tal Results
(HTP) cancer
relating to air, water, and land.
(g)
Therefore, HTP converts a
number of toxic emissions and
substances into a common unit for
comparison (i.e. HTP is a
heterogeneous LCIA impact
category). In PaLATE, HTP
accounts for the amount of
compounds that would leach if the
Human
material is placed in the landfill
Toxicity
Environmen (material production), asphalt
Potential
Output
fumes (material production), and
tal Results
(HTP) non
heavy-duty diesel emissions
cancer (g)
(material transport). HTP is not
calculated for the processes lifecycle stage. Consensus among the
LCA community on this impact
category is far from settled.
Calculation Components Relating to Both the Economic Green and Orange
Tables
Major
Calculation
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
Component
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
166
Expected
Cost
UCRF
Default
Data,
User
Input
Embedde
d
Calculati
on
Cost, Cost
Data
Not included in calculation.
Presented for each
material/process for user
convenience and perspective.
Values based on extensive
literature review whose results are
documented in the cost data
worksheet. Users can select from
this information which they'd like
to be presented in the cost
worksheet. The cost worksheet
draws on an area in the cost data
worksheet labeled as summary
tables for materials and processes.
These summary tables should be
filled in by users who wish to use
certain values.
Cost
Uniform capital recovery factor
(UCRF). Calculated using the
PMT Microsoft® Excel function
that draws on the discount rate
and period of analysis and is of the
type that indicates payments are
due at the beginning of the period.
Period of
Analysis
User
Input
Cost,
Design
Maximum of 40 years allowed.
The same period of analysis is
used in the base and alternative
scenarios. Used to calculate NPV
and annualized cost based on
UCRF.
Discount
Rate
User
Input
Cost
Used to calculate NPV in each of
the green and orange tables.
Cost
Includes base year (pertaining to
the initial construction values) and
years through to the end of the
period of analysis. Same schedule
utilized in the base and alternative
scenarios.
Maintenance
Schedule
User
Input
167
Calculation Components Relating to the Economic Green Table
Major
Calculation
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
Component
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
Initial
Construction
Initial
and
Same as the environmental
Constructio
Maintenance User
calculation components: material
n,
Material
Input
volume inputs, material totals, and
Maintenanc
Volume
process volume inputs.
e
Material/Proc
ess Inputs
Annual Unit
Cost
User
Input
Cost
User specified unit cost meant to
include labor, equipment, and
overhead & profit.
Annual
Actual Cost
Embedde
d
Calculati
on
Cost
Calculated based on annual unit
cost and material/process volumes.
Initial
Construction
Net Present
Value
Output
Maintenance
Net Present
Value
Output
Initial
Construction
Annualized
Cost
Maintenance
Annualized
Cost
The actual value for the base year
(year zero) as determined by the
Cost, Initial
initial construction material
construction
volumes and unit cost specified by
the user.
Using NPV function in
Microsoft® Excel draws on the
Cost
discount rate and the array of
actual costs over the period of
analysis.
Output
Cost
Based on Initial Construction
NPV and UCRF.
Output
Cost
Based on Maintenance NPV and
UCRF.
Calculation Components Relating to the Economic Orange Table
168
Calculation
Component
Initial
Construction
and
Maintenance
Material
Volume
Material/Proc
ess Inputs
Annual
Actual Cost
Major
Compone Correspondi
Explanation
nt Type
ng
Worksheets
User
Input
User
Input
Initial
Constructio
n,
Maintenanc
e
Same as the environmental
calculation components: material
volume inputs, material totals, and
process volume inputs. Different
than the green table these
material/process volumes are not
utilized in the calculation of NPV
and annualized cost outputs.
Cost
Different than in green table. This
has to do with difference between
the green and orange tables. In
the green table costs due to labor,
equipment, and overhead & profit
are included, in the orange table
they are not.
Net Present
Value
Output
Cost
Different than the green table.
Calculated based on discount rate
and the array of user specified
annual actual costs using the
Microsoft® Excel NPV function.
Annualized
Cost
Output
Cost
Based on NPV and UCRF.
169
Appendix D
ECONOMIC OUTPUT CALCULATION COMPONENT COMBINATIONS
170
Table D.1
Economic Output Calculation Component Combinations.
Green Table
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations [Cost]
Installed Asphalt
Paving Cost [Cost]
Installed Concrete
Paving Cost [Cost]
Installed Subbase &
Embankment
Construction Cost
[Cost]
Economic Outputs: Initial Construction Net
Present Value, Maintenance Net Present
Value, Initial Construction Annualized Cost,
Maintenance Annualized Cost
Expected Cost (Installed Asphalt Paving Cost)
[Cost Data], Initial Construction and
Maintenance Material/Process Volume Inputs
(Total: Asphalt mix to site - WC1, WC2,
WC3) [Initial Construction, Maintenance],
UCRF [Cost], Period of Analysis [Design,
Cost], Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance
Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit Cost [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Installed Concrete Paving
Cost) [Cost Data], Initial Construction and
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Total: Ready-mix
Concrete mix to site - WC1, WC2, WC3)
[Initial Construction, Maintenance], UCRF
[Cost], Period of Analysis [Design, Cost],
Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule
[Cost], Annual Unit Cost [Cost], Annual
Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Installed Subbase &
Embankment Construction Cost) [Cost Data],
Initial Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Total:
Subbase, Embankment, and Shoulder materials
to site - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Unit Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost
[Cost]
171
HIPR Cost
(Maintenance) [Cost]
CIR Cost
(Maintenance) [Cost]
Patching Cost
(Maintenance) [Cost]
Microsurfacing Cost
(Maintenance) [Cost]
Crack Sealing Cost
(Maintenance) [Cost]
Whitetopping Cost
(Maintenance) [Cost]
Expected Cost (HIPR) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (HIPR - WC1, WC2,
WC3) [Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (CIR) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (CIR - WC1, WC2,
WC3) [Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Patching) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Patching - WC1)
[Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Microsurfacing) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Microsurfacing WC1) [Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Crack Sealing) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Crack Sealing WC1) [Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Whitetopping) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Whitetopping - WC1)
[Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
172
Expected Cost (Rubblization) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Rubblization - WC1,
Rubblization Cost
WC2, WC3) [Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
(Maintenance) [Cost] Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Unit Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost
[Cost]
Expected Cost (Full-depth Reclamation) [Cost
Data], Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Full-depth
Full-depth
Reclamation - WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1)
Reclamation Cost
[Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
(Maintenance) [Cost]
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (State Tipping Costs - Tipping
Fee + Transportation) [Cost], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
RAP from site to
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RAP from
landfill (transportation site to landfill - WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1, SB2,
& disposal cost)
SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
[Cost]
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (State Tipping Costs - Tipping
Fee + Transportation) [Cost], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
RCM from site to
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RCM from
landfill (transportation site to landfill - WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1, SB2,
& disposal cost)
SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
[Cost]
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
RAP from site to
recycling facility
(transportation &
Actual calculation not performed. Provides
handling/processing
space to look at disposal alternatives.
revenue [-] or cost
[+]) [Cost]
173
RCM from site to
recycling facility
(transportation &
handling/processing
revenue [-] or cost
[+]) [Cost]
Orange Table
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations [Cost]
Virgin Aggregate
[Cost]
Bitumen [Cost]
Cement [Cost]
Actual calculation not performed. Provides
space to look at disposal alternatives.
Economic outputs: Net Present Value,
Annualized Cost (Outputs different than green
table.)
Expected Cost (Virgin Aggregate) [Cost
Data], Initial Construction and Maintenance
Material Volume Material/Process Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate - WC1, WC2, WC3) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Bitumen) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Bitumen WC1, WC2, WC3) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Cement) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Cement WC1, WC2, WC3) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
174
Concrete Additives
[Cost]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance) [Cost]
RAP from Asphalt
plant [Cost]
HIPR (Maintenance)
[Cost]
CIR (Maintenance)
[Cost]
Expected Cost (Concrete Additives) [Cost
Data], Initial Construction and Maintenance
Material Volume Material/Process Inputs
(Concrete Additives - WC1, WC2, WC3)
[Initial Construction, Maintenance], UCRF
[Cost], Period of Analysis [Design, Cost],
Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule
[Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Asphalt Emulsion) [Cost
Data], Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Asphalt Emulsion WC1, WC2, WC3) [Maintenance], UCRF
[Cost], Period of Analysis [Design, Cost],
Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule
[Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (RAP) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RAP
Transportation - WC1, WC2, WC3, RAP from
recycling plant to site - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4,
E&S) [Initial Construction, Maintenance],
UCRF [Cost], Period of Analysis [Design,
Cost], Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance
Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (HIPR) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (HIPR - WC1, WC2,
WC3) [Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (CIR) [Cost Data],
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (CIR - WC1, WC2,
WC3) [Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
175
RCM from Concrete
Plant [Cost]
Coal Fly Ash [Cost]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Cost]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Cost]
Expected Cost (RCM) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RCM
Transportation - WC1, WC2, WC3, RCM
from recycling plant to site - SB1, SB2, SB3,
SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Coal Fly Ash) [Cost Data],
Initial Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Coal Fly Ash
- WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4,
E&S) [Initial Construction, Maintenance],
UCRF [Cost], Period of Analysis [Design,
Cost], Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance
Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Coal Bottom Ash) [Cost
Data], Initial Construction and Maintenance
Material Volume Material/Process Inputs
(Coal Bottom Ash - WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Blast Furnace Slag) [Cost
Data], Initial Construction and Maintenance
Material Volume Material/Process Inputs
(Blast Furnace Slag - WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
176
Recycled Tires/
Crumb Rubber [Cost]
Glass Cullet [Cost]
Water [Cost]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars [Cost]
RAP from site to
landfill [Cost]
Expected Cost (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Cost Data], Initial Construction and
Maintenance Material Volume
Material/Process Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber - WC1, WC2, WC3,
SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Glass Cullet) [Cost Data],
Initial Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Glass Cullet
- WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4,
E&S) [Initial Construction, Maintenance],
UCRF [Cost], Period of Analysis [Design,
Cost], Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance
Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Water) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Water WC1, WC2, WC3) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Steel Reinforcing Bars) [Cost
Data], Initial Construction and Maintenance
Material Volume Material/Process Inputs
(Steel Reinforcing Bars - WC1, WC2, WC3)
[Initial Construction, Maintenance], UCRF
[Cost], Period of Analysis [Design, Cost],
Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule
[Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (RAP) [Cost], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RAP from
site to landfill - WC1, WC2, WC3, RAP from
site to landfill - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S)
[Initial Construction, Maintenance], UCRF
[Cost], Period of Analysis [Design, Cost],
Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule
177
[Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
RCM from site to
landfill [Cost]
Rock [Cost]
Gravel [Cost]
Sand [Cost]
Expected Cost (RCM) [Cost], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RCM from
site to landfill - WC1, WC2, WC3, RCM from
site to landfill - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S)
[Initial Construction, Maintenance], UCRF
[Cost], Period of Analysis [Design, Cost],
Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule
[Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Rock) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Rock - SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Gravel) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Gravel SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Sand) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Sand - SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
178
Soil [Cost]
Labor [Cost]
Equipment [Cost]
Overhead & Profit
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Soil) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Soil - SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
179
Appendix E
ENVIRONMENTAL OUTPUT CALCULATION COMPONENT
COMBINATIONS
180
Table E.1
Environmental Output Calculation Component Combinations.
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Virgin Aggregate
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
EIO (Sand & Gravel, Water)
[Environmental
Gravel, Energy) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], Density
Results]
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen) (Bitumen) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Asphalt Bitumen
Maintenance], EIO (Bitumen,
EIO (Bitumen, Water
[Environmental
Energy) [EMF Transport],
Consumption) [EMF
Results]
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Transport], Density (Bitumen)
Construction, Maintenance,
[Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Cement
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Water Consumption) [EMF
[Environmental
Energy) [EMF Transport],
Transport], Density (Cement)
Results]
Density (Cement) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design,
Design, Densities]
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete (Concrete Additives) [Initial
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Concrete Additives Maintenance], EIO (Concrete
EIO (Concrete Additives,
[Environmental
Additives, Energy) [EMF
Water Consumption) [EMF
Results]
Transport], Density (Concrete
Transport], Density (Concrete
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Additives) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
181
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
RCM Demolition
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Energy) [EMF
Transport], Density (Asphalt
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
- Multihead Breaker, Wheel
Loader - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
182
Material Volume Inputs
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption) [EMF
Transport], Density (Asphalt
Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM Crushing
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader, Dozer,
Generator - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Water
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Water)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water,
Energy), Density (Water) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Blast Furnaces And Steel Mills,
Energy), Density (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
183
Material Volume Inputs
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water,
Water Consumption) [EMF
Transport], Density (Water)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Blast Furnaces And Steel
Mills, Water Consumption)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Steel Reinforcing Bars)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction, Maintenance],
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Granulator + Classifier +
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier Aspirator System - Super
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
Equipment Details], Density
(Electric Services/Utilities,
(Recycled Tires/Crumb Rubber)
Water Consumption) [EMF
[Initial Construction,
Transport], Density (Recycled
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor + Conveyor + Shredder System Shredder System - Pulverizer Pulverizer - Fuel
Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption), EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, Water
Equipment Details], Density
(Glass Cullet) [Initial
Consumption), Density (Glass
Construction, Maintenance,
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
(Energy) [Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
184
Design, Densities]
Total: Ready-Mix
Concrete
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Ready-Mix Concrete, Energy)
[EMF Transport], BSFC [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (ReadyMix Concrete, Water
Consumption) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Virgin Aggregate
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
EIO (Sand & Gravel, NOx)
[Environmental
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], Density
Results]
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
185
Asphalt Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Bitumen, NO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Bitumen)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
NO2) [EMF Transport],
CO2) [EMF Transport], Density
Density (Cement) [Initial
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete (Concrete Additives) [Initial
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Concrete
EIO (Concrete Additives,
Additives, CO2) [EMF
NO2) [EMF Transport],
Transport], Density (Concrete
Density (Concrete Additives)
Additives) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, NO2)
Emulsion, CO2) [EMF
[EMF Transport], Density
Transport], Density (Asphalt
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Machine - Engine Capacity,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], Diesel
Equipment Details], USEPA
Carbon Content [EMF Transport, AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Conversions], Density (RAP)
Factors (NOx) [EMF
[Initial Construction,
Transport], Density (RAP)
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Bitumen,
CO2) [EMF Transport], Density
(Bitumen) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
186
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM Demolition
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
- Multihead Breaker, Wheel
Loader - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM Crushing
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader, Dozer,
Generator - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], Diesel
Carbon Content[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Water
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Water)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water, CO2)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
187
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM), Equipment
(Concrete Demolition Multihead Breaker, Wheel
Loader - Engine Capacity,
Productivity), USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(NOx) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Dozer, Generator Productivity, Engine
Capacity), USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(NOx) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water,
NO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Water) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Blast Furnaces And Steel Mills,
CO2) [EMF Transport], Density
(Steel Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Blast Furnaces And Steel
Mills, NO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Steel Reinforcing
Bars) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, CO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Granulator + Classifier +
Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
NO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Recycled
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
188
Design, Densities]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor +
Shredder System - Pulverizer Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, CO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
(CO2) [Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
189
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Conveyor + Shredder System Pulverizer - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
NO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (HMA Production
- Asphalt Mixer) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], Hot Mix
Asphalt Plants EPA (CO2)
[Equipment Details], Density
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Total: Ready-Mix
Concrete
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Ready-Mix Concrete, CO2)
[EMF Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (ReadyMix Concrete, NO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Hg (FIRE-EPA
(Construction Sand & Gravel Aggregate Storage, Material
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Sand & Gravel, SO2)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Asphalt Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen) (Bitumen) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Bitumen,
EIO (Bitumen, SO2) [EMF
PM10) [EMF Transport], Density Transport], Density (Bitumen)
(Bitumen) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
190
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Cement) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete (Concrete Additives) [Initial
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Concrete
EIO (Concrete Additives,
Additives, PM10) [EMF
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Transport], Density (Concrete
Density (Concrete Additives)
Additives) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, SO2)
Emulsion, PM10) [EMF
[EMF Transport], Density
Transport], Density (Asphalt
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Engine Capacity,
Machine - Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
Equipment Details], USEPA APAP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Factors (SO2) [EMF
(PM10) [EMF Transport],
Transport], Density (RAP)
Density (RAP) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design,
Design, Densities]
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
PM10) [EMF Transport], Density
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
191
RCM Demolition
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
- Multihead Breaker, Wheel
Loader - Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA AP42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(PM10) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM Crushing
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader, Dozer,
Generator - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
3.3 Emission Factors (PM10)
[EMF Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Water
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Water)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water,
PM10) [EMF Transport], Density
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Blast Furnaces And Steel Mills,
PM10) [EMF Transport], Density
(Steel Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
192
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete
Demolition - Multihead
Breaker, Wheel Loader Engine Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Dozer, Generator Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water,
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Water) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Blast Furnaces And Steel
Mills, SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Steel Reinforcing
Bars) [Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], FIRE-EPA (Fly
Ash Sintering) [EMF Transport],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, PM10) [EMF
Transport], Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
193
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Granulator + Classifier +
Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor +
Shredder System - Pulverizer Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, PM10) [EMF
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
(PM10) [Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Total: Ready-Mix
Concrete
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Ready-Mix Concrete, PM10)
[EMF Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Conveyor + Shredder System Pulverizer - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (HMA Production
- Asphalt Mixer) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], Hot Mix
Asphalt Plants EPA (SO2)
[Equipment Details], Density
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (ReadyMix Concrete, SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
194
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
CO (g)
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Asphalt Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Hg (g)
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Sand & Gravel, Hg)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen) (Bitumen) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Bitumen, CO) EIO (Bitumen, Hg) [EMF
[EMF Transport], Density
Transport], Density (Bitumen)
(Bitumen) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement, CO)
Hg) [EMF Transport], Density
[EMF Transport], Density
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Concrete
EIO (Concrete Additives, Hg)
Additives, CO) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], Density
Density (Concrete Additives)
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
Material Volume Inputs
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Construction, Maintenance],
Emulsion, CO) [EMF Transport], EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg)
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
[EMF Transport], Density
[Initial Construction,
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
195
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA AP42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM Demolition
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
- Multihead Breaker, Wheel
Loader - Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA AP42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
196
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Content[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete
Demolition - Multihead
Breaker, Wheel Loader Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Content [Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM Crushing
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader, Dozer,
Generator - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
3.3 Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Water
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Water)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water, CO)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Blast Furnaces And Steel Mills,
CO) [EMF Transport], Density
(Steel Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
197
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Dozer, Generator Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Content [Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water,
Hg) [EMF Transport], Density
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Blast Furnaces And Steel
Mills, Hg) [EMF Transport],
Density (Steel Reinforcing
Bars) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Equipment
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier Granulator + Classifier +
+ Aspirator System - Super
Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric Equipment Details], EIO
Services/Utilities, CO) [EMF
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Transport], Density (Recycled
Hg) [EMF Transport], Density
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Construction, Maintenance,
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor + Conveyor + Shredder System Shredder System - Pulverizer Pulverizer - Fuel
Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric Equipment Details], EIO
Services/Utilities, CO) [EMF
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet) Hg) [EMF Transport], Density
[Initial Construction,
(Glass Cullet) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
(CO) [Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
198
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Total: Ready-Mix
Concrete
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Ready-Mix Concrete, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (ReadyMix Concrete, Hg), Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Virgin Aggregate
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
EIO (Sand & Gravel, RCRA
[Environmental
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Hazardous Waste Generated)
Results]
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[EMF Transport], Density
[Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
199
Asphalt Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen)
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
EIO (Bitumen, RCRA
Maintenance], EIO (Bitumen, Pb)
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Density
[EMF Transport], Density
(Bitumen) [Initial Construction,
(Bitumen) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Cement) (Cement) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement, Pb)
RCRA Hazardous Waste
[EMF Transport], Density
Generated) [EMF Transport],
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Density (Cement) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete
Construction, Maintenance],
Additives) [Initial Construction,
EIO (Concrete Additives,
Maintenance], EIO (Concrete
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Additives, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Generated) [EMF Transport],
Density (Concrete Additives)
Density (Concrete Additives)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
Construction, Maintenance],
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Generated) [EMF Transport],
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
200
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Diesel Carbon
Content[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM Demolition
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
- Multihead Breaker, Wheel
Loader - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
201
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Diesel
Carbon Content[Conversions,
EMF Transport], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete
Demolition - Multihead
Breaker, Wheel Loader Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Diesel
Carbon Content [Conversions,
EMF Transport], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM Crushing
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader, Dozer,
Generator - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Water
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Water)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water, Pb)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Blast Furnaces And Steel Mills,
Pb) [EMF Transport], Density
(Steel Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
202
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Dozer, Generator Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Diesel
Carbon Content [Conversions,
EMF Transport], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Water) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Water,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF Transport],
Density (Water) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Blast Furnaces And Steel
Mills, RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction, Maintenance],
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Granulator + Classifier +
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier
Aspirator System - Super
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Services/Utilities, Pb) [EMF
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Transport], Density (Recycled
Generated) [EMF Transport],
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Density (Recycled
Construction, Maintenance,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Maintenance], Equipment
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
Conveyor + Shredder System Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor +
Pulverizer - Fuel
Shredder System - Pulverizer Consumption) [Equipment,
Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Services/Utilities, Pb) [EMF
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet)
Generated) [EMF Transport],
[Initial Construction,
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
203
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Total: Ready-Mix
Concrete
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], EIO
(Ready-Mix Concrete, Pb),
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (ReadyMix Concrete, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated),
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Siliceous Gravel - Aluminum,
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Antimony, Arsenic, Barium,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
Virgin Aggregate
Beryllium, Cadmium,
(Siliceous Gravel - Arsenic, Lead [Environmental
Chromium, Lead, Manganese,
HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
Results]
Mercury, Molybdenum,
[Leachate], Density (Virgin
Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium,
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Zinc - HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
204
Asphalt Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen)
HTP Non Cancer Air
[Initial Construction,
(Chemical Analysis of Storage
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Air
Tank and Laboratory
(Chemical Analysis of Storage
Generated Paving Asphalt
Tank and Laboratory Generated
Fume Condensates Paving Asphalt Fume Condensates
Naphthalene, Acenaphthene,
- Benz[a]anthracene and
Fluorene, Phenanthrene,
Chrysene) [Fumes], Density
Anthracene, Fluoranthene,
(Bitumen) [Initial Construction,
Pyrene) [Fumes], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Cement Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
Aluminum, Antimony,
[Initial Construction,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
(Cement - Arsenic, Lead - HTP
Manganese, Mercury,
Cancer Water Benzene)
Molybdenum, Nickel,
[Leachate], Density (Cement)
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc [Initial Construction,
HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
205
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Cancer Water (RAP - Arsenic,
Lead - HTP Cancer Water
Benzene) [Leachate], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM Demolition
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Cancer Water (RCP - Arsenic,
Lead - HTP Cancer Water
Benzene) [Leachate], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Initial Construction - WC 1, 2, 3)
206
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water (RAP
- Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water (RCP
- Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities] (Initial Construction
- WC 1, 2, 3)
RCM Crushing
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Cancer Water (RCP - Arsenic,
Lead - HTP Cancer Water
Benzene) [Leachate], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Maintenance - WC 1, 2, 3)
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water (RCP
- Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities] (Maintenance - WC
1, 2, 3)
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(Fly Ash - Arsenic, Lead - HTP
Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Fly Ash Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Water
[Environmental
Results]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
207
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water (Coal
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash - Aluminum,
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Antimony, Arsenic, Barium,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
Beryllium, Cadmium,
(Coal Bottom Ash - Arsenic, Lead
Chromium, Lead, Manganese,
- HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
Mercury, Molybdenum,
[Leachate], Density (Coal Bottom
Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium,
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Zinc - HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Coal Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
HTP Non Cancer Water
Furnace Slag) [Initial
(Foundry Slag - Aluminum,
Construction, Maintenance], HTP Antimony, Arsenic, Barium,
Cancer Water (Foundry Slag Beryllium, Cadmium,
Arsenic, Lead - HTP Cancer
Chromium, Lead, Manganese,
Water Benzene) [Leachate],
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium,
[Initial Construction,
Zinc - HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Blast Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry Construction, Maintenance],
Sand) [Initial Construction,
HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water (Foundry Sand - Aluminum,
(Foundry Sand - Arsenic, Lead Antimony, Arsenic, Barium,
HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
Beryllium, Cadmium,
[Leachate], Density (Foundry
Chromium, Lead, Manganese,
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium,
Zinc - HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
208
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Total: Ready-Mix
Concrete
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Cancer Water (PCC Concrete Arsenic, Lead - HTP Cancer
Water Benzene) [Leachate],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities] (Initial
Construction - WC 1, 2, 3)
209
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (PCC Concrete
- Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc Non Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities] (Initial Construction
- WC 1, 2, 3)
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
RAP to recycling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
plant
Consumption) [Equipment,
[Environmental
Equipment Details],
Results]
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
RAP from recycling
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator plant to site
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Environmental
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Results]
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
210
RCM to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
- Multi head breaker, Wheel
Loader - Fuel Consumption,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
(crushing)) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Energy) [EMF Transport],
Density (Cement) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
211
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Water Consumption) [EMF
Transport], Density (Cement)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction, Maintenance],
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Granulator + Classifier +
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier Aspirator System - Super
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
Equipment Details], Density
(Electric Services/Utilities,
(Recycled Tires/Crumb Rubber)
Water Consumption) [EMF
[Initial Construction,
Transport], Density (Recycled
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor + Conveyor + Shredder System Shredder System - Pulverizer Pulverizer - Fuel
Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption), EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, Water
Equipment Details], Density
(Glass Cullet) [Initial
Consumption), Density (Glass
Construction, Maintenance,
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
Material Volume Inputs
[Initial Construction,
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Energy) [EMF Transport], Gravel, Water) [EMF
Density (Rock) [Initial
Transport], Density (Rock)
212
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Water) [EMF
Transport], Density (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Water) [EMF
Gravel, Energy) [EMF Transport],
Transport], Density (Sand)
Density (Sand) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design,
Design, Densities]
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Energy) [EMF Transport],
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
213
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
RAP to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
RCM to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
to Recycling Plant) [Initial
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity,
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
Equipment Details], Diesel
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Carbon Content [EMF Transport, Factors (NOx) [EMF
Conversions], Density (RAP)
Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
[Initial Construction,
from recycling plant to site)
Maintenance], Equipment
[Initial Construction,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Maintenance], Equipment
Wheel Loader, Dozer,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Generator - Productivity,
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Equipment Details], USEPA
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Factors (NOx) [EMF
Transport, Conversions], Density
Transport], Density (RAP)
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to Material Volume Inputs (RCM
recycling plant) [Initial
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete Demolition Equipment (Concrete
- Multi head breaker, Wheel
Demolition - Multi head
Loader - Fuel Consumption,
breaker, Wheel Loader Productivity) [Equipment,
Engine Capacity, Productivity)
Equipment Details], Diesel
[Equipment, Equipment
Carbon Content [EMF Transport, Details], USEPA AP-42
214
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(NOx) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
(crushing)) [Initial
from recycling plant to site
Construction, Maintenance],
(crushing)) [Initial Construction,
Equipment (Crushing Plant Maintenance], Equipment
Excavator, Wheel Loader,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Dozer, Generator - Engine
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Capacity, Productivity)
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Details], USEPA AP-42
Diesel Carbon Content[ EMF
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Transport, Conversions], Density
(NOx) [EMF Transport],
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Density (RCM) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
NO2) [EMF Transport],
CO2) [EMF Transport], Density
Density (Cement) [Initial
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
215
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Equipment
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier Granulator + Classifier +
+ Aspirator System - Super
Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric Equipment Details], EIO
Services/Utilities, CO2) [EMF
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Transport], Density (Recycled
NO2) [EMF Transport],
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Density (Recycled
Construction, Maintenance,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor + Conveyor + Shredder System Shredder System - Pulverizer Pulverizer - Fuel
Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric Equipment Details], EIO
Services/Utilities, CO2) [EMF
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet) NO2) [EMF Transport],
[Initial Construction,
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, NOx) [EMF
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
Transport], Density (Rock)
Density (Rock) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design,
Design, Densities]
Densities]
216
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Diesel Carbon Content[EMF
Transport, Conversions], Density
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, NOx) [EMF
Transport], Density (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, NOx) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Engine Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(NOx) [EMF Transport],
Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
217
RAP to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
RCM to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity,
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
Maintenance], Equipment
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Wheel Loader, Dozer,
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator - Generator - Productivity,
Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Equipment Details], USEPA
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Emission Factors (PM10) [EMF
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial Transport], Density (RAP)
Construction, Maintenance,
[Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
to recycling plant) [Initial
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Concrete
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
Demolition - Multi head
- Multi head breaker, Wheel
breaker, Wheel Loader Loader - Engine Capacity,
Engine Capacity, Productivity)
Productivity) [Equipment,
[Equipment, Equipment
Equipment Details], USEPA APDetails], USEPA AP-42
42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(PM10) [EMF Transport],
(SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
3.3 Emission Factors (PM10)
[EMF Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
218
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
(crushing)) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Engine Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (PM10) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
PM10) [EMF Transport], Density
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], FIRE-EPA (Fly
Ash Sintering) [EMF Transport],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
219
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
(crushing)) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Dozer, Generator - Engine
Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Cement) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, PM10) [EMF
Transport], Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor +
Shredder System - Pulverizer Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, PM10) [EMF
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, PM10 (FIRE-EPA
(Construction Sand & Gravel Aggregate Storage, Material
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
[EMF Transport], Density (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
220
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Granulator + Classifier +
Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Conveyor + Shredder System Pulverizer - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, PM10 (FIRE-EPA
(Construction Sand & Gravel Aggregate Storage, Material
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
[EMF Transport], Density
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, PM10 (FIRE-EPA
(Construction Sand & Gravel Aggregate Storage, Material
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
[EMF Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
221
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator - Engine
Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (PM10) [EMF
Transport], Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Engine Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA AP42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
222
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Content [Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
RCM to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
[Initial Construction,
from recycling plant to site)
Maintenance], Equipment
[Initial Construction,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Maintenance], Equipment
Wheel Loader, Dozer,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Generator - Productivity, Fuel
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Consumption) [Equipment,
Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Equipment Details], Diesel
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Carbon Content [EMF
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Transport, Conversions], EIO
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Transport], Density (RAP)
Construction, Maintenance,
[Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to Construction, Maintenance],
recycling plant) [Initial
Equipment (Concrete
Construction, Maintenance],
Demolition - Multi head
Equipment (Concrete Demolition breaker, Wheel Loader - Fuel
- Multi head breaker, Wheel
Consumption, Productivity)
Loader - Engine Capacity,
[Equipment, Equipment
Productivity) [Equipment,
Details], Diesel Carbon
Equipment Details], USEPA AP- Content [EMF Transport,
42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Transport] Density (RCM)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
223
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
(crushing)) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Crushing Plant (crushing)) [Initial Construction,
Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Dozer, Generator Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Engine Capacity, Productivity)
Equipment Details], EIO
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Content [Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement, CO)
Hg) [EMF Transport], Density
[EMF Transport], Density
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
224
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor +
Shredder System - Pulverizer Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Rock) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
225
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Granulator + Classifier +
Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Hg) [EMF Transport], Density
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Conveyor + Shredder System Pulverizer - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Hg) [EMF Transport], Density
(Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Hg) [EMF Transport],
Density (Rock) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator - Engine
Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Hg) [EMF Transport],
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Hg) [EMF Transport],
Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
226
RAP to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Diesel
Carbon Content [Conversions,
EMF Transport], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
[Initial Construction,
from recycling plant to site)
Maintenance], Equipment
[Initial Construction,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Maintenance], Equipment
Wheel Loader, Dozer,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Generator - Productivity, Fuel
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Consumption) [Equipment,
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Equipment Details], EIO
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Hazardous Waste Generated)
Transport, Conversions], EIO
[EMF Transport], Diesel
(Asphalt Emulsion, Pb) [EMF
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Transport, Conversions],
Construction, Maintenance,
Density (RAP) [Initial
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF Transport],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
227
RCM to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
Construction, Maintenance],
recycling plant) [Initial
Equipment (Concrete
Construction, Maintenance],
Demolition - Multi head
Equipment (Concrete Demolition
breaker, Wheel Loader - Fuel
- Multi head breaker, Wheel
Consumption, Productivity)
Loader - Fuel Consumption,
[Equipment, Equipment
Productivity) [Equipment,
Details], EIO (Asphalt
Equipment Details], Diesel
Emulsion, RCRA Hazardous
Carbon Content [EMF Transport,
Waste Generated) [EMF
Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Content [EMF Transport,
Density (RCM) [Initial
Conversions], Density (RCM)
Construction, Maintenance,
[Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
(crushing)) [Initial
from recycling plant to site
Construction, Maintenance],
(crushing)) [Initial Construction,
Equipment (Crushing Plant Maintenance], Equipment
Excavator, Wheel Loader,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Dozer, Generator Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator - Productivity, Fuel
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Consumption) [Equipment,
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Equipment Details], EIO
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Pb)
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
[EMF Transport], Diesel Carbon
Hazardous Waste Generated)
Content [Conversions, EMF
[EMF Transport], Diesel
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial Carbon Content [Conversions,
Construction, Maintenance,
EMF Transport], Density
Design, Densities]
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement,
Maintenance], EIO (Cement, Pb)
RCRA Hazardous Waste
[EMF Transport], Density
Generated) [EMF Transport],
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Density (Cement) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
228
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction, Maintenance],
(Tire Recycling: Shredder +
Equipment (Tire Recycling:
Granulator + Classifier +
Shredder + Granulator + Classifier
Aspirator System - Super
+ Aspirator System - Super
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Chopper, Heavy Rasper, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Classifier, Fine
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Granulator, Aspirator - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
(Electric Services/Utilities,
Services/Utilities, Pb) [EMF
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Transport], Density (Recycled
Generated) [EMF Transport],
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Density (Recycled
Construction, Maintenance,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
229
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (Glass
Recycling: Hopper + Conveyor +
Shredder System - Pulverizer Fuel Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Electric
Services/Utilities, Pb) [EMF
Transport], Density (Glass Cullet)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Rock) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
230
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Glass Recycling: Hopper +
Conveyor + Shredder System Pulverizer - Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Electric Services/Utilities,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF Transport],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Pb),
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF Transport],
Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated),
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
RAP to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Cancer Water (RAP - Arsenic,
Lead - HTP Cancer Water
Benzene) [Leachate], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water (RAP
- Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
231
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(RAP - Arsenic, Lead - HTP
Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (RAP Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
(crushing)) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(RCP - Arsenic, Lead - HTP
Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site
(crushing)) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water (RCP
- Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc -
RCM to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
232
HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(Cement - Arsenic, Lead - HTP
Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (Cement)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(Fly Ash - Arsenic, Lead - HTP
Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
233
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Cement Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Fly Ash Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Non Cancer Water (PCC
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Concrete - Aluminum,
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Antimony, Arsenic, Barium,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
Beryllium, Cadmium,
(PCC Concrete - Arsenic, Lead Chromium, Lead, Manganese,
HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
Mercury, Molybdenum,
[Leachate], Density (RCM)
Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium,
[Initial Construction,
Zinc - HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(RCM) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
HTP Non Cancer Water
Furnace Slag) [Initial
(Foundry Slag - Aluminum,
Construction, Maintenance], HTP Antimony, Arsenic, Barium,
Cancer Water (Foundry Slag Beryllium, Cadmium,
Arsenic, Lead - HTP Cancer
Chromium, Lead, Manganese,
Water Benzene) [Leachate],
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium,
[Initial Construction,
Zinc - HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
(Blast Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry Construction, Maintenance],
Sand) [Initial Construction,
HTP Non Cancer Water
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water (Foundry Sand - Aluminum,
(Foundry Sand - Arsenic, Lead Antimony, Arsenic, Barium,
HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
Beryllium, Cadmium,
[Leachate], Density (Foundry
Chromium, Lead, Manganese,
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium,
Zinc - HTP Non Cancer Water
Toluene) [Leachate], Density
234
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Siliceous
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
Gravel - Aluminum, Antimony,
[Initial Construction,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
(Siliceous Gravel - Arsenic, Lead Manganese, Mercury,
HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
Molybdenum, Nickel,
[Leachate], Density (Gravel)
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc [Initial Construction,
Non Cancer Water Toluene)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Leachate], Density (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
235
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(Siliceous Sand - Arsenic, Lead HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Siliceous Sand
- Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead,
Manganese, Mercury,
Molybdenum, Nickel,
Selenium, Vanadium, Zinc Non Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Virgin Aggregate
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Results]
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
[Initial Construction,
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Content [EMF Transport,
236
Conversions], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen)
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Content [EMF Transport,
Construction, Maintenance,
Conversions], Density
Design, Densities]
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Cement) [Initial
Content [EMF Transport,
Construction, Maintenance,
Conversions], Density
Design, Densities]
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
237
Densities]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete
One-Way Transport Distance
Additives) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Concrete Additives)
Content [EMF Transport,
[Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
One-Way Transport Distance
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
Content [EMF Transport,
[Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
238
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Results]
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From
Concrete Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
239
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly Maintenance], One-Way
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Construction, Maintenance,
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
One-Way Transport Distance
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
Content [EMF Transport,
[Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], One- Construction, Maintenance],
Way Transport Distance [Initial
One-Way Transport Distance
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Maintenance], Transport
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
240
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
One-Way Transport Distance
Sand) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
Content [EMF Transport,
Construction, Maintenance,
Conversions], Density
Design, Densities]
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance], One- Transport Distance [Initial
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Content [EMF Transport,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Conversions], Density
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
241
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Steel Reinforcing Bars)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
242
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Ready-mix
Concrete (Initial
Construction)/Total
: Ready-Mix
Concrete Mix To
Site (Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Ready-Mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
243
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (ReadyMix Concrete) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
244
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Virgin Aggregate
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Results]
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen) Material Volume Inputs
[Initial Construction,
(Bitumen) [Initial
Bitumen
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Distance [Initial
One-Way Transport Distance
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Maintenance], Transport
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Mode (NOx) [Initial
245
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Cement) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Cement) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Concrete Additives)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
246
Material Volume Inputs
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Concrete Additives)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Results]
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RCM From
Construction, Maintenance],
Concrete Plant
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
[Environmental
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Coal Fly Ash
Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Results]
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
247
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
248
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Steel Reinforcing Bars)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Steel Reinforcing
Bars) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
249
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Ready-mix
Concrete (Initial
Construction)/Total
: Ready-Mix
Concrete Mix To
Site (Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Ready-Mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
250
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Ready-Mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Virgin Aggregate
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
[Environmental
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading)
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[Initial Construction,
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Densities]
251
Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Cement) Material Volume Inputs
[Initial Construction,
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Cement) [Initial
Density (Cement) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete (Concrete Additives) [Initial
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Concrete Additives)
Density (Concrete Additives)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
Material Volume Inputs
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
One-Way Transport Distance
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
252
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading)
[EMF Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RCM From
Construction, Maintenance],
Concrete Plant
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
[Environmental
Construction, Maintenance],
Results]
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading)
[EMF Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Coal Fly Ash
Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading)
[EMF Transport], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
253
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
254
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Steel Reinforcing Bars)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
255
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Steel Reinforcing
Bars) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Ready-mix
Concrete (Initial
Construction)/Total
: Ready-Mix
Concrete Mix To
Site (Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Ready-Mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
256
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Ready-Mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
257
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen)
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Construction, Maintenance,
Transport, Conversions],
Design, Densities]
Density (Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Cement) Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Cement) [Initial
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Construction, Maintenance,
Transport, Conversions],
Design, Densities]
Density (Cement) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete
Construction, Maintenance],
Additives) [Initial Construction,
One-Way Transport Distance
Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Concrete Additives)
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
[Initial Construction,
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Concrete Additives)
258
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation
Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
259
Material Volume Inputs
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Asphalt Emulsion)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From
Concrete Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
260
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
One-Way Transport Distance
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction, [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
[Initial Construction,
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], One- Maintenance], Transport
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
[Initial Construction,
Transport, Conversions],
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
261
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Construction, Maintenance,
Density (Foundry Sand)
Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Maintenance], One-Way
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], One- Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Transport, Conversions],
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
262
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Steel Reinforcing Bars)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
263
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Steel Reinforcing
Bars) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Ready-mix
Concrete (Initial
Construction)/Total
: Ready-Mix
Concrete Mix To
Site (Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Ready-Mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
264
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Ready-Mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
265
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen) Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
One-Way Transport Distance
Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (Bitumen)
Content [EMF Transport,
[Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Bitumen) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Cement) Material Volume Inputs
[Initial Construction,
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Construction, Maintenance],
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Content [EMF Transport,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Conversions], Density (Cement)
Generated), Diesel Carbon
[Initial Construction,
Content [EMF Transport,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Conversions], Density
266
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete Construction, Maintenance],
Additives) [Initial Construction,
One-Way Transport Distance
Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (Concrete
Content [EMF Transport,
Additives) [Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Efficiency) [Initial
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Construction, Maintenance],
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Content [EMF Transport,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Conversions], Density (Asphalt
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Content [EMF Transport,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Conversions], Density
267
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
RAP Transportation Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
[Environmental
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Results]
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM From
Concrete Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
268
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Maintenance], One-Way
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Conversions], Density (Coal
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Efficiency) [Initial
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Construction, Maintenance],
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Content [EMF Transport,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Conversions], Density (Coal
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Content [EMF Transport,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Conversions], Density (Coal
269
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Foundry
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
270
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance], One- Transport Distance [Initial
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (Recycled
Content [EMF Transport,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Conversions], Density
Construction, Maintenance,
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Design, Densities]
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Construction, Maintenance],
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Content [EMF Transport,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Conversions], Density (Glass
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Content [EMF Transport,
271
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (AsphaltMix) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
272
Conversions], Density (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Ready-mix
Concrete (Initial
Construction)/Total
: Ready-Mix
Concrete Mix To
Site (Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (ReadyMix Concrete) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
273
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (ReadyMix Concrete) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
[Environmental
Results]
274
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Bitumen
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Construction, Maintenance],
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
HTP Toxicity Potential
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Emissions Weighting - Non
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[EMF Transport], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Bitumen) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Bitumen)
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
HTP Toxicity Potential
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Emissions Weighting - Non
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[EMF Transport], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
275
Cement
[Environmental
Results]
Concrete Additives
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Cement) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Cement)
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
[Initial Construction,
Potential Emissions Weighting
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
- Non Cancer HTP Air
Potential Emissions Weighting (Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
Transport], One-Way
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Diesel Toxic Emissions
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Concrete Additives) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Concrete
Construction, Maintenance],
Additives) [Initial Construction,
HTP Toxicity Potential
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Emissions Weighting - Non
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[EMF Transport], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
276
Asphalt Emulsion
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Asphalt
Emulsion) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
RAP Transportation Transport], One-Way Transport
[Environmental
Distance [Initial Construction,
Results]
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
277
Material Volume Inputs
(Asphalt Emulsion) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From
Concrete Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
278
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Construction, Maintenance],
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
HTP Toxicity Potential
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Emissions Weighting - Non
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[EMF Transport], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Construction, Maintenance],
Furnace Slag) [Initial
HTP Toxicity Potential
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Emissions Weighting - Non
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 (Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport], One-Way Transport
[Initial Construction,
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Maintenance], Transport Mode
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[EMF Transport], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
279
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Construction, Maintenance],
Sand) [Initial Construction,
HTP Toxicity Potential
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Emissions Weighting - Non
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[EMF Transport], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Construction, Maintenance], HTP Potential Emissions Weighting
Toxicity Potential Emissions
- Non Cancer HTP Air
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport], One-Way Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Distance [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport Mode
Transport Mode (Capacity)
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Diesel Toxic Emissions
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Aggregates) [Initial Construction, Density (Virgin Aggregates)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
280
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Steel Reinforcing
Bars
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
281
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Steel
Reinforcing Bars) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Ready-mix
Concrete (Initial
Construction)/Total
: Ready-Mix
Concrete Mix To
Site (Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
concrete mix to site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
282
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix concrete mix to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
283
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
284
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
285
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Cement [Skipped in
Environmental
Results Outputs]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly Maintenance], One-Way
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Content [EMF Transport,
Construction, Maintenance,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Design, Densities]
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction, Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
[Initial Construction,
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
286
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
287
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Maintenance], One-Way
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], One- Construction, Maintenance],
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Content [EMF Transport,
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Maintenance], One-Way
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Construction, Maintenance],
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Content [EMF Transport,
Construction, Maintenance,
Conversions], Density (Glass
Design, Densities]
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
288
Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
289
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
290
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
291
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
RCM To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
292
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Input, OneWay Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site [Environmental
Results]
Cement [Skipped in
Environmental
Results Outputs]
293
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand)
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design,
Design, Densities]
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance], OneMaintenance], One-Way
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Recycled
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
294
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
295
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
296
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
297
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Cement [Skipped in
Environmental
Results Outputs]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading)
[EMF Transport], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
298
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
299
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
300
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RCM)
301
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
CO (g)
Hg (g)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
302
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]0
RCM To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
303
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Cement [Skipped in
Environmental
Results Outputs]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly Maintenance], One-Way
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Construction, Maintenance,
Transport, Conversions],
Design, Densities]
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Construction, Maintenance],
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction, One-Way Transport Distance
Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
[Initial Construction,
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Bottom Ash)
[Initial Construction,
304
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
305
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Blast Furnace Slag)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Foundry Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Maintenance], One-Way
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], One- Construction, Maintenance],
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Transport, Conversions],
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Density (Recycled
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Maintenance], One-Way
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Construction, Maintenance],
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Construction, Maintenance,
Transport, Conversions],
Design, Densities]
Density (Glass Cullet) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
306
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
307
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
308
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to recycling plant) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Construction, Maintenance],
recycling plant) [Initial
One-Way Transport Distance
Construction, Maintenance], One- [Initial Construction,
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
RAP To Recycling
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Plant
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Results]
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (RAP)
Content [EMF Transport,
[Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
309
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
310
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Cement [Skipped in
Environmental
Results Outputs]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
311
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Construction, Maintenance],
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction, One-Way Transport Distance
Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (Coal
Content [EMF Transport,
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction, Conversions], Density (Coal
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Construction, Maintenance],
Furnace Slag) [Initial
One-Way Transport Distance
Construction, Maintenance], One[Initial Construction,
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (Blast
Content [EMF Transport,
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Conversions], Density (Blast
Construction, Maintenance,
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
312
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry Construction, Maintenance],
Sand) [Initial Construction,
One-Way Transport Distance
Maintenance], One-Way
[Initial Construction,
Transport Distance [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (Foundry
Content [EMF Transport,
Sand) [Initial Construction,
Conversions], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance], One- Transport Distance [Initial
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Content [EMF Transport,
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Conversions], Density (Recycled
Content [EMF Transport,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Conversions], Density
Construction, Maintenance,
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Design, Densities]
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
313
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
314
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
315
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
316
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity,
Fuel Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RCM)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
317
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
318
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RCM To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RCM From
Recycling Plant To
Site [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
319
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
to recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Cement [Skipped in
Environmental
Results Outputs]
Coal Fly Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Coal Bottom Ash
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Fly Ash) [Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (Coal Fly
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Potential Emissions Weighting
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
- Non Cancer HTP Air
Potential Emissions Weighting (Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
Transport], One-Way
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Diesel Toxic Emissions
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Material Volume Inputs (Coal
Bottom Ash) [Initial
Bottom Ash) [Initial Construction, Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
HTP Toxicity Potential
Potential Emissions Weighting Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD) Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 [EMF Transport], One-Way
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
Transport Distance [Initial
One-Way Transport Distance
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Maintenance], Transport
[Initial Construction,
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel Construction, Maintenance],
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Emissions (Aldehydes,
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Aggregates) [Initial Construction, [EMF Transport], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
320
Design, Densities]
Blast Furnace Slag
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
321
Material Volume Inputs (Blast
Furnace Slag) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Foundry Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Foundry Sand) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Foundry
Construction, Maintenance],
Sand) [Initial Construction,
HTP Toxicity Potential
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Emissions Weighting - Non
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
TCDD) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], One-Way
One-Way Transport Distance
Transport Distance [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
[EMF Transport], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled Rubber) [Initial Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Construction, Maintenance], HTP Potential Emissions Weighting
Toxicity Potential Emissions
- Non Cancer HTP Air
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport], One-Way Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Distance [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport Mode
Transport Mode (Capacity)
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Diesel Toxic Emissions
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Aggregates) [Initial Construction, Density (Virgin Aggregates)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
322
Glass Cullet
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
323
Material Volume Inputs (Glass
Cullet) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
324
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
325
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting
- Non Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
HTP Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport Distance
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Heavy-Duty Diesel Toxic
Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill
Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Material Totals (Total: HotAsphalt to Site), Equipment
mix Asphalt to Site),
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Equipment (Asphalt Paving Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
Paving HMA
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption) Tandem Roller - Productivity,
[Environmental
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Fuel Consumption)
Results]
Transportation Energy Data
[Equipment, Equipment
(Diesel Heat Content)
Details], Diesel Carbon
[Conversions], Density (Asphalt
Content [Conversions, EMF
Mix) [Initial Construction,
Transport], EIO (Asphalt
326
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Paving PCC
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
Concrete Mix to Site), Equipment
(Concrete Paving - Slipform
Paver, Texture Curing Machine Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (Readymix Concrete) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
HIPR
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (HIPR),
Equipment (Hot In Place
Recycling - Heating Machine,
Asphalt Remixer, Pneumatic
Roller, Tandem Roller Productivity, Fuel Consumption,
Additional Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (HIPR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
327
Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Asphalt
Mix) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix Concrete Mix to Site),
Equipment (Concrete Paving Slipform Paver, Texture
Curing Machine Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Readymix Concrete) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(HIPR), Equipment (Hot In
Place Recycling - Heating
Machine, Asphalt Remixer,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Roller - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption, Additional Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (HIPR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
CIR (Cold Milling)
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (CIR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Full-Depth
Reclamation
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation), Equipment
(Full Depth Reclamation - Asphalt
Road Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (Fulldepth Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
328
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Roller - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment
Details],Transportation Energy
Data (Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (CIR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation),
Equipment (Full Depth
Reclamation - Asphalt Road
Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Fulldepth Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rubblization
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
329
Paving HMA
[Environmental
Results]
Paving PCC
[Environmental
Results]
HIPR
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt to Site), Equipment
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (Asphalt Mix)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Hotmix Asphalt to Site),
Equipment (Asphalt Paving Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
Tandem Roller - Productivity,
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (NOx) [EMF
Transport], Density (Asphalt
Mix) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Totals (Total: ReadyMaterial Totals (Total: Ready-mix
mix Concrete Mix to Site),
Concrete Mix to Site), Equipment
Equipment (Concrete Paving (Concrete Paving - Slipform
Slipform Paver, Texture
Paver, Texture Curing Machine Curing Machine Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
[Equipment, Equipment
Transportation Energy Data
Details], USEPA AP-42
(Diesel Heat Content)
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
(NOx) [EMF Transport],
Content [EMF Transport,
Density (Ready-mix Concrete)
Conversions], Density (Ready-mix
[Initial Construction,
Concrete) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs (HIPR),
Process Volume Inputs
Equipment (Hot In Place
(HIPR), Equipment (Hot In
Recycling - Heating Machine,
Place Recycling - Heating
Asphalt Remixer, Pneumatic
Machine, Asphalt Remixer,
Roller, Tandem Roller Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Roller - Productivity, Fuel
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Consumption) [Equipment,
Transportation Energy Data
Equipment Details], USEPA
(Diesel Heat Content)
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Factors (NOx) [EMF
Content [EMF Transport,
Transport], Density (HIPR)
Conversions], Density (HIPR)
[Initial Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Densities]
330
CIR (Cold Milling)
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Full-Depth
Reclamation
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Rubblization
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (CIR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation), Equipment
(Full Depth Reclamation - Asphalt
Road Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Full-depth
Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
331
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Roller - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (NOx) [EMF
Transport], Density (CIR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation),
Equipment (Full Depth
Reclamation - Asphalt Road
Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (NOx) [EMF
Transport], Density (Fulldepth Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (NOx) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Material Totals (Total: HotAsphalt to Site), Equipment
mix Asphalt to Site),
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Equipment (Asphalt Paving Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
- Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Tandem Roller - Productivity,
Paving HMA
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
[Environmental
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Equipment Details], USEPA
Results]
Emission Factors (PM-10) [EMF
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Transport], FIRE-EPA (Truck
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Unloading) [EMF Transport],
Transport], Density (Asphalt
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Mix) [Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Design,
Design, Densities]
Densities]
332
Paving PCC
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
Concrete Mix to Site), Equipment
(Concrete Paving - Slipform
Paver, Texture Curing Machine Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (PM-10) [EMF
Transport], FIRE-EPA (Truck
Unloading (Of Gravel Used in
Initial Construction SB)) [EMF
Transport], Density (Ready-mix
Concrete) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
HIPR
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (HIPR),
Equipment (Hot In Place
Recycling - Heating Machine,
Asphalt Remixer, Pneumatic
Roller, Tandem Roller Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (PM-10) [EMF
Transport], Density (HIPR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
CIR (Cold Milling)
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (PM-10) [EMF
Transport], Density (CIR) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
333
Material Totals (Total: Readymix Concrete Mix to Site),
Equipment (Concrete Paving Slipform Paver, Texture
Curing Machine Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (Ready-mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(HIPR), Equipment (Hot In
Place Recycling - Heating
Machine, Asphalt Remixer,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Roller - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (HIPR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Roller - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (NOx) [EMF
Transport], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(SO2) [EMF Transport],
Density (CIR) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Full-Depth
Reclamation
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation), Equipment
(Full Depth Reclamation - Asphalt
Road Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
3.3 Emission Factors (PM-10)
[EMF Transport], Density (Fulldepth Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rubblization
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
3.3 Emission Factors (PM-10)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
334
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation),
Equipment (Full Depth
Reclamation - Asphalt Road
Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Fulldepth Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA
AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hotmix Asphalt to Site),
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Equipment (Asphalt Paving Asphalt to Site), Equipment
Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Tandem Roller - Productivity,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
Fuel Consumption)
- Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Paving HMA
Details], Transportation
Transportation Energy Data
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
[Environmental
(Diesel Heat Content)
Results]
Content) [Conversions], Diesel
[Conversions], USEPA AP-42
Carbon Content [EMF
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Transport, Conversions], EIO
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Transport], Density (Asphalt
Construction, Maintenance,
Mix) [Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix Concrete Mix to Site),
Equipment (Concrete Paving Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
Slipform Paver, Texture
Concrete Mix to Site), Equipment
Curing Machine (Concrete Paving - Slipform
Productivity, Fuel
Paver, Texture Curing Machine Consumption) [Equipment,
Paving PCC
Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Equipment Details],
[Environmental
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
Results]
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
(Diesel Heat Content)
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Transport], Density (Ready-mix
Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Concrete) [Initial Construction,
Transport], Density (ReadyMaintenance, Design, Densities]
mix Concrete) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
335
HIPR
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (HIPR),
Equipment (Hot In Place
Recycling - Heating Machine,
Asphalt Remixer, Pneumatic
Roller, Tandem Roller Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (HIPR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
CIR (Cold Milling)
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (CIR) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Full-Depth
Reclamation
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation), Equipment
(Full Depth Reclamation - Asphalt
Road Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Engine
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
3.3 Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Full-depth
Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
336
Process Volume Inputs
(HIPR), Equipment (Hot In
Place Recycling - Heating
Machine, Asphalt Remixer,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Roller - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density (HIPR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem
Roller - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density (CIR)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation),
Equipment (Full Depth
Reclamation - Asphalt Road
Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
Design, Densities]
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density (Fulldepth Reclamation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rubblization
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization - Multi Head
(Rubblization), Equipment
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Compactor - Productivity,
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Fuel Consumption)
Compactor - Productivity, Engine [Equipment, Equipment
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment Details], Transportation
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
3.3 Emission Factors (CO) [EMF Content) [Conversions], EIO
Transport], Density (Rubblization) (Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
[Initial Construction,
Transport], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
337
Paving HMA
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt to Site), Equipment
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF
Transport]Density (Asphalt Mix)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Paving PCC
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Ready-mix
Concrete Mix to Site), Equipment
(Concrete Paving - Slipform
Paver, Texture Curing Machine Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Ready-mix Concrete)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
338
Material Totals (Total: Hotmix Asphalt to Site),
Equipment (Asphalt Paving Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
Tandem Roller - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport]Density
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Readymix Concrete Mix to Site),
Equipment (Concrete Paving Slipform Paver, Texture
Curing Machine Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Readymix Concrete) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
HIPR
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (HIPR),
Equipment (Hot In Place
Recycling - Heating Machine,
Asphalt Remixer, Pneumatic
Roller, Tandem Roller Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (HIPR) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
CIR (Cold Milling)
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (CIR),
Equipment (Cold In Place
Recycling - CIR Recycler,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (CIR) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
339
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Density
(HIPR) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Density
(CIR) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Full-Depth
Reclamation
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs (Fulldepth Reclamation), Equipment
(Full Depth Reclamation - Asphalt
Road Reclaimer, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Full-depth Reclamation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rubblization
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Full-depth Reclamation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Process Volume Inputs
(Rubblization), Equipment
(Rubblization - Multi Head
Breaker, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste Generated)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Rubblization) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
340
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Paving HMA
[Environmental
Results]
Paving PCC
[Environmental
Results]
HIPR
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
CIR (Cold Milling)
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Full-Depth
Reclamation
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Rubblization
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
341
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
materials to site), Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator,
Vibratory Soil Compactor Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density
(Calculates According to Mixture
of Materials Used) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Equipment (Excavation,
Placing and Compaction Excavator, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Calculates According to
Mixture of Materials Used)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
materials to site), Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator,
Vibratory Soil Compactor Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Equipment (Excavation,
Placing and Compaction Excavator, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], USEPA AP-42
342
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Conversions], Density (Calculates
According to Mixture of Materials
Used) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(NOx) [EMF Transport],
Density (Calculates According
to Mixture of Materials Used)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
materials to site), Equipment
Material Totals (Total:
(Excavation, Placing and
Subbase materials to site),
Compaction - Excavator,
Equipment (Excavation,
Vibratory Soil Compactor Placing and Compaction Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Excavator, Vibratory Soil
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Compactor - Productivity,
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
Transportation Energy Data
Engine Capacity) [Equipment,
And Soil Placing
(Diesel Heat Content)
Equipment Details], USEPA
And Compaction
[Conversions], FIRE-EPA (Truck AP-42 Section 3.3 Emission
[Environmental
Unloading (Of Gravel Used in
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Results]
Maintenance in SB)) [EMF
Transport], Density
Transport], USEPA AP-42
(Calculates According to
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Mixture of Materials Used)
(PM-10) [EMF Transport],
[Initial Construction,
Density (Calculates According to
Maintenance, Design,
Mixture of Materials Used) [Initial Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
343
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
Equipment (Excavation,
materials to site), Equipment
Placing and Compaction (Excavation, Placing and
Excavator, Vibratory Soil
Compaction - Excavator,
Compactor - Productivity,
Rock, Gravel, Sand, Vibratory Soil Compactor Fuel Consumption)
And Soil Placing
Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment
And Compaction
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Details], Transportation
[Environmental
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Results]
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Content) [Conversions], EIO
Transport], Density (Calculates
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg) [EMF
According to Mixture of Materials
Transport], Density
Used) [Initial Construction,
(Calculates According to
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Mixture of Materials Used)
[Initial Construction,
344
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
Equipment (Excavation,
materials to site), Equipment
Placing and Compaction (Excavation, Placing and
Excavator, Vibratory Soil
Compaction - Excavator,
Compactor - Productivity,
Vibratory Soil Compactor Fuel Consumption)
Rock, Gravel, Sand, Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
And Soil Placing
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Details], Transportation
And Compaction
Transportation Energy Data
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
[Environmental
(Diesel Heat Content)
Content) [Conversions], EIO
Results]
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Hazardous Waste Generated)
Density (Calculates According to
[EMF Transport], Density
Mixture of Materials Used) [Initial
(Calculates According to
Construction, Maintenance,
Mixture of Materials Used)
Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
345
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
346
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Appendix F
EXERCISE LIFE-CYCLE INVENTORY ANSWER TABLES
347
Table F.1
Environmental LCI Solutions.
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Scenario/Density Pavement
(Reason for
Structure
density)
Layer
Life-Cycle
Stage
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
2789586.8587 Set to 0.
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
348
Water
Consumption (g)
N/A
N/A
588423.715
100183.8453
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Production
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
62399.4787
6068.259701
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
81989.13147
7973.325304
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
2789586.8587 Set to 0.
N/A
349
N/A
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Processes
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Production
n (Material
Volume
Wearing
Course
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
588423.715
100183.8453
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
62399.4787
6068.259701
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
69025.98501
6712.677925
RAP Milling
193194.1952
Set to 0.
350
Inputs)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Input: SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling plant
Production (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
Material
to site
Production
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Transport n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
RAP to recycling
plant
193194.1952
0.0000
RAP from recycling
plant to site
705064.5714
0.0000
RAP Transportation 885027.5388
150683.0193
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
150683.0193
351
885027.5388
Inputs)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Processes
Input: SB1
RAP to
recycling plant
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
sum)
RAP To Recycling
Plant
885027.5388
150683.0193
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
885027.5388
150683.0193
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
885027.5388
150683.0193
N/A
N/A
352
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
N/A
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
N/A
Virgin Aggregate
3437502.4474 478787.4661
Rock
771122.9083
107404.7187
Gravel
520507.9631
72498.1851
Sand
481951.8177
67127.9492
Soil
15862.9584
0.0000
353
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Virgin Aggregate
1066287.8763 181544.0420
Rock
239196.6321
40725.1404
Gravel
161457.7267
27489.4697
Sand
149497.8951
25453.2127
Soil
194945.2552
33190.9894
N/A
N/A
354
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Processes
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Scenario/Density Pavement
(Reason for
Structure
density)
Layer
Life-Cycle
Stage
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Production
N/A
N/A
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
25128.9000
2233680.0000
N/A
N/A
355
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
43990.04779
2343635.526
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
4683.418212
109200.1742
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
6153.727556
133009.8114
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
25128.9000
2233680.0000
356
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Processes
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Totals)
N/A
N/A
43990.04779
2343635.526
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
4683.418212
109200.1742
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
5180.773334
111979.8817
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
357
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Production n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling plant
Production (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
Material
to site
Production
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Transport n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP Milling
53167.6522
347158.6667
RAP to recycling
plant
53167.6522
347158.6667
RAP from recycling
plant to site
52918.9077
1238199.2444
RAP Transportation 66163.8930
3524980.2632
358
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Processes
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
recycling plant
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
66163.8930
3524980.2632
RAP To Recycling
Plant
66163.8930
3524980.2632
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
66163.8930
3524980.2632
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
66163.8930
3524980.2632
N/A
N/A
359
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
N/A
N/A
Virgin Aggregate
243447.5233
490546.4596
Rock
54611.7319
110042.5726
Gravel
36862.9191
74278.7365
Sand
34132.3325
68776.6079
Soil
1190.6008
23850.9621
360
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Virgin Aggregate
79714.7590
4246922.8966
Rock
17882.1332
952697.3684
Gravel
12070.4399
643070.7237
Sand
11176.3333
595435.8553
Soil
14573.9386
776448.3553
N/A
N/A
361
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Processes
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Scenario/Density Pavement
(Reason for
Structure
density)
Layer
Life-Cycle
Stage
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Production
N/A
N/A
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
0.0000
206615400.0000
N/A
N/A
362
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
456836.5658
140618.1316
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
65097.0582
7221.301839
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
9439.405967
8795.810106
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
0.0000
206615400.0000
363
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Processes
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Totals)
N/A
N/A
456836.5658
140618.1316
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
65198.18769
7221.301839
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
10462.27242
7405.121211
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
364
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Production n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling plant
Production (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
Material
to site
Production
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Transport n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP Milling
24637.0667
22957.2667
RAP to recycling
plant
24637.0667
22957.2667
RAP from recycling
plant to site
87872.2044
81880.9178
RAP Transportation 687259.9079
365
211498.8158
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Processes
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
recycling plant
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
687352.4079
211498.8158
RAP To Recycling
Plant
687352.4079
211498.8158
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
687352.4079
211498.8158
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
687352.4079
211498.8158
N/A
N/A
366
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
N/A
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
N/A
Virgin Aggregate
3488468.2238 238983.2485
Rock
782555.8828
53610.2768
Gravel
528225.2209
36186.9368
Sand
489097.4268
33506.4230
Soil
1692.6489
1577.2410
367
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Virgin Aggregate
828015.9379
254815.3738
Rock
185705.9211
57161.8421
Gravel
125351.4967
38584.2434
Sand
116066.2007
35726.1513
Soil
151350.3257
46586.9013
N/A
N/A
368
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Processes
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Scenario/Density Pavement
(Reason for
Structure
density)
Layer
Life-Cycle
Stage
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
N/A
N/A
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
0.0000
369
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Volume
Inputs)
N/A
N/A
195302.9605
0.425142799
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
23530.87624
0.04508433
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
28661.46903
0.059238076
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
370
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
Paving HMA
371
0.0000
N/A
N/A
195302.9605
0.425142799
N/A
N/A
23530.87624
0.04508433
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Processes
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Production n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling plant
Production (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
Material
to site
Production
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
24129.85838
0.049872056
RAP Milling
74807.0933
0.1396
RAP to recycling
plant
74807.0933
0.1396
RAP from recycling
plant to site
266811.9662
0.0546
372
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Input: WC1
RAP
Transportatio
n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
recycling plant
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP Transportation 293748.3553
0.6394
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
293748.3553
0.6394
RAP To Recycling
Plant
293748.3553
0.6394
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
293748.3553
0.6394
373
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Subbase
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
293748.3553
0.6394
Processes
N/A
N/A
Processes
N/A
N/A
Virgin Aggregate
320532.8571
0.0090
Rock
71904.0154
0.0020
Gravel
48535.2104
0.0014
Input: WC1
Virgin
Material
Aggregate
Production (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
Material
(Material
Production
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
Material
(Material
Production
Volume
Inputs)
374
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Input: SB1
Sand
Material
(Material
Production
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Material
Soil (Material
Production Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
Virgin
Material
Aggregate
Transport (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
Material
(Material
Transport
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
Material
(Material
Transport
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Material
Sand
Transport (Material
Volume
Sand
44940.0096
0.0013
Soil
5139.4976
0.0115
Virgin Aggregate
353910.2414
0.7704
Rock
79391.4474
0.1728
Gravel
53589.2270
0.1167
Sand
49619.6546
0.1080
375
Inputs)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Subbase
Scenario/Density Pavement
(Reason for
Structure
density)
Layer
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
64704.0296
0.1409
Processes
N/A
N/A
Processes
N/A
N/A
Pb (g)
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated
(g)
Life-Cycle
Stage
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Soil
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
376
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
Paving HMA
377
N/A
N/A
19.78139108
4239972.555
N/A
N/A
2.097720503
449628.5081
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
2.756277547
590784.5968
N/A
N/A
19.78139108
4239972.555
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
378
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Processes
Processes
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Production n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling plant
Production
(Material
Volume
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
2.097720503
449628.5081
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
2.320487719
497376.7619
RAP Milling
6.4947
1392088.8376
RAP to recycling
plant
6.4947
1392088.8376
379
Inputs)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
Material
to site
Production
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Transport n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP from site
Material
to landfill
Transport (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling plant
Transport (Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP from recycling
plant to site
5.1633
27421.5036
RAP Transportation 29.7525
6377194.4929
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
29.7525
6377194.4929
RAP To Recycling
Plant
29.7525
6377194.4929
380
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
29.7525
6377194.4929
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
29.7525
6377194.4929
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Processes
N/A
N/A
Subbase
Processes
N/A
N/A
Wearing
Course
Input: WC1
Virgin
Material
Aggregate
Production (Material
Volume
Inputs)
70.3410
3994813.5053
Virgin Aggregate
381
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Rock
15.7793
896142.5499
Gravel
10.6511
604896.2212
Sand
9.8621
560089.0937
Soil
0.5333
114302.8514
Virgin Aggregate
35.8460
7683292.1849
Rock
8.0412
1723566.0792
382
Inputs)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Subbase
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Gravel
5.4278
1163407.1034
Sand
5.0258
1077228.7995
Soil
6.5536
1404706.3545
Processes
N/A
N/A
Processes
N/A
N/A
383
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Scenario/Density Pavement
(Reason for
Structure
density)
Layer
Life-Cycle
Stage
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Production
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
HTP Cancer
(g)
HTP Non Cancer
(g)
N/A
N/A
12613.27938
15474583.07
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
384
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
Material
mix to site
Production
(Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Production
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Paving HMA
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
385
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Material
Transport
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
site (Material
Totals)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
2, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Processes
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Processes
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Production
n (Material
Volume
Wearing
Course
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
12,613
15,474,583
N/A
N/A
270875.8477
482314934.6498
Paving HMA
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
RAP Milling
386
Inputs)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Input: SB1
RAP to
Material
recycling plant
Production (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
Material
to site
Production
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Material
Transportatio
Transport n (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Material
Transport
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
RAP to recycling
plant
270875.8477
482314934.6498
RAP from recycling
plant to site
270875.8477
471668934.2714
RAP Transportation 18971.1926
23274779.4079
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
23274779.4079
387
18971.1926
Inputs)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Processes
Input: SB1
RAP to
recycling plant
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from
recycling plant
to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
sum)
RAP To Recycling
Plant
18971.1926
23274779.4079
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
18971.1926
23274779.4079
RAP From Site To
Landfill
(Disaggregate
Calculations not
included in ultimate
sum)
18971.1926
23274779.4079
N/A
N/A
388
Alternative 1,
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Production
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
N/A
N/A
326087.8633
4116592946.8112
Gravel
49376.3516
623336111.7885
Sand
25174.6804
1922308.7633
Virgin Aggregate
Rock
Soil
389
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Material
Transport
Subbase
Material
Transport
Wearing
Course
Processes
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Rock
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Virgin Aggregate
22856.6364
28041630.3641
Rock
5127.3493
6290480.9211
Gravel
3460.9608
4246074.6217
Sand
3204.5933
3931550.5757
Soil
4178.7897
5126741.9507
N/A
N/A
390
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Table F.2
Subbase
Processes
N/A
Economic LCI Solutions.
Green
Scenario/Density
(Reason for
density)
Pavement
Structure
Layer
(Not
directly
output in
this form
in the cost
worksheet
but
indirectly
can be
classified)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Wearing
1, Density = 1.23 Course
(WC)
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Initial
Construction
Net Present
Value
Initial
Construction
Annualized
Cost
Installed Asphalt
Paving Cost
Initial
Construction
Net Present
Value =
Actual Cost
Initial
Construction
Annualized
Cost =
Initial
391
N/A
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density =
1.23 (WC)
Wearing
Course
Base Scenario
For Alternative
Subbase
1, Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Base Scenario
For Alternative
2, Density = 1.56 Subbase
(Virgin
Materials)
Alternative 1
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Input: WC1
Total: Asphalt
mix to site
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
(Material
Totals)
Input: SB1
Total:
Subbase 1
materials to
(Material
Totals)
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from site to
landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Installed Asphalt
Paving Cost
Installed Subbase &
Embankment
Construction Cost
Installed Subbase &
Embankment
Construction Cost
RAP from site to
landfill
(transportation &
disposal cost) (RAP
from site to landfill
- WC1, RAP from
site to landfill SB1)
392
= Annual
Unit Cost
(User Input)
* Initial
Construction
Material
Volume
(Initial
Construction
Worksheet)
Construction
Net Present
Value *
UCRF
(Calculated
Based
According
to Discount
Rate and
Period of
Analysis)
Alternative 1
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
All Alternative 1
Scenarios
Subbase
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from site to
landfill
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
RAP from site to
landfill
(transportation &
disposal cost) (RAP
from site to landfill
- WC1, RAP from
site to landfill SB1)
Outputs actually not
produced - provides space
for user. Comparing this
parameter with the "RAP
from site to landfill" can
demonstrate the avoided
costs associated with
shipping materials to a
recycling facility as opposed
to a landfill (given avoided
tipping fees).
RAP from site to
recycling facility
(transportation &
handling/processing
revenue [-] or cost
[+])
Outputs actually not
produced - provides space
for user. Comparing this
parameter with the "RAP
from site to landfill" can
demonstrate the avoided
costs associated with
shipping materials to a
recycling facility as opposed
to a landfill (given avoided
tipping fees).
Orange
393
Scenario/Density
(Reason for
density)
Pavement
Structure
Layer
(Not
directly
output in
this form
in the cost
worksheet
but
indirectly
can be
classified)
Alternative 2,
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Alternative 1
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Wearing
Course
Connected
Inputs
(Calculation
Component)
Input: WC1
Virgin
Aggregate
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP
Transportatio
n (Material
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from recycling
plant to site
(Material
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Virgin Aggregate
RAP from Asphalt
plant
394
Net Present
Value
Annualized
Cost
Net Present
Value =
Initial
Construction
Actual Cost
(User Input)
+ Net
Present
Value for
Maintenance
Schedule
(Annual
Actual Cost
(User
Input)) (This
parameter
Annualized
= Net
Present
Value *
UCRF
(Calculated
Based
According
to Discount
Rate and
Period of
Analysis)
Volume
Inputs)
Alternative 1
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Alternative 1
Density = 1.23
(WC)
Subbase
Wearing
Course
Input: WC1
RAP
Transportatio
n (Material
Volume
Inputs), Input:
SB1 RAP
from recycling
plant to site
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill,
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
RAP from Asphalt
plant
RAP from site to
landfill
(transportation &
disposal cost)
395
equal to
zero
considering
exercise
pertains only
to initial
construction
highway
project),
Therefore
Net Present
Value =
Initial
Construction
Actual Cost
(User Input)
Alternative 1
Density = 1.85
(RAP)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
Alternative 2
Density = 1.56
(Virgin
Materials)
Subbase
All Scenarios
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
Input: WC1
RAP from site
to landfill,
Input: SB1
RAP from site
to landfill
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Gravel
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Sand
(Material
Volume
Inputs)
Input: SB1
Soil (Material
Volume
Inputs)
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
RAP from site to
landfill
(transportation &
disposal cost)
Rock
Gravel
Sand
Soil
Labor
396
All Scenarios
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
All Scenarios
Wearing
Course,
Subbase
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
Not applicable
- no
calculation
actually
performed.
Equipment
Overhead & Profit
Cost
397
Appendix G
EXERCISE ECONOMIC OUTPUT CALCULATION COMPONENTS
COMBINATIONS
398
Table G.1
Exercise Economic Output Calculation Component Combinations.
Economic Outputs
Green Table
Initial Construction Net Present Value,
Maintenance Net Present Value, Initial
Construction Annualized Cost, Maintenance
Annualized Cost
Expected Cost (Installed Asphalt Paving Cost)
[Cost Data], Initial Construction and
Maintenance Material/Process Volume Inputs
(Total: Asphalt mix to site - WC1, WC2,
Installed Asphalt
WC3) [Initial Construction, Maintenance],
Paving Cost [Cost]
UCRF [Cost], Period of Analysis [Design,
Cost], Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance
Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit Cost [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Installed Subbase &
Embankment Construction Cost) [Cost Data],
Initial Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Total:
Installed Subbase &
Subbase, Embankment, and Shoulder materials
Embankment
to site - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial
Construction Cost
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
[Cost]
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Unit Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost
[Cost]
Expected Cost (State Tipping Costs - Tipping
Fee + Transportation) [Cost], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
RAP from site to
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RAP from
landfill (transportation site to landfill - WC1, WC2, WC3, SB1, SB2,
& disposal cost)
SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
[Cost]
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Unit
Cost [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations [Cost]
399
RAP from site to
recycling facility
(transportation &
handling/processing
revenue [-] or cost
[+]) [Cost]
Economic Outputs
Orange Table
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations [Cost]
Virgin Aggregate
[Cost]
RAP from Asphalt
plant [Cost]
RAP from site to
landfill [Cost]
Actual calculation not performed. Provides
space to look at disposal alternatives.
Net Present Value, Annualized Cost (Outputs
different than green table.)
Expected Cost (Virgin Aggregate) [Cost
Data], Initial Construction and Maintenance
Material Volume Material/Process Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate - WC1, WC2, WC3) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (RAP) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RAP
Transportation - WC1, WC2, WC3, RAP from
recycling plant to site - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4,
E&S) [Initial Construction, Maintenance],
UCRF [Cost], Period of Analysis [Design,
Cost], Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance
Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (RAP) [Cost], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (RAP from
site to landfill - WC1, WC2, WC3, RAP from
site to landfill - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S)
[Initial Construction, Maintenance], UCRF
[Cost], Period of Analysis [Design, Cost],
Discount Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule
[Cost], Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
400
Rock [Cost]
Gravel [Cost]
Sand [Cost]
Soil [Cost]
Labor [Cost]
Expected Cost (Rock) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Rock - SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Gravel) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Gravel SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Sand) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Sand - SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost (Soil) [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs (Soil - SB1,
SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], UCRF [Cost], Period of
Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount Rate [Cost],
Maintenance Schedule [Cost], Annual Actual
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
401
Equipment [Cost]
Overhead & Profit
Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
Expected Cost [Cost Data], Initial
Construction and Maintenance Material
Volume Material/Process Inputs [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], UCRF [Cost],
Period of Analysis [Design, Cost], Discount
Rate [Cost], Maintenance Schedule [Cost],
Annual Actual Cost [Cost]
402
Appendix H
EXERCISE ENVIRONMENTAL OUTPUT CALCULATION COMPONENTS
COMBINATIONS
403
Table H.1
Exercise Environmental Output Calculation Component
Combinations.
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction,
Virgin Aggregate
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
[Environmental
Gravel, Energy) [EMF
& Gravel, Water) [EMF
Results]
Transport], Density (Virgin
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction, Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
RAP milling
Consumption) [Equipment,
[Environmental
Equipment Details],
Results]
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Total: Hot-mix
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
Asphalt Plant
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Process
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
[Environmental
(Energy) [Equipment Details],
Results]
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
404
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction,
Virgin Aggregate
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
[Environmental
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
& Gravel, NOx) [EMF
Results]
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
Transport], Density (Virgin
[Initial Construction,
Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
[Initial Construction,
Transportation) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction, Maintenance],
(Milling - Milling Machine Equipment (Milling - Milling
Engine Capacity,
RAP milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Productivity) [Equipment,
[Environmental
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Results]
Equipment Details], Diesel
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Carbon Content [EMF Transport,
Emission Factors (NOx)
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[EMF Transport], Density
[Initial Construction,
(RAP) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
405
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
(CO2) [Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(HMA Production Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Hot Mix Asphalt
Plants EPA (CO2)
[Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Hg (FIRE-EPA
(Construction Sand & Gravel Aggregate Storage, Material
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
406
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA AP42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(PM10) [EMF Transport],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
(PM10) [Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Milling - Milling Machine Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (SO2)
[EMF Transport], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(HMA Production Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Hot Mix Asphalt
Plants EPA (SO2)
[Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
407
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], USEPA AP42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment (HMA
Production - Asphalt Mixer)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Hot Mix Asphalt Plants EPA
(CO) [Equipment Details],
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Milling - Milling Machine Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg)
[EMF Transport], Diesel
Carbon
Content[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
408
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Pb (g)
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated (g)
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP milling
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Diesel Carbon
Content[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
409
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Milling - Milling Machine Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Content[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Siliceous
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Gravel - Aluminum,
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Antimony, Arsenic,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water Barium, Beryllium,
Virgin Aggregate
(Siliceous Gravel - Arsenic, Lead Cadmium, Chromium,
[Environmental
- HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
Lead, Manganese,
Results]
[Leachate], Density (Virgin
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Aggregates) [Initial Construction, Nickel, Selenium,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Vanadium, Zinc - HTP Non
Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Cancer Water (RAP Transportation) [Initial
Aluminum, Antimony,
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
RAP milling
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cancer Water (RAP - Arsenic,
[Environmental
Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead - HTP Cancer Water
Results]
Lead, Manganese,
Benzene) [Leachate], Density
Mercury, Molybdenum,
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Nickel, Selenium,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Vanadium, Zinc - HTP Non
Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
410
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt Plant
Process
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Equipment (Milling - Milling
RAP to recycling
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
plant
Consumption) [Equipment,
[Environmental
Equipment Details],
Results]
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
411
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Energy) [EMF
Transport], Density (Rock) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Energy) [EMF
Transport], Density (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Energy) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
412
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, Water) [EMF
Transport], Density (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, Water) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, Water) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to Recycling Plant)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
[Initial Construction,
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction, Maintenance],
(Milling - Milling Machine Equipment (Milling - Milling
RAP to recycling
Productivity, Engine
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
plant
Capacity) [Equipment,
Consumption) [Equipment,
[Environmental
Equipment Details],
Equipment Details], Diesel
Results]
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Carbon Content [EMF Transport,
Emission Factors (NOx)
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[EMF Transport], Density
[Initial Construction,
(RAP) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
413
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Construction,
from recycling plant to site)
Maintenance], Equipment
[Initial Construction,
(Crushing Plant Maintenance], Equipment
Excavator, Wheel Loader,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Dozer, Generator Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Productivity, Engine
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Capacity) [Equipment,
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Equipment Details],
Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Transport, Conversions], Density
Emission Factors (NOx)
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
[EMF Transport], Density
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
(Rock) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
& Gravel, NOx) [EMF
Density (Rock) [Initial
Transport], Density (Rock)
Construction, Maintenance,
[Initial Construction,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
(Rock) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
& Gravel, NOx) [EMF
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Transport], Density
Construction, Maintenance,
(Gravel) [Initial
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
Material Volume Inputs
[Initial Construction,
(Sand) [Initial
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Construction,
Gravel, CO2) [EMF Transport],
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
Density (Sand) [Initial
& Gravel, NOx) [EMF
Construction, Maintenance,
Transport], Density (Sand)
Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
414
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Diesel Carbon Content[EMF
Transport, Conversions], Density
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (NOx)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Material Volume Inputs
Recycling Plant) [Initial
(RAP to Recycling Plant)
Construction, Maintenance],
[Initial Construction,
RAP to recycling
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Maintenance], Equipment
plant
Machine - Productivity, Engine
(Milling - Milling Machine [Environmental
Capacity) [Equipment, Equipment Productivity, Engine
Results]
Details], USEPA AP-42 Section
Capacity) [Equipment,
3.3 Emission Factors (PM10)
Equipment Details],
[EMF Transport], Density (RAP) USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
[Initial Construction,
Emission Factors (SO2)
415
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
[EMF Transport], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
to site) [Initial
from recycling plant to site)
Construction,
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
Maintenance], Equipment
(Crushing Plant (Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator - Dozer, Generator Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Productivity, Engine
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Capacity) [Equipment,
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Equipment Details],
Emission Factors (PM10) [EMF
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial Emission Factors (SO2)
Construction, Maintenance,
[EMF Transport], Density
Design, Densities]
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
(Rock) [Initial
Gravel, PM10 (FIRE-EPA
Construction,
(Construction Sand & Gravel Maintenance], EIO (Sand
Aggregate Storage, Material
& Gravel, SO2) [EMF
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Transport], Density (Rock)
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
[Initial Construction,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
Maintenance, Design,
[EMF Transport], Density (Rock)
Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
416
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, PM10 (FIRE-EPA
(Construction Sand & Gravel Aggregate Storage, Material
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
[EMF Transport], Density
(Gravel) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, PM10 (FIRE-EPA
(Construction Sand & Gravel Aggregate Storage, Material
Transfer and Conveying, Pile
Forming Stacker, Bulk Loading,
Screening) [EMF Transport]))
[EMF Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator - Engine
Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (PM10) [EMF
Transport], Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
417
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Engine Capacity,
Productivity) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (SO2)
[EMF Transport], Density
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to Recycling Plant)
[Initial Construction,
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Maintenance], Equipment
Recycling Plant) [Initial
(Milling - Milling Machine Construction, Maintenance],
Productivity, Fuel
Equipment (Milling - Milling
Consumption) [Equipment,
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Equipment Details], EIO
Consumption) [Equipment,
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg)
Equipment Details], USEPA AP[EMF Transport], Diesel
42 Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Carbon Content
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
[Conversions, EMF
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Transport], Density (RAP)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Construction,
from recycling plant to site)
Maintenance], Equipment
[Initial Construction,
(Crushing Plant Maintenance], Equipment
Excavator, Wheel Loader,
(Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Dozer, Generator Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator Productivity, Fuel
Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Consumption) [Equipment,
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Equipment Details], Diesel
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Carbon Content [EMF
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Construction, Maintenance,
Hg) [EMF Transport],
Design, Densities]
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
418
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Rock) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator - Engine
Capacity, Productivity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
Transport], Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
419
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, Hg) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF
Transport], Density (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to Recycling Plant)
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
[Initial Construction,
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction, Maintenance],
(Milling - Milling Machine Equipment (Milling - Milling
Productivity, Fuel
Machine - Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
RAP to recycling
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
plant
Equipment Details], EIO (Asphalt (Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
[Environmental
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Hazardous Waste
Results]
Diesel Carbon Content
Generated) [EMF
[Conversions, EMF Transport],
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Density (RAP) [Initial
Content [Conversions,
Construction, Maintenance,
EMF Transport], Density
Design, Densities]
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Material Volume Inputs
from recycling plant to site)
(RAP from recycling plant
[Initial Construction,
to site) [Initial
Maintenance], Equipment
Construction,
RAP from recycling (Crushing Plant - Excavator,
Maintenance], Equipment
plant to site
Wheel Loader, Dozer, Generator - (Crushing Plant [Environmental
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Excavator, Wheel Loader,
Results]
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Dozer, Generator Diesel Carbon Content [EMF
Productivity, Fuel
Transport, Conversions], EIO
Consumption) [Equipment,
(Asphalt Emulsion, Pb) [EMF
Equipment Details], EIO
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial (Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
420
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Rock) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand &
Gravel, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
421
Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF
Transport], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Sand
& Gravel, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF
Transport], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion, Pb),
Diesel Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF Transport],
Density (Soil) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [Conversions,
EMF Transport], Density
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Production - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
422
RAP to recycling
plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
Recycling Plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Cancer Water (RAP - Arsenic,
Lead - HTP Cancer Water
Benzene) [Leachate], Density
(RAP) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP from recycling
plant to site
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(RAP - Arsenic, Lead - HTP
Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
423
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to Recycling Plant)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (RAP Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead, Manganese,
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Nickel, Selenium,
Vanadium, Zinc - HTP Non
Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (RAP Aluminum, Antimony,
Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead, Manganese,
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Nickel, Selenium,
Vanadium, Zinc - HTP Non
Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(Siliceous Gravel - Arsenic, Lead
- HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Cancer Water
(Siliceous Sand - Arsenic, Lead HTP Cancer Water Benzene)
[Leachate], Density (Sand) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Siliceous
Gravel - Aluminum,
Antimony, Arsenic,
Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead, Manganese,
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Nickel, Selenium,
Vanadium, Zinc - Non
Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Non
Cancer Water (Siliceous
Sand - Aluminum,
Antimony, Arsenic,
Barium, Beryllium,
Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead, Manganese,
Mercury, Molybdenum,
Nickel, Selenium,
Vanadium, Zinc - Non
Cancer Water Toluene)
[Leachate], Density (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
424
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Transport Distance [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Distance [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Virgin Aggregate
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction,
Results]
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Maintenance], EIO
Construction, Maintenance],
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
Consumption), Diesel
[Initial Construction,
Carbon Content [EMF
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
(RAP Transportation)
Transportation) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Construction, Maintenance], One- Maintenance], One-Way
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation Construction, Maintenance],
Construction,
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Maintenance], Transport
Results]
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Construction, Maintenance],
Efficiency) [Initial
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction,
Construction, Maintenance,
Maintenance], EIO
Design, Densities]
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
425
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
426
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Asphalt-Mix)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RCM from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RCM) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
427
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Results]
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
428
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Virgin Aggregate
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction,
[Environmental
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Maintenance], Transport
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
Mode (SO2) [Initial
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading)
Construction,
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin Maintenance], Density
Aggregates) [Initial Construction, (Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
429
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Rubber) [Initial
Material Volume Inputs (Recycled
Construction,
Tires/Crumb Rubber) [Initial
Maintenance], One-Way
Construction, Maintenance], OneTransport Distance [Initial
Way Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction,
Density (Recycled Tires/Crumb
Maintenance], Density
Rubber) [Initial Construction,
(Recycled Tires/Crumb
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rubber) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Construction,
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Construction, Maintenance],
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Construction,
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Maintenance], Density
Construction, Maintenance,
(Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading)
[EMF Transport], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Recycled
Tires/Crumb
Rubber
[Environmental
Results]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
430
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Virgin Aggregates)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
431
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
RAP Transportation
Construction, Maintenance],
[Environmental
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Results]
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
432
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
433
Virgin Aggregate
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
RAP Transportation Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
[Environmental
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Results]
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
434
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Virgin Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (AsphaltMix) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
435
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Asphalt-Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs
(Virgin Aggregate) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Material Volume Inputs (Virgin
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Aggregate) [Initial Construction,
Cancer HTP Air
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
(Aldehydes,
Potential Emissions Weighting Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD) TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Virgin Aggregate
Transport Distance [Initial
Distance [Initial
Construction,
[Environmental
Construction, Maintenance],
Results]
Maintenance], Transport
Transport Mode (Capacity)
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Diesel Toxic Emissions
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin (Aldehydes,
Aggregates) [Initial Construction, Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
436
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
Transportation) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
RAP Transportation Transport], One-Way Transport
[Environmental
Distance [Initial Construction,
Results]
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Hot-mix Asphalt
(Initial
Construction)/Total
: Hot-Mix Asphalt
To Site
(Maintenance)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Asphalt
Mix to Site) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
437
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP Transportation)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt Mix to Site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
438
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RCM From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RCM
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RCM from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
439
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
440
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to recycling plant)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
441
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
442
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (Coal Fly Ash)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, Energy) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Water
Consumption), Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
443
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to recycling plant)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
444
Material Volume Input,
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency, CO2) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
445
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (NOx) [Initial
Construction,
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to recycling plant)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
446
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
447
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (PM10) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
FIRE-EPA (Truck Loading,
Truck Unloading) [EMF
Transport], Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
448
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (SO2) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
CO (g)
Hg (g)
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]0
449
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to recycling plant)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
450
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
451
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (CO) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Density (RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, Hg),
Diesel Carbon Content
[EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
452
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
453
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to recycling plant)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
454
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (Coal Fly
Ash) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
455
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(Coal Fly Ash) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], OneWay Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density (RAP)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity, Fuel
Efficiency) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], EIO
(Asphalt Emulsion, RCRA
Hazardous Waste
Generated), Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], Density
(RAP) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Material Transport - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
456
RAP To Recycling
Plant
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP to
recycling plant) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
RAP From
Recycling Plant To
Site (Crushing)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from recycling plant to site)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
457
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP to recycling plant)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from recycling plant
to site) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Rock
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Rock)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
458
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Rock) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Gravel
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Gravel)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Sand
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Sand)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
459
Material Volume Inputs
(Gravel) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Volume Inputs
(Sand) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Soil [Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (Soil)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP Toxicity
Potential Emissions Weighting Cancer HTP Air (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 - TCDD)
[EMF Transport], One-Way
Transport Distance [Initial
Construction, Maintenance],
Transport Mode (Capacity)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
460
Material Volume Inputs
(Soil) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To
Landfill
[Environmental
Results]
Material Volume Inputs (RAP
from site to landfill) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential Emissions
Weighting - Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes, Benzo[a]pyrene,
2,3,7,8 - TCDD) [EMF
Transport], One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Transport Mode
(Capacity) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty Diesel
Toxic Emissions (Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, CDD/CDF)
[EMF Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
RAP From Site To Landfill &
RCM From Site To Landfill Not
Included
Material Volume Inputs
(RAP from site to landfill)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance], HTP
Toxicity Potential
Emissions Weighting - Non
Cancer HTP Air
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene, 2,3,7,8 TCDD) [EMF Transport],
One-Way Transport
Distance [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Transport
Mode (Capacity) [Initial
Construction,
Maintenance], Heavy-Duty
Diesel Toxic Emissions
(Aldehydes,
Benzo[a]pyrene,
CDD/CDF) [EMF
Transport], Density (Virgin
Aggregates) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
RAP From Site To Landfill
& RCM From Site To
Landfill Not Included
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
[Environmental
Results]
461
Paving HMA
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt to Site), Equipment
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density (Asphalt
Mix) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Totals (Total:
Hot-mix Asphalt to Site),
Equipment (Asphalt Paving
- Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
Tandem Roller Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details], Diesel
Carbon Content
[Conversions, EMF
Transport], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, CO) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Material Totals (Total:
Asphalt to Site), Equipment
Hot-mix Asphalt to Site),
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Equipment (Asphalt Paving
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller - Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption) Tandem Roller Paving HMA
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Productivity, Engine
[Environmental
Transportation Energy Data
Capacity) [Equipment,
Results]
(Diesel Heat Content)
Equipment Details],
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Content [Conversions, EMF
Emission Factors (NOx)
Transport], Density (Asphalt Mix) [EMF Transport], Density
[Initial Construction,
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Construction, Maintenance,
462
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total:
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Hot-mix Asphalt to Site),
Asphalt to Site), Equipment
Equipment (Asphalt Paving
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
- Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
Tandem Roller - Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Productivity, Engine
Paving HMA
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Capacity) [Equipment,
[Environmental
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Equipment Details],
Results]
Emission Factors (PM-10) [EMF
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Transport], FIRE-EPA (Truck
Emission Factors (SO2)
Unloading) [EMF Transport],
[EMF Transport], Density
Density (Asphalt Mix) [Initial
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Design, Densities]
Totals
All Disaggregate
All Disaggregate Calculations
[Environmental
Calculations Included in
Included in Sum
Results]
Sum
463
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total:
Hot-mix Asphalt to Site),
Equipment (Asphalt Paving
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
- Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
Asphalt to Site), Equipment
Tandem Roller (Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Productivity, Fuel
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
Consumption) [Equipment,
- Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Equipment Details],
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Paving HMA
Transportation Energy
Transportation Energy Data
[Environmental
Data (Diesel Heat Content)
(Diesel Heat Content)
Results]
[Conversions], Diesel
[Conversions], USEPA AP-42
Carbon Content [EMF
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
Transport, Conversions],
(CO) [EMF Transport], Density
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
(Asphalt Mix) [Initial
Hg) [EMF Transport],
Construction, Maintenance,
Density (Asphalt Mix)
Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
All Disaggregate
All Disaggregate Calculations
[Environmental
Calculations Included in
Included in Sum
Results]
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
464
Paving HMA
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Hot-mix
Asphalt to Site), Equipment
(Asphalt Paving - Paver,
Pneumatic Roller, Tandem Roller
- Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
Content [EMF Transport,
Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF
Transport]Density (Asphalt Mix)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Totals (Total:
Hot-mix Asphalt to Site),
Equipment (Asphalt Paving
- Paver, Pneumatic Roller,
Tandem Roller Productivity, Fuel
Consumption) [Equipment,
Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy
Data (Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Diesel
Carbon Content [EMF
Transport, Conversions],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated) [EMF
Transport]Density (Asphalt
Mix) [Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - WC1, WC2, WC3
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
Paving HMA
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
465
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
Energy (MJ)
Water Consumption (g)
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
materials to site), Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator,
Vibratory Soil Compactor Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], Density
(Calculates According to Mixture
of Materials Used) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Equipment (Excavation,
Placing and Compaction Excavator, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], Transportation
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Content) [Conversions],
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
CO) [EMF Transport],
Density (Calculates
According to Mixture of
Materials Used) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
[Environmental
Results]
CO2 (kg)
NOx (g)
466
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
Equipment (Excavation,
materials to site), Equipment
Placing and Compaction (Excavation, Placing and
Excavator, Vibratory Soil
Compaction - Excavator,
Compactor - Productivity,
Vibratory Soil Compactor Engine Capacity)
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
[Equipment, Equipment
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Details], Transportation
Transportation Energy Data
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
(Diesel Heat Content)
Content) [Conversions],
[Conversions], Diesel Carbon
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Content [EMF Transport,
Emission Factors (NOx)
Conversions], Density (Calculates [EMF Transport], Density
According to Mixture of Materials (Calculates According to
Used) [Initial Construction,
Mixture of Materials Used)
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
All Disaggregate Calculations
Calculations Included in
Included in Sum
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
PM-10 (g)
SO2 (g)
[Environmental
Results]
467
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
materials to site), Equipment
(Excavation, Placing and
Compaction - Excavator,
Vibratory Soil Compactor Productivity, Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Transportation Energy Data
(Diesel Heat Content)
[Conversions], FIRE-EPA (Truck
Unloading (Of Gravel Used in
Maintenance in SB)) [EMF
Transport], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission Factors
(PM-10) [EMF Transport],
Density (Calculates According to
Mixture of Materials Used) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Equipment (Excavation,
Placing and Compaction Excavator, Vibratory Soil
Compactor - Productivity,
Engine Capacity)
[Equipment, Equipment
Details], USEPA AP-42
Section 3.3 Emission
Factors (SO2) [EMF
Transport], Density
(Calculates According to
Mixture of Materials Used)
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Material/Process
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Disaggregate
Calculations
CO (g)
Hg (g)
[Environmental
Results]
468
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Equipment (Excavation,
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
Placing and Compaction materials to site), Equipment
Excavator, Vibratory Soil
(Excavation, Placing and
Compactor - Productivity,
Compaction - Excavator,
Fuel Consumption)
Vibratory Soil Compactor [Equipment, Equipment
Productivity, Engine Capacity)
Details], Transportation
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
USEPA AP-42 Section 3.3
Content) [Conversions],
Emission Factors (CO) [EMF
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
Transport], Density (Calculates
Hg) [EMF Transport],
According to Mixture of Materials
Density (Calculates
Used) [Initial Construction,
According to Mixture of
Maintenance, Design, Densities]
Materials Used) [Initial
Construction, Maintenance,
Design, Densities]
All Disaggregate
All Disaggregate Calculations
Calculations Included in
Included in Sum
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Pb (g)
[Environmental
Generated (g)
Results]
469
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
Material Totals (Total:
Subbase materials to site),
Equipment (Excavation,
Material Totals (Total: Subbase
Placing and Compaction materials to site), Equipment
Excavator, Vibratory Soil
(Excavation, Placing and
Compactor - Productivity,
Compaction - Excavator,
Fuel Consumption)
Vibratory Soil Compactor [Equipment, Equipment
Productivity, Fuel Consumption)
Details], Transportation
[Equipment, Equipment Details],
Energy Data (Diesel Heat
Transportation Energy Data
Content) [Conversions],
(Diesel Heat Content)
EIO (Asphalt Emulsion,
[Conversions], EIO (Asphalt
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Emulsion, Pb) [EMF Transport],
Generated) [EMF
Density (Calculates According to
Transport], Density
Mixture of Materials Used) [Initial
(Calculates According to
Construction, Maintenance,
Mixture of Materials Used)
Design, Densities]
[Initial Construction,
Maintenance, Design,
Densities]
All Disaggregate
All Disaggregate Calculations
Calculations Included in
Included in Sum
Sum
Initial Construction, Maintenance - Processes - SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, E&S
Environmental Outputs
Environmental Outputs
Material/Process
Disaggregate
Calculations
HTP Cancer (g)
HTP Non Cancer (g)
[Environmental
Results]
Rock, Gravel, Sand,
And Soil Placing
And Compaction
[Environmental
Results]
Totals
[Environmental
Results]
All Disaggregate Calculations
Included in Sum
470
All Disaggregate
Calculations Included in
Sum
471
Appendix I
EXERCISE QUESTION 4 RESULTS
472
Table I.1
Wearing Course Percent Differences.
Environmental Outputs
Alternative 1 (RAP)
WC (Density = 1.23)
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
WC (Density = 1.23)
WC % Difference (Alt
1 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
1963249.273
3440410.0524
-42.93560236
Water Consumption (g)
301366.0387
106252.1050
183.6330054
CO2 (kg)
185495.4382
73802.3660
151.3407743
NOx (g)
7397119.193
4686515.7005
57.83835296
PM-10 (g)
1399249.382
521933.6240
168.0895267
SO2 (g)
445954.8982
206763239.4
-99.78431616
CO (g)
662303.8039
218833.8368
202.6514609
Hg (g)
1.418469838
0.47022713
201.6563165
Pb (g)
65.99972207
21.87911158
201.6563165
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated (g)
14146477.82
4689601.063
201.6563165
HTP Cancer (g)
308818.2328
12613.27938
2348.357984
HTP Non Cancer (g)
528864493.5
15474583.07
3317.633233
473
Average WC %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Table I.2
574.316114
Subbase Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 1 (RAP)
SB (Density = 1.85)
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
SB (Density = 1.85)
SB % Difference (Alt
1 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
3553341.383
81989.13147
4233.917581
Water Consumption
(g)
452049.058
7973.325304
5569.517307
CO2 (kg)
304578.2389
6153.727556
4849.49177
NOx (g)
12160298.7
133009.8114
9042.407298
PM-10 (g)
2174566.495
9439.405967
22937.11168
SO2 (g)
739334.6318
8795.810106
8305.531985
CO (g)
1222864.125
28661.46903
4166.578675
Hg (g)
2.112494652
0.059238076
3466.109481
Pb (g)
100.9155508
2.756277547
3561.298585
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
20551093.82
590784.5968
3378.610297
474
HTP Cancer (g)
598665.2731
0
N/A
HTP Non Cancer (g)
1023808207
0
N/A
Average SB %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
6951.057466
Table I.3
Material Production Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 1 (RAP)
MP
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
MP
MP % Difference (Alt
1 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
1091452.962
2789586.859
-60.87402841
Water Consumption
(g)
0
0
N/A
CO2 (kg)
159254.212
25128.9
533.7492371
NOx (g)
1932516.578
2233680
-13.4828365
PM-10 (g)
137146.3378
0
N/A
SO2 (g)
127795.4511
206615400
-99.93814815
CO (g)
416426.1529
0
N/A
Hg (g)
0.333752381
0
N/A
Pb (g)
18.15277903
0
N/A
475
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
2811599.179
0
N/A
HTP Cancer (g)
812627.5431
0
N/A
HTP Non Cancer (g)
1436298804
0
N/A
Average MP %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
89.86355601
Table I.4
Material Transport Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 1 (RAP)
MT
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
MT
Average MP %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
4425137.694
588423.715
652.0325203
Water Consumption
(g)
753415.0967
100183.8453
652.0325203
CO2 (kg)
330819.4651
43990.04779
652.0325203
NOx (g)
17624901.32
2343635.526
652.0325203
PM-10 (g)
3436669.539
456836.5658
652.2754956
SO2 (g)
1057494.079
140618.1316
652.0325203
CO (g)
1468741.776
195302.9605
652.0325203
476
Hg (g)
3.197212109
0.425142799
652.0325203
Pb (g)
148.7624939
19.78139108
652.0325203
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
31885972.46
4239972.555
652.0325203
HTP Cancer (g)
94855.96283
12613.27938
652.0325203
HTP Non Cancer (g)
116373897
15474583.07
652.0325203
Average MT %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
652.0527683
Table I.5
Processes Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 1 (RAP)
Pro
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
Pro
Pro % Difference (Alt
1 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
0
144388.6102
N/A
Water Consumption
(g)
0
14041.585
N/A
CO2 (kg)
0
10837.14577
N/A
NOx (g)
0
242209.9855
N/A
PM-10 (g)
0
74536.46417
N/A
477
SO2 (g)
0
16017.11195
N/A
CO (g)
0
52192.34527
N/A
Hg (g)
0
0.104322406
N/A
Pb (g)
0
4.85399805
N/A
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
0
1040413.105
N/A
HTP Cancer (g)
0
0
N/A
HTP Non Cancer (g)
0
0
N/A
Average Pro %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
N/A
Table I.6
Totals Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 1 (RAP)
Totals
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
Totals
Total % Difference
(Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
5516590.656
3522399.184
56.6145791
Water Consumption
(g)
753415.0967
114225.4303
559.5861313
CO2 (kg)
490073.6771
79956.09356
512.9284903
478
NOx (g)
19557417.89
4819525.512
305.7955051
PM-10 (g)
3573815.877
531373.03
572.5625268
SO2 (g)
1185289.53
206772035.2
-99.42676507
CO (g)
1885167.929
247495.3058
661.6984586
Hg (g)
3.53096449
0.529465206
566.8926403
Pb (g)
166.9152729
24.63538913
577.5426686
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
34697571.64
5280385.66
557.1029822
HTP Cancer (g)
907483.5059
12613.27938
7094.667449
HTP Non Cancer (g)
1552672701
15474583.07
9933.696507
Average Total %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
1774.971764
Table I.7
Summary of Percent Differences.
Question 4
Average WC %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
574.316114
Average SB %
6951.057466
479
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average MP %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average MT %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average Pro %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average Total %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
89.86355601
652.0527683
N/A
1774.971764
480
Appendix J
EXERCISE QUESTION 5 RESULTS
481
Table J.1
Wearing Course Percent Differences.
Environmental Outputs
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) WC
(Density = 1.23)
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) WC
(Density = 1.23)
WC % Difference (Alt
2 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
4503790.324
3440410.052
30.90853285
Water Consumption (g)
660331.5081
106252.105
521.4761657
CO2 (kg)
323162.2823
73802.366
337.8752333
NOx (g)
4737469.356
4686515.7
1.087239625
PM-10 (g)
4316484.162
522034.7535
726.8576245
SO2 (g)
493798.6223
206763239.4
-99.76117678
CO (g)
674443.0985
218833.8368
208.1987267
Hg (g)
0.779424082
0.47022713
65.75480931
Pb (g)
106.1870166
21.87911158
385.335139
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated (g)
11678105.69
4689601.063
149.0213034
482
HTP Cancer (g)
348944.4996
12613.27938
2666.485139
HTP Non Cancer (g)
4144634577
15474583.07
26683.49756
Average WC %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
2639.728024
Table J.2
Subbase Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) SB
(Density = 1.56)
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) SB
(Density = 1.56)
SB % Difference (Alt
2 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
2534543.157
69025.98501
3571.868147
Water Consumption
(g)
373889.6652
6712.677925
5469.90324
CO2 (kg)
182500.4293
5180.773334
3422.648407
NOx (g)
3244601.182
111979.8817
2797.485809
PM-10 (g)
2380045.124
10462.27242
22648.83533
483
SO2 (g)
302940.0158
7405.121211
3990.95283
CO (g)
417823.0917
24129.85838
1631.56048
Hg (g)
0.554455926
0.049872056
1011.756703
Pb (g)
61.87415869
2.320487719
2566.429052
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
7544339.053
497376.7619
1416.825801
HTP Cancer (g)
90522.72518
0
N/A
HTP Non Cancer (g)
644853268.6
0
N/A
Average SB %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
4852.82658
Table J.3
Material Production Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MP
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MP
MP % Difference (Alt
2 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
5226948.095
2789586.859
87.37355601
484
Water Consumption
(g)
725818.3191
0
N/A
CO2 (kg)
370245.1076
25128.9
1373.383664
NOx (g)
767495.3386
2233680
-65.63987059
PM-10 (g)
5290039.403
0
N/A
SO2 (g)
363864.1261
206615400
-99.82389303
CO (g)
491051.5902
0
N/A
Hg (g)
0.025133549
0
N/A
Pb (g)
107.1667521
0
N/A
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
6170244.221
0
N/A
HTP Cancer (g)
400638.8952
0
N/A
HTP Non Cancer (g)
4741851367
0
N/A
Average MP %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
323.8233641
485
Table J.4
Material Transport Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MT
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MT
MT % Difference (Alt
2 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
1811385.385
588423.715
207.8369106
Water Consumption
(g)
308402.8542
100183.8453
207.8369106
CO2 (kg)
135417.6041
43990.04779
207.8369106
NOx (g)
7214575.199
2343635.526
207.8369106
PM-10 (g)
1406489.882
456836.5658
207.8759424
SO2 (g)
432874.512
140618.1316
207.8369106
CO (g)
601214.5999
195302.9605
207.8369106
Hg (g)
1.308746459
0.425142799
207.8369106
Pb (g)
60.89442317
19.78139108
207.8369106
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
13052200.52
4239972.555
207.8369106
486
HTP Cancer (g)
38828.32957
12613.27938
207.8369106
HTP Non Cancer (g)
47636478.43
15474583.07
207.8369106
Average MT %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
207.8401632
Table J.5
Processes Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Pro
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Pro
Pro % Difference (Alt
2 - Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
0
131425.4637
N/A
Water Consumption
(g)
0
12780.93763
N/A
CO2 (kg)
0
9864.191547
N/A
NOx (g)
0
221180.0559
N/A
PM-10 (g)
0
75660.46011
N/A
SO2 (g)
0
14626.42305
N/A
487
CO (g)
0
47660.73462
N/A
Hg (g)
0
0.094956386
N/A
Pb (g)
0
4.418208222
N/A
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
0
947005.27
N/A
HTP Cancer (g)
0
0
N/A
HTP Non Cancer (g)
0
0
N/A
Average Pro %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
N/A
Table J.6
Totals Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Totals
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Totals
Total % Difference
(Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Energy (MJ)
7038333.48
3509436.037
100.5545451
Water Consumption
(g)
1034221.173
112964.7829
815.525305
488
CO2 (kg)
505662.7116
78983.13934
540.2160206
NOx (g)
7982070.538
4798495.582
66.3452722
PM-10 (g)
6696529.285
532497.0259
1157.571209
SO2 (g)
796738.638
206770644.6
-99.61467517
CO (g)
1092266.19
242963.6951
349.5594247
Hg (g)
1.333880008
0.520099186
156.4664673
Pb (g)
168.0611753
24.1995993
594.4791656
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
19222444.74
5186977.825
270.5904554
HTP Cancer (g)
439467.2248
12613.27938
3384.163091
HTP Non Cancer (g)
4789487846
15474583.07
30850.67457
Average Total %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
3182.210904
Table J.7
Summary of Percent Differences.
489
Question 5
Average WC %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average SB %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average MP %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average MT %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average Pro %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average Total %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
2639.728024
4852.82658
323.8233641
207.8401632
N/A
3182.210904
490
Appendix K
EXERCISE QUESTION 6 RESULTS
491
Table K.1
Wearing Course Percent Differences.
Environmental Outputs
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
WC (Density = 1.23)
+ Alternative 1 (RAP)
WC (Density = 1.23)
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) WC
(Density = 1.23) +
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) WC
(Density = 1.23)
WC % Difference
((RAP - Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Energy (MJ)
5403659.325
7944200.376
-31.97982088
Water Consumption (g)
407618.1437
766583.6131
-46.82665574
CO2 (kg)
259297.8042
396964.6483
-34.67987507
NOx (g)
12083634.89
9423985.057
28.22213555
492
PM-10 (g)
1921183.006
4838518.915
-60.29398582
SO2 (g)
207209194.3
207257038.1
-0.023084246
CO (g)
881137.6406
893276.9353
-1.35896206
Hg (g)
1.888696968
1.249651212
51.13792955
Pb (g)
87.87883366
128.0661282
-31.38011206
RCRA Hazardous Waste
Generated (g)
18836078.89
16367706.75
15.08074509
HTP Cancer (g)
321431.5122
361557.779
-11.09816166
493
HTP Non Cancer (g)
Table K.2
544339076.5
4160109160
-86.91526939
Average WC %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
-17.50959306
Subbase Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
SB (Density = 1.85) +
Alternative 1 (RAP)
SB (Density = 1.85)
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) SB
(Density = 1.56) +
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) SB
(Density = 1.56)
SB % Difference
((RAP - Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Energy (MJ)
3635330.515
2603569.142
39.62872951
494
Water Consumption
(g)
460022.3833
380602.3432
20.86693412
CO2 (kg)
310731.9665
187681.2027
65.56371234
NOx (g)
12293308.51
3356581.063
266.2449463
PM-10 (g)
2184005.901
2390507.396
-8.638395996
SO2 (g)
748130.4419
310345.137
141.0640132
CO (g)
1251525.594
441952.95
183.1807309
Hg (g)
2.171732728
0.604327982
259.3632585
495
Pb (g)
103.6718284
64.19464641
61.49606578
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
21141878.42
8041715.815
162.9025808
HTP Cancer (g)
598665.2731
90522.72518
561.3425213
HTP Non Cancer (g)
1023808207
644853268.6
58.76607237
Average SB %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
150.9817641
Table K.3
Material Production Percent Differences.s
496
Environmental
Outputs
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
+ Alternative 1 (RAP)
MP
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MP +
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MP
MP % Difference
((RAP - Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Energy (MJ)
3881039.821
8016534.954
-51.58706545
Water Consumption
(g)
0
725818.3191
-100
CO2 (kg)
184383.112
395374.0076
-53.3648878
NOx (g)
4166196.578
3001175.339
38.81883288
497
PM-10 (g)
137146.3378
5290039.403
-97.40746094
SO2 (g)
206743195.5
206979264.1
-0.114054263
CO (g)
416426.1529
491051.5902
-15.19706663
Hg (g)
0.333752381
0.025133549
1227.915865
Pb (g)
18.15277903
107.1667521
-83.06118394
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
2811599.179
6170244.221
-54.43293526
HTP Cancer (g)
812627.5431
400638.8952
102.8329133
498
HTP Non Cancer (g)
Table K.4
1436298804
4741851367
-69.7101682
Average MP %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
70.39106575
Material Transport Percent Differences.
Environmental
Outputs
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
MT + Alternative 1
(RAP) MT
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MT +
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) MT
MT % Difference
((RAP - Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Energy (MJ)
5013561.409
2399809.1
108.9150095
499
Water Consumption
(g)
853598.942
408586.6995
108.9150095
CO2 (kg)
374809.5129
179407.6519
108.9150095
NOx (g)
19968536.84
9558210.726
108.9150095
PM-10 (g)
3893506.105
1863326.448
108.9545882
SO2 (g)
1198112.211
573492.6435
108.9150095
CO (g)
1664044.737
796517.5605
108.9150095
Hg (g)
3.622354909
1.733889259
108.9150095
500
Pb (g)
168.543885
80.67581424
108.9150095
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
36125945.02
17292173.08
108.9150095
HTP Cancer (g)
107469.2422
51441.60895
108.9150095
HTP Non Cancer (g)
131848480.1
63111061.5
108.9150095
Average MT %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
108.9186075
Table K.5
Processes Percent Differences.
501
Environmental
Outputs
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
Pro + Alternative 1
(RAP) Pro
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Pro +
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Pro
Pro % Difference
((RAP - Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Energy (MJ)
144388.6102
131425.4637
9.863496842
Water Consumption
(g)
14041.585
12780.93763
9.863496842
CO2 (kg)
10837.14577
9864.191547
9.863496842
NOx (g)
242209.9855
221180.0559
9.50805874
502
PM-10 (g)
74536.46417
75660.46011
-1.485579044
SO2 (g)
16017.11195
14626.42305
9.50805874
CO (g)
52192.34527
47660.73462
9.50805874
Hg (g)
0.104322406
0.094956386
9.863496842
Pb (g)
4.85399805
4.418208222
9.863496842
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
1040413.105
947005.27
9.863496842
HTP Cancer (g)
0
0
N/A
503
HTP Non Cancer (g)
0
N/A
Average % Pro
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
8.621957823
Environmental
Outputs
Base Scenario For
Alternative 1 (RAP)
Totals + Alternative 1
(RAP) Totals
Base Scenario
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Totals +
Alternative 2 (Virgin
Materials) Totals
Total % Difference
((RAP - Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Energy (MJ)
9038989.84
10547769.52
-14.30425338
Table K.6
0
Totals Percent Differences.
504
Water Consumption
(g)
867640.527
1147185.956
-24.36792638
CO2 (kg)
570029.7707
584645.851
-2.499988714
NOx (g)
24376943.41
12780566.12
90.73445712
PM-10 (g)
4105188.907
7229026.311
-43.21242266
SO2 (g)
207957324.8
207567383.2
0.187862647
CO (g)
2132663.235
1335229.885
59.72255103
Hg (g)
4.060429696
1.853979193
119.0116108
505
Pb (g)
191.550662
192.2607746
-0.369348638
RCRA Hazardous
Waste Generated (g)
39977957.3
24409422.57
63.78083993
HTP Cancer (g)
920096.7853
452080.5042
103.5249865
HTP Non Cancer (g)
1568147284
4804962429
-67.3640053
Average Total %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
23.73703025
Table K.7
Summary of Percent Differences.
Question 6
WC % Difference
((RAP - Virgin
-17.50959306
506
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
SB % Difference ((RAP
- Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average MP %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average MT %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average % Pro
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average Total %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
150.9817641
70.39106575
108.9186075
8.621957823
23.73703025
507
Appendix L
EXERCISE COMPARISON OF AVERAGE PERCENT DIFFERENCES FOR
WEARING COURSE, SUBBASE, MATERIAL PRODUCTION, MATERIAL
TRANSPORT, PROCESSES, AND TOTALS
508
Table L.1
Comparison of Average Percent Differences.
Question 4
Average WC %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average SB %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average MP %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average MT %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average Pro %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
Average Total %
Difference (Alt 1 Base)/Base)*100
574.316114
6951.057466
89.86355601
652.0527683
N/A
1774.971764
Question 5
Average WC %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average SB %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average MP %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average MT %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average Pro %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Average Total %
2639.728024
4852.82658
323.8233641
207.8401632
N/A
3182.210904
509
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
Question 6
Average WC %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average SB %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average MP %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average MT %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average % Pro
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average Total %
Difference ((RAP Virgin
Materials)/Virgin
Materials)*100)
Average Pro %
Difference (Alt 2 -
-17.50959306
150.9817641
70.39106575
108.9186075
8.621957823
23.73703025
N/A
510
Base)/Base)*100
Average Total %
Difference (Alt 2 Base)/Base)*100
3182.210904
511
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