DATA SNAPSHOT
Publication #2011-19
4301 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 350, Washington, DC 20008
Phone 202-572-6000 Fax 202-362-8420 www.childtrends.org
FOSTER CARE DATA SNAPSHOT
May 31, 2011
F
oster care is intended to provide a temporary safe haven for children who have been abused or
neglected, or whose parents for some other reason cannot provide adequate care. It is not intended
to be a permanent living arrangement. The goal of U.S. child welfare is to find safe, permanent
homes for children, either by reunification with their families of origin or through adoption or
placement with a permanent legal guardian.
Unfortunately, many children in foster care never end up in a safe, permanent family. Some spend
years in multiple foster families and group homes, an experience that heightens their risk of emotional, behavioral, and academic challenges. For this reason, policy makers, administrators, and advocates
have focused their efforts on safely reducing the foster care rolls. Their efforts to date have yielded
mixed results. While the numbers of children in foster care and entering care each year have
decreased nationwide, there is wide variation among the states, and the decline has not been
continuous over the past decade.
To coincide with National Foster Care Month in May, this Data Snapshot explores state and national
trends in the number of children in foster care, as well as the number entering foster care, each year
from 2000 to 2009, using data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System
(AFCARS). On September 30, 2009, 424,000 children were in foster care in the United States, a
decrease nationally of 23 percent from the 544,000 children in foster care on September 30, 2000.
This Data Snapshot uses data from the
foster care file of the Adoption and Foster Care Reporting System (AFCARS).
The AFCARS foster care file includes
child-specific information provided by
states from their child welfare administrative data systems on all children in
foster care for whom the state child welfare agency has responsibility for placement, care, or supervision, regardless of
eligibility for Title IV-E funds. Data are
included for a federal fiscal year.
Children are categorized as being in
foster care if they entered foster care
prior to the end of the current fiscal
year and were not discharged from
their latest foster care spell by the
end of the current fiscal year.
Children are categorized as entering foster care if the most recent date of their
removal from parental custody was after
the beginning of the current fiscal year
and before the end of the fiscal year.
© 2011 Child Trends
FIGURE 1
Number of children in foster care at the end of the
fiscal year, and entering in the fiscal year, by year
(in thousands)
600
544 545
Number of children, in thousands
ABOUT THE DATA SOURCE
533
519
507
511
511
500
493
460
424
400
300
287
296
302
295
298
308
303
293
274
255
200
100
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Fiscal Year
Number of children in foster care at end of FY
Number of children entering foster care in FY
1
FIGURE 2
Percentage change in number of children in foster care at the end
of the Fiscal Year, 2000 to 2009
KEY
Decreased by 25% or more
Increased by >+10% but less than 25%
Decreased by >+10% but less than 25%
increased by 25% or more
Change <10%
The number of children in foster care at the end
of each fiscal year decreased from 2001 to 2004,
increased slightly to 511,000 in 2005 and 2006,
and then continued to decline steadily to 424,000
at the end of FY 2009. (See Figure 1.)
Similarly, the number of children entering
foster care each year has decreased overall, from
287,000 children in 2000, to 255,000 children in
2009. However, the number of children entering
care has fluctuated over the course of the decade,
reaching a high of 308,000 children entering care
in 2005 before starting to decline.
For more information on the importance of foster
care, visit the Child Trends DataBank.
NATIONAL AND STATE-LEVEL CHANGES
IN THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER
CARE BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009.
Nationally, the number of children in foster care
at the end of the fiscal year decreased by 23%
2
between 2000 and 2009. The map in Figure 2
illustrates the percentage change in the number
of children in foster care at the end of the year
between 2000 and 2009, by state. States in darker shades experienced decreases in their foster
care population, while states with the lightest
two shades had increases. Table 1 ranks the
states by the percentage change in their foster
care populations between 2000 and 2009.
• Maine had the largest decline, with its
foster care population dropping by nearly
half (48.4%).
• Nevada had the largest increase, with its
foster care population nearly doubling (195%).
NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE
BY STATE IN 2009.
Table 1 also presents the total number of children
in foster care on September 30, 2009 by state.
© 2011 Child Trends
FIGURE 3
Percentage change in number of children entering
foster care, 2000 to 2009
KEY
Decreased by 25% or more
Increased by >+10% but less than 25%
Decreased by >+10% but less than 25%
increased by 25% or more
Change <10%
• California had the largest number of
children in foster care (60,198 children)
on this date, primarily because it has the
largest child population in the nation.
YEAR-TO-YEAR CHANGES IN THE NUMBER
OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE.
While Figure 2 and Table 1 demonstrate the
overall percentage change between 2000 and 2009,
Table 2 highlights the percentage change in the
foster care population by year in each state.
• Almost every state, like the United States
as a whole, has experienced fluctuations in
both positive and negative directions from
year to year.
• Only California and Illinois have decreased
their foster care totals each year since 2000.
NATIONAL AND STATE-LEVEL CHANGES
IN THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN ENTERING
FOSTER CARE BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009.
Figure 3 illustrates the percentage change in the
© 2011 Child Trends
number of children entering foster care in each
state between 2000 and 2009. While the number
of children entering foster care nationally
decreased by 12% between 2000 and 2009, not
all states experienced similar declines. As shown
in the map, states highlighted in the darkest
three shades experienced decreases between
2000 and 2009 in the number of children entering foster care, and states highlighted in the
lightest two shades experienced increases.
(See Table 3 for state rankings.)
• Delaware had the largest decrease, with
the number of children entering foster care
declining by more than one half (53%).
• Nevada had the largest increase, with the
number of children entering in 2009 more
than triple what it was in 2000 (332%).
NUMBER OF CHILDREN ENTERING
FOSTER CARE BY STATE IN 2009 .
In addition to presenting the percentage change
in the number of children entering foster care
3
from 2000 to 2009, Table 3 includes the number of
children entering foster care in 2009 and the rate
of children entering foster care per 1,000 children
ages 0 to 17 in each state.
• Again, California had the largest number
of children entering foster care in 2009.
• Wyoming had the highest rate of foster care
entry, with 8.18 of every 1,000 children
entering foster care in 2009.
YEAR-TO-YEAR CHANGES IN THE NUMBER
OF CHILDREN ENTERING FOSTER CARE.
The overall percentage change between 2000 and
2009 in the number children entering foster care,
as shown in Figure 3 and Table 3, is broken down
in Table 4 to show year-to-year changes. As is the
case with the number of children in care, there is
year-to-year fluctuation in the direction and rate
of change, and neither the nation nor any single
state experienced continuous decreases or
increases in these numbers over this period.
CONCLUSION
Foster care is an important safety net for some
children who cannot remain safely at home
because of abuse or neglect. Although one might
expect that the numbers of children needing foster
care might be approximately uniform (after controlling for population) across states, the data presented in this snapshot document wide variation
in terms of entries and placements from state to
state. The reasons for these differences are complex, but can partially be explained by the wide
variation in state foster care systems with respect
to their funding structures, policies and practices.
For more information about specific state policies
and funding, visit the Child Welfare Policy Database and the Fostering Connections website.
This Data Snapshot was developed with funding from
the Annie E. Casey Foundation by Amy McKlindon,
with contributions from Sharon Vandivere and David
Murphey. The data used in this publication were
made available to Child Trends by the National Data
Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and have been used with permission.
Data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and
Reporting System (AFCARS) were originally collected
by the Children’s Bureau, Administration on Children,
Youth and Families U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, which also funded the collection
of the data. Neither Children’s Bureau, the Archive,
Cornell University, nor their agents or employees bear
any responsibility for the analyses or interpretations
presented here.
4
TA B L E 1
Percentage change in number of children
in foster care at the end of Fiscal Year
(2000 to 2009), and number of children in
foster care at end of FY2009, by state
State
Overall percent
change from
2000 to 2009
Maine
Florida
California
Maryland
Illinois
New York
Ohio
Hawaii
Minnesota
Wisconsin
Tennessee
Connecticut
District of Columbia
New Hampshire
Georgia
Delaware
Missouri
Montana
Vermont
United States1
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Massachusetts
Kansas
Virginia
North Carolina
Louisiana
Michigan
Rhode Island
Oregon
Nebraska
Alaska
Mississippi
Oklahoma
New Mexico
Colorado
North Dakota
South Carolina
Washington
Kentucky
Arkansas
South Dakota
Alabama
West Virginia
Iowa
Wyoming
Idaho
Texas
Utah
Arizona
Indiana
Nevada
Puerto Rico1
-48.40%
-47.70%
-46.60%
-46.20%
-42.20%
-40.60%
-40.10%
-39.40%
-36.60%
-35.40%
-33.70%
-32.00%
-30.90%
-29.10%
-28.40%
-25.90%
-24.80%
-24.80%
-23.50%
-23.10%
-22.00%
-20.30%
-17.00%
-13.40%
-12.70%
-12.00%
-11.50%
-11.50%
-8.30%
-5.90%
-5.80%
-1.20%
0.90%
3.60%
5.10%
5.20%
8.40%
9.10%
10.90%
14.20%
20.10%
22.10%
22.70%
25.10%
29.50%
41.70%
42.50%
46.70%
52.90%
57.10%
66.20%
195.90%
---
Number of
children in care
at end of FY2009
1,646
19,156
60,198
7,052
17,080
27,992
12,197
1,455
5,410
6,785
6,723
4,761
2,111
930
8,020
814
9,912
1,639
1,062
423,773
16,878
7,809
9,650
5,691
5,927
9,547
4,786
17,723
2,112
8,650
5,343
2,166
3,320
8,712
2,009
7,927
1,224
4,938
9,922
6,872
3,657
1,484
6,894
4,237
6,564
1,155
1,446
26,686
2,759
10,175
12,437
4,779
5,351
1 Data
for Puerto Rico not available for 2000, therefore percentage change
from 2000 to 2009 could not be calculated. Percentage change in the national number of children in foster care from 2000 to 2009 excludes Puerto Rico.
© 2011 Child Trends
TA B L E 2
Percentage change in number of children in foster care at the end of Fiscal Year,
by state (2000 to 2009)
2000 to
2001
Alabama
4.23
Alaska
-9.12
Arizona
-6.56
Arkansas
-2.82
California
-5.00
Colorado
-5.24
Connecticut
6.35
Delaware
-6.83
District of Columbia
9.33
Florida
-11.28
Georgia
17.59
Hawaii
7.62
Idaho
9.75
Illinois
-4.61
Indiana
12.04
Iowa
2.64
Kansas
-2.44
Kentucky
2.46
Louisiana
-7.07
Maine
1.10
Maryland
-4.19
Massachusetts
-0.44
Michigan
4.30
Minnesota
-4.26
Mississippi
4.59
Missouri
1.62
Montana
-7.89
Nebraska
10.22
Nevada
83.22
New Hampshire
-1.75
New Jersey
8.90
New Mexico
-8.11
New York
-7.97
North Carolina
-6.61
North Dakota
3.37
Ohio
5.99
Oklahoma
3.19
Oregon
-2.47
Pennsylvania
-1.44
Rhode Island
4.87
South Carolina
5.50
South Dakota
12.51
Tennessee
-4.58
Texas
8.52
Utah
8.42
Vermont
-0.50
Virginia
1.13
Washington
1.74
West Virginia
-2.66
Wisconsin
-9.59
Wyoming
18.40
-1.50
United States1
1
2001 to
2002
2002 to
2003
2003 to
2004
2004 to
2005
2005 to
2006
2006 to
2007
2007 to
2008
2008 to
2009
0.41
3.96
2.03
0.41
-6.27
29.01
-19.26
-13.39
-0.54
-1.58
-0.20
6.89
11.85
-13.68
1.13
0.69
-3.42
10.53
-3.88
-4.40
-4.28
8.14
1.70
-1.41
-21.99
-2.73
-4.78
-8.47
11.22
0.23
7.28
7.29
-6.02
-5.95
2.57
-2.53
1.59
1.51
0.43
-1.28
0.92
2.12
-3.31
8.18
3.47
10.42
3.54
6.24
-2.37
-7.93
-3.73
-2.16
3.33
-1.54
20.99
1.45
-3.18
-4.94
12.24
-8.13
-6.90
-4.02
3.26
4.49
12.44
-11.24
3.97
-4.33
-6.61
1.19
-5.96
-10.51
-4.20
0.78
0.59
-15.92
1.30
-8.67
-2.41
-10.06
7.11
-5.73
12.03
12.57
-9.04
0.07
3.43
-8.15
4.99
0.18
-2.64
-1.09
-0.35
10.10
1.37
2.47
0.40
-7.67
-0.89
-4.72
26.37
-10.52
13.56
-2.41
-2.39
-10.29
23.10
3.65
-15.03
-6.37
0.90
4.30
-15.65
-5.91
4.70
2.15
11.71
-7.76
10.92
7.44
4.83
1.49
-3.17
-6.38
-3.56
-0.36
-0.95
-3.40
9.85
-1.03
8.79
22.22
14.18
1.56
-4.13
1.65
-9.77
5.70
6.14
-6.83
22.41
10.21
5.27
2.42
-3.46
2.93
1.09
12.11
3.69
1.63
-2.51
1.68
-1.94
-0.15
12.23
-2.37
16.50
-2.19
5.34
3.65
-2.90
0.21
3.37
13.31
-3.41
1.55
-1.77
-6.89
16.17
-2.51
14.98
26.19
-3.71
3.17
9.92
-10.64
-2.20
-2.91
-3.19
6.70
9.37
-2.93
9.46
-0.97
14.86
-4.69
-8.77
7.37
-8.93
6.16
4.26
-3.10
0.60
9.67
-1.15
3.94
2.63
7.71
-5.97
17.75
8.40
0.28
2.23
7.47
7.64
3.80
5.07
0.96
3.53
12.68
0.47
6.05
-2.34
-0.90
5.92
11.64
-5.99
-0.28
-5.66
-14.21
1.76
-5.46
1.25
33.06
9.56
5.35
7.86
-10.09
5.87
-5.72
-1.74
2.55
-2.02
-10.95
-11.70
-0.71
9.17
-2.72
-5.50
1.77
-1.59
3.90
-2.85
-4.67
3.71
-3.26
-2.56
13.27
3.43
-3.29
-4.42
6.80
6.21
-3.97
11.69
3.86
-1.61
-5.77
4.58
-0.06
1.48
8.63
-1.66
5.30
-5.51
-4.45
-22.34
7.73
-7.22
-9.81
-7.13
-17.62
1.08
-2.71
-0.11
-8.85
3.72
-0.67
2.30
-5.11
-13.52
-8.71
3.42
-5.59
3.90
-3.29
-11.47
-5.04
0.40
-5.41
-14.94
2.80
0.33
-2.59
-5.11
2.31
-0.28
-10.31
-1.31
-4.22
4.61
-4.98
-10.06
-2.30
12.86
-5.08
-0.99
6.22
4.35
-2.55
-5.38
-3.59
-5.33
-1.05
8.95
-2.60
-9.09
1.85
-7.11
-18.93
0.91
-15.84
-18.40
-16.39
-7.86
-0.17
8.92
-18.17
-4.90
-4.94
-5.03
-5.38
-22.11
-0.67
-3.16
-10.78
-1.08
2.86
-7.89
-4.83
-0.87
-5.07
-5.56
-8.34
-1.93
-9.11
-1.82
-19.47
-10.08
-6.00
-7.86
-11.57
-2.88
-5.36
-6.86
-6.60
-0.91
-8.33
-13.16
1.26
0.05
-0.58
-6.26
-6.68
0.26
-0.09
-2.40
3.83
-10.58
0.08
-11.39
-13.22
-4.78
-13.66
-19.67
-10.30
-16.08
-4.28
0.41
-2.65
-9.75
-4.32
-5.51
-11.70
-8.99
-7.45
-12.14
-10.25
0.85
-2.13
2.44
-4.44
-4.86
-9.62
-8.24
-9.55
-5.09
-2.99
-1.29
-10.99
-17.77
-3.76
-12.18
-12.26
-1.22
0.13
-6.87
-5.19
1.66
-11.50
-12.10
-11.78
-3.97
-8.35
0.09
-7.76
National estimate excludes Puerto Rico.
© 2011 Child Trends
5
TA B L E 3
Percentage change in number of children entering foster
care in FY2009, by state and number and rate of
children entering foster care in 2009, by state
State
Overall percent
change from
2000 to 2009
Delaware
Minnesota
Ohio
Montana
Hawaii
Maryland
Maine
Oklahoma
Michigan
Vermont
Wisconsin
California
Florida
New York
Missouri
Illinois
Washington
District of Columbia
Georgia
Massachusetts
Iowa
Alaska
United States2
Connecticut
North Carolina
Colorado
Pennsylvania
North Dakota
Virginia
Utah
Oregon
Kansas
South Dakota
Rhode Island
New Jersey
New Hampshire
Mississippi
Idaho
Tennessee
New Mexico
Nebraska
Louisiana
South Carolina
Alabama
Arkansas
West Virginia
Texas
Kentucky
Wyoming
Arizona
Indiana
Nevada
Puerto Rico3
-53.16%
-44.47%
-43.23%
-38.54%
-30.95%
-29.43%
-28.42%
-27.81%
-26.56%
-25.17%
-24.01%
-23.77%
-23.73%
-22.46%
-21.90%
-21.66%
-19.74%
-19.48%
-16.66%
-16.39%
-15.87%
-15.42%
-11.51%
-10.75%
-8.92%
-8.48%
-8.25%
-6.56%
-5.70%
-4.10%
-1.58%
-0.88%
0.49%
2.70%
3.14%
4.34%
5.09%
7.81%
8.61%
11.85%
13.69%
15.01%
17.24%
17.40%
17.48%
25.42%
29.38%
30.50%
44.91%
63.39%
69.73%
331.65%
---
Number of children
entering foster care
in 20091
445
5,999
8,741
976
1,332
2,772
753
4,734
7,863
550
4,560
34,826
14,313
12,876
5,636
5,176
6,092
624
5,857
6,171
4,728
927
255,418
2,466
4,971
6,353
11,226
940
2,582
2,060
4,601
3,163
1,448
1,447
4,800
505
2,107
1,215
5,952
1,991
3,563
3,631
3,719
3,124
4,161
3,000
12,769
5,387
1,139
7,588
9,464
2,905
1,190
Rate of children
entering foster
care in 2009, per
1,000 children2
2.14
4.74
3.22
4.43
4.58
2.05
2.78
5.15
3.34
4.35
3.48
3.68
3.53
2.90
3.93
1.62
3.88
5.42
2.27
4.30
6.61
5.05
3.40
3.04
2.15
5.08
3.99
6.52
1.40
2.36
5.26
4.49
7.25
6.27
2.34
1.65
2.74
2.90
3.97
3.90
7.74
3.23
3.44
2.75
5.86
7.68
1.85
5.30
8.59
4.36
5.95
4.26
1.17
1 Number calculated for children ages 0-20.
2 Rates calculated for children ages 0-17.
3 Data for Puerto Rico not available for 2000,
therefore percent-change from 2000 to 2009 could not be
calculated. Percent-change in the national number of children in foster care from 2000 to 2009 excludes
Puerto Rico.
6
© 2011 Child Trends
TA B L E 4
Percentage change in number of children entering foster care in Fiscal Year,
by state (2000 to 2009)
2000 to
2001
0.41
Alabama
Alaska
-8.85
Arizona
-2.78
Arkansas
-5.51
California
-1.11
0.94
Colorado
Connecticut
-1.81
Delaware
-1.16
District of Columbia
6.06
Florida
-0.49
Georgia
28.98
Hawaii
13.69
Idaho
7.28
Illinois
-3.89
Indiana
-3.17
Iowa
3.72
Kansas
-11.19
Kentucky
11.19
Louisiana
-4.53
Maine
-0.48
Maryland
-6.77
Massachusetts
-2.80
Michigan
14.72
Minnesota
-7.32
Mississippi
4.44
Missouri
2.44
Montana
-5.16
Nebraska
6.89
Nevada
395.99
New Hampshire
10.33
New Jersey
16.74
New Mexico
6.01
New York
-8.85
North Carolina
-2.88
North Dakota
0.70
Ohio
4.94
Oklahoma
-1.08
Oregon
-2.95
Pennsylvania
10.41
Rhode Island
5.96
South Carolina
7.35
South Dakota
-5.83
Tennessee
3.41
Texas
8.22
Utah
-6.61
Vermont
-1.09
Virginia
6.06
Washington
-4.18
West Virginia
-6.61
Wisconsin
-14.05
Wyoming
13.99
United States1
1.99
1National
2001 to
2002
2002 to
2003
2003 to
2004
2004 to
2005
2005 to
2006
2006 to
2007
2007 to
2008
2008 to
2009
16.95
6.91
11.83
0.09
3.06
10.43
1.84
-2.24
-1.22
11.39
7.73
7.16
0.33
-5.94
5.13
-0.14
-2.40
14.38
-1.33
-18.82
-2.70
-8.63
-18.43
3.05
-24.45
-3.42
-13.28
0.03
2.91
5.43
11.39
4.29
1.96
5.92
3.06
-7.27
6.72
12.30
1.30
5.96
3.88
-0.66
6.71
10.17
8.52
14.44
12.74
-7.82
5.55
-2.02
-9.71
2.03
3.87
-11.70
22.96
6.30
-1.63
-1.62
13.28
-6.21
-11.45
-1.21
8.21
-0.98
6.51
-3.00
7.19
-1.46
-3.22
4.48
-5.55
6.35
-2.61
-0.73
-3.68
-21.68
-0.76
-11.16
-10.03
-13.25
7.02
2.66
15.57
-1.37
-11.88
-2.74
0.57
-6.57
-3.03
-2.34
-4.71
-0.95
-3.42
2.00
4.27
-2.15
-11.44
-12.86
2.35
-7.58
-0.47
-0.87
21.01
-2.07
10.84
-29.48
15.54
-2.11
-14.04
2.22
-6.65
2.21
1.39
-3.00
10.70
-0.95
20.51
-2.16
15.48
3.94
13.49
1.39
-1.96
-10.62
2.71
1.68
0.94
-3.39
17.96
4.35
4.51
42.93
-5.11
-3.11
-4.59
15.56
-6.57
11.50
-0.19
-6.04
-3.07
11.41
11.77
5.23
-9.02
-7.35
6.50
18.24
1.35
15.86
2.00
5.78
2.34
12.63
19.31
0.91
6.84
41.35
5.20
3.70
4.34
-1.68
-2.26
5.11
26.06
11.11
-6.94
-17.96
10.60
0.86
7.33
13.74
2.67
7.00
22.40
-10.02
-5.92
-5.50
-4.57
4.61
10.58
-2.52
16.61
-5.13
4.07
-2.14
-12.68
-0.09
-11.19
7.23
4.77
-6.39
9.56
11.78
0.58
-5.34
4.05
7.38
5.08
24.39
13.36
-8.33
2.93
6.87
27.06
8.08
3.42
3.46
-1.38
-1.91
-2.09
8.55
0.02
-7.74
9.45
10.38
-27.09
-0.67
-10.32
-11.53
-9.87
-12.49
-2.48
-17.55
12.41
6.13
17.62
1.38
-5.34
2.00
-3.13
-1.82
-4.69
-12.31
-17.67
-3.63
8.82
1.64
8.08
-5.35
18.35
-1.78
-13.66
-2.40
-2.83
-14.57
-3.06
29.66
7.76
-0.88
-6.29
-0.03
-1.90
-8.96
11.88
-3.80
-0.33
-9.99
-1.99
-1.40
3.98
-2.71
0.97
4.13
0.75
-8.90
-14.24
8.72
-12.54
-13.86
-7.24
-13.51
0.52
0.00
4.87
-7.91
16.23
-8.23
-8.37
14.38
-10.52
0.56
1.21
-3.46
16.96
-5.64
-8.82
-5.90
-6.33
5.03
-9.46
6.93
-0.96
-6.11
-4.96
-2.25
-2.30
-13.03
0.77
-13.83
8.24
2.65
-3.04
-10.08
-2.85
-11.84
-8.41
3.86
0.89
-4.70
-10.39
-3.35
-8.95
3.23
10.01
-7.68
-12.63
2.46
-0.30
-43.51
21.50
-16.42
-25.78
-4.56
-13.40
16.77
21.56
-11.81
-13.79
-0.55
-6.33
6.41
-8.70
4.29
-4.38
-7.11
-8.10
-3.82
-4.93
-6.55
-9.62
-2.39
-8.51
-5.69
2.12
-15.36
4.22
-13.43
-12.93
-1.19
-8.99
-14.68
2.36
-3.38
-4.16
-9.70
-2.98
4.37
-8.90
-5.34
6.35
-4.53
5.94
-6.72
12.96
0.11
-7.54
10.31
-3.69
-3.58
-7.74
-29.03
-12.36
-9.63
-12.87
-3.55
-10.07
-11.42
0.95
4.12
-9.96
-6.52
6.70
-16.05
6.90
-7.73
-9.78
-16.56
0.43
9.78
-4.50
6.64
-13.13
-11.56
-7.99
-6.92
-4.66
-2.45
0.11
-14.03
-19.67
1.14
-13.85
-2.76
-3.68
7.66
-3.13
-7.11
0.59
-14.73
-21.38
-8.03
-8.09
-8.71
1.33
-6.431
estimate excludes Puerto Rico.
© 2011 Child Trends
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