INTE-GE 2804
Professor Hosay
Spring, 2016
246 Greene Street, 3rd Fl
212-998-5496
[email protected]
INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONS
There is no textbook for this course. All of the readings, most of which are reports and articles,
will be posted on NYU Classes. There is an extensive list of “suggested readings” for those who
wish to pursue a topic in greater depth, but these are not required.
COURSE SCHEDULE AND READINGS
1/27
International Educational and Cultural Exchange: Mutual Understanding,
Democracy Promotion, and Propaganda
Read: Ralph Vogel, "The Making of the Fulbright Program," The Annals of The
American Academy of Political and Social Science (May, 1987); Randall Bennett Woods,
“Fulbright Internationalism," The Annals of The American Academy of Political and
Social Science (May, 1987); Tamara Cofman Wittes, “Democracy Promotion in U.S.
Foreign Policy,” in Freedom's Unsteady March (Brookings Institution Press, 2008);
Thomas Carothers, “The Clinton Record on Democracy Promotion” in Critical Mission:
Essays on Democracy (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2004); Richard T.
Arndt and David Lee Rubin, The Fulbright Difference, 1948-1992 (Transaction
Publishers, 1992), pp. 1-25, 136-163.
Videos:
Examples of Government Propaganda:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loVqqfJgGh4
Nazi Propaganda: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHs2coAzLJ8;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4IWbRS6mLI;
American Anti-Nazi propaganda - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l14WDZCnz-w
Soviet Anti-American Propaganda - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jETJt_zbnKk
American Anti-Communist Propaganda - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaNTAUc3tk&feature=related;
Counterproductive Propaganda: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ExrVHPqvWA
INTE-GE 2804
Spring, 2016
2/3
Origins of Public Diplomacy
Read: Charles Frankel, The Neglected Aspect of Foreign Affairs: American Educational
and Cultural Policy Abroad (1953), pp. 67-110; Francis O. Wilcox, “Soviet Diplomacy:
A Challenge to Freedom,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, Vol. 324, (Jul., 1959), pp. 127-140; Nancy Snow, “International Exchanges and
the U.S. Image,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol.
616, (Mar., 2008), pp. 198-222; Nicholas J. Cull, “Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and
Histories,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 616,
(Mar., 2008), pp. 31-54.
Suggested Reading: Richard Arndt, The First Resort of Kings: American Cultural
Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century (2005), pp. 161-287; Frank A. Ninkovich, The
diplomacy of ideas: U.S. foreign policy and cultural relations, 1938-1950 (1981), pp.
139-167; William Glade, “Issues in the Genesis and Organization of Cultural Diplomacy:
A Brief Critical History,” The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society (Winter,
2009); Clayton D. Laurie “The OSS Morale Operations Branch in Action, 1943‐1945,” in
The Propaganda Warriors: America’s Crusade Against Nazi Germany (1996), pp. 192‐
209.
2/10
US Public Diplomacy: Two Faces of America
Read: Joseph S. Nye, “Public Diplomacy and Soft Power,” Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 616 (Mar., 2008), pp. 94-109; Kenneth A.
Osgood, “Hearts and Minds: The Unconventional Cold War,” Journal of Cold War
Studies, Vol. 4, no. 2, Spring 2002, 85-107; Kristin Lord, “Voices of America: U.S.
Public Diplomacy for the 21st Century,” (Brookings Institution, November, 2008).
Documentary: “Hearts and Minds” documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xC-PXLS4BQ4
Suggested Reading: Yale Richmond, “Practicing Public Diplomacy: A Cold War
Odyssey” in Explorations in Culture and International History (2008); Philip H.
Coombs, The Fourth Dimension of Foreign Policy (1964), pp. ix-xiii, 23-53, 139-167;
Alberto Fernandez, “’Contesting the Space’: Adversarial Online Engagement as a Tool
for Combating Violent Extremism,” Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal Vol. 98,
No. 4 (2015), pp. 488-500.
INTE-GE 2804
Spring, 2016
2/17
The Role of the U.S Government in International Educational and Cultural
Exchange
Guest Speaker: Arthur Zegelbone, Consultant to the U.S. Department of State, retired
Foreign Service Officer, former President of the Lotus Foundation and Director of ESL
Language Centers.
Read: US Department of State, “State and Other International Programs – FY 2015
Budget”; Giles Scott-Smith, “Maintaining Transatlantic Community: US Public
Diplomacy, the Ford Foundation, and the Successor Generation Concept in US Foreign
Affairs, 1960s-1980s,” Global Society 28(2014); Liping Bu, “Educational Exchange and
Cultural Diplomacy in the Cold War,” Journal of American Studies, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Dec.,
1999), pp. 393-415.
Suggested Reading: Congressional Research Services, U.S. Public Diplomacy:
Background and the 9/11 Commission Recommendations (2006); Robert E. Spiller,
“American Studies Abroad: Culture and Foreign Policy,” Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, (July, 1966), pp. 1-16; United States
Information Agency, "International Exchange and Training Activities of The U.S.
Government," USIA1993 Annual Report; Richard Gilbert, "How Much Should the Public
Know," Foreign Service Journal (May, 1990).
2/24
Government Sponsored Educational and Cultural Exchange
in Other Countries
Guest Speakers: Fabrice Jaumont, Education Attaché, French Embassy; Joann Halpern,
Director, German Center for Research and Innovation; Lihua Wang, Director of Graduate
Studies, Institute of Higher Education, Zhejiang University
Read: US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, “Another US Deficit - Public
Diplomacy in the Age of the Internet,” 2011; Yiwei Wang, “Public Diplomacy and the
Rise of Chinese Soft Power, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, Vol. 616, (Mar., 2008), pp. 257-273; Joseph Nye, “The 21st Century will not be
a Post-American World,” International Affairs Quarterly, March 2012; Helle C. Dale,
Ariel Cohen, and Janice A. Smit, “Challenging America: How Russia, China, and Other
Countries Use Public Diplomacy to Compete with the U.S.,” Backgrounder, Heritage
Foundation, June 21, 2012.
Suggested Reading: Philip M. Taylor, “Cultural Diplomacy and the British Council:
1934-1939,” British Journal of International Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Oct., 1978), pp. 244265; British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Engagement: Public Diplomacy in a
Globalized World, (2008); Evan H. Potter, Branding Canada: Projecting Canada's Soft
Power through Public Diplomacy (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009), chps. 1-3,5;;
J.F. Paradise, “China and International Harmony: The Role of Confucius Institutes in
Bolstering Beijing’s Soft Power, ”Asian Survey, (2009) 647-669.
INTE-GE 2804
Spring, 2016
3/2
The U.S. Military and Counterinsurgency: Winning Hearts and Minds
Read: Sean Duggan, “Redefining the Relationship: Reclaiming American Public
Diplomacy from the US Military in Iraq,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 66, No. 1 (Winter
2012), pp. 53-78; Andrew Flibbert, “The Consequences of Forced State Failure in Iraq,”
Political Science Quarterly (Spring 2013); Aaron B. O’Connell, “The Lessons and
Legacies of the War in Afghanistan,” in Beth Bailey and Richard H. Immerman, eds.,
Understanding the U.S. Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (2015); Matthew Wallin, “Military
Public Diplomacy: How the Military Influences Foreign Audiences,” American Security
Project (February, 2015).
Suggested Reading: U.S. Inspector General in Iraq “Hard Lessons -The Iraq
Reconstruction Experience,” pp. 1-17, 29-33, 48-63, 138-147, 218-221, 369-386, 467476; U.S. Department of Army, Counterinsurgency (2006); David Fitzgerald, “Iraq and
the Rebirth of Counter-Insurgency,” Irish Studies in International Affairs, Vol. 21 (2010),
pp. 149-159; Gian P. Gentile, “Beneficial War: The Conceit of US Counterinsurgency,”
Harvard International Review, (Fall, 2011), pp. 12-16; Stephen Benedict Dyson, “What
Really Happened in Planning for Postwar Iraq?” Political Science Quarterly (Fall, 2013).
3/9
Internationalization of Higher Education
Guest Speakers: Ron Robin, Senior Vice Provost for Global Faculty Development, NYU
Read: IIE, Report on International Educational Exchange (2015); IIE, New Frontiers:
U.S. Students Pursuing Degrees Abroad (May 2013); Philip G. Altbach and Jane Knight,
“Internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities,” Journal of Studies
in International Education, (2007), 290-305; Roderick Floud, “The Bologna Process:
Transforming European Higher Education,” Change (Jul. - Aug., 2006), pp. 8-15;
Rasmus Bertelsen, “ The Effect of Public and Private Decisions on University
Governance on the Transnational Relations of American-Associated Universities in the
Middle East,” Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (June, 2012);
Elizabeth Redden, “Global Ambitions,” Inside Higher Education (March 11, 2013).
Suggested Reading: IIE, “Student Mobility and the Internationalization of Higher
Education: National Policies and Strategies from Six World Regions,” A Project Atlas
Report (2011); W. I. Brustein, “The global campus: Challenges and opportunities for
higher education in North America,” Journal of Studies in International Education,
(2007). 382-391; Ben Wildavsky, The Great Brain Race: How Global Universities are
Reshaping the World (Princeton University Press, 2010), Introduction and chps. 1 & 6;
Philip G. Altbach. “Is There a Future for Branch Campuses?” International Higher
Education 65(Fall 2011): 7-10; UNESCO, “Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking
an Academic Revolution,” 2009.
3/16
No Class – Spring Recess
INTE-GE 2804
Spring, 2016
3/23
Public-Private Partnerships in Educational Exchange
Guest Speakers: Clare Banks, Assistant Director, International Partnerships and IIE
Initiatives, Institute of International Education; Deirdre Sato, Dean of International
Education, Fashion Institute of Technology, CUNY
Read: Martha Minow, “Public and Private Partnerships: Accounting for the New
Religion,” Harvard Law Review (Mar., 2003), pp. 1229-1270; U.S. Department of State,
Private Sector Summit on Public Diplomacy: Models for Action (2007); IIE,
“International Students: Primary Sources of Funding 2014/2015”; Clair Groden,
“Thanks for Your Tuition, Now Go Home, Love, Uncle Sam” The New Republic, Dec. 2,
2014.
Suggested Reading: IIE, Expanding U.S. Study Abroad in the Arab World: Challenges
and Opportunities (2009); IIE, Expanding U.S. Study Abroad to India: A Guide to
Institutions (2011); Jane Knight, “Internationalization: Concepts, Complexities and
Challenges, in the International Handbook of Higher Education, Volume 18 (2006);
Veit Bachman, “Leading through Civilian Power or Creeping Inertia?” Foreign Policy
Journal May 22, 2012.
3/30
Academic Exchange and Intellectual Freedom
Guest Speakers: Liz Knauer, Visiting Assistant Professor, Pratt Institute; Robert Quinn,
Executive Director, Scholars at Risk Network
Read: Elinor G. Barber, "Research Access: Scholarship versus National Interest," The
Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science ( May, 1987); Jonathan
R. Cole, “Academic Freedom under Fire,” Daedalus (Spring, 2005); IIE, Rescuing
Scholars: Historical Perspectives, Contemporary Challenges Contemporary Challenges
(November 11–15, 2013); Marjorie Heins, “Rethinking Academic Boycotts Marjorie
Heins,” in AAUP, Journal of Academic Freedom, volume 4 (2013).
Suggested Readings: “The Dilemma of Cultural Propaganda: ‘Let It Be’," Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science (Nov., 1971), pp. 104-112; Richard
Gilbert, "How Much Should the Public Know," Foreign Service; Jane de Hart Mathews,
“Art and Politics in Cold War America,” The American Historical Review, (Oct., 1976),
pp. 762-787; Philip Altbach, “Academic Freedom: International Realities and
Challenges,” Higher Education Vol. 41 (2001), p. 205-219; Henry G. Jarecki and Daniela
Zane Kaisth, Scholar Rescue in the Modern World (IIE, 2009).
INTE-GE 2804
Spring, 2016
4/6
Information Technology and Cultural Exchange
Read: Rene Arcilla, “Modernising Media or Modernist Medium? The Struggle for
Liberal Learning in Our Information Age,” Journal of Philosophy of Education (2002),
457-465; Lina Khatib, William Dutton, Michael Thelwall,“Public Diplomacy 2.0: A
Case Study of the Digital Outreach Team,” The Middle East Journal, ( Summer 2012),
pp.453-472; Martha Bayles, “US International Broadcasting,” in Through a Screen
Darkly: Popular Culture, Public Diplomacy, and America's Image Abroad (2014), pp.
158-187; Adam Thierer, The Pursuit of Privacy in a World Where Information Control is
Failing,” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy (Spring 2013).
Suggested Reading: Glen Fisher, American Communication in A Global Society (1987),
pp.55-80; Wilson P. Dizard, Digital Diplomacy: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Information
Age (2001), chps. 1-3; Robert Faris and Bruce Etling,“Madison and the Smart Mob: The
Promise and Limitations of the Internet for Democracy,” The Fletcher Forum of World
Affairs (Summer 2008), pp. 65-85; Lauren Rhue, and Arun Sundararajan. “Digital
Access, Political Networks and the Diffusion of Democracy.” Social Networks (January
2014); ;Devon Haynie, “International Impact of MOOCs Still Up in the Air,”US News
and World Report, July 1, 2014;
4/13 Evaluating International Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs
Read: “Cultural Diplomacy, Does it Work?” Report for the Ditchley Foundation, March,
2012; Robert Banks, A Resource Guide to Public Diplomacy Evaluation (November
2011); Edward Comor and Hamilton Bean, “America’s ‘engagement’ delusion:
Critiquing a public diplomacy consensus,” International Communication Gazette (April
2012), pp. 203-220; Carol Atkinson, “Does Soft Power Matter? A Comparative Analysis
of Student Exchange Programs 1980–2006,” Foreign Policy Analysis
(January 2010), pp. 1-22.
Suggested Readings: Wayne Nelles, “American Public Diplomacy as Pseudo-Education:
A Problematic National Security and Counter-Terrorism Instrument,” International
Politics (2004), pp. 65–93; Shafeeq Ghabra and Margreet Arnold, “Studying the
American Way: An Assessment of American-Style Higher Education in Arab Countries.”
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Focus #71 (June 2007);
Natalia Tsvetkova, “International Education during the Cold War: Soviet Social
Transformation and American Social Reproduction,” Comparative Education Review
(2008); Philip Seib, ed., Toward a New Public Diplomacy: Redirecting U.S. Foreign
Policy (2009). Chps. 4, 7-9; Darla Deardoff, “Outcomes Assessment in International
Education” International Higher Education (Spring 2014).
INTE-GE 2804
Spring, 2016
4/20
Presentation of Grant Proposal
4/27
Presentation of Grant Proposal
5/4
Presentation of Grant Proposal
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Grant Proposal
You will be divided into groups of 3-4 students, each of which will prepare a full grant proposal,
including the project narrative, detailed program activities, a line item budget, and an on-going
plan for program evaluation. The grants will be selected from open “Request for Grant
Proposals” for international educational and exchange projects sponsored by the U.S.
Department of State. The complete proposals will be due no later than April 13 when they will
be posted on NYU Classes. To provide you with some guidance in this process, a few grant
proposals that have been successfully funded will be made available to the class.
All of the grants involve international educational and cultural exchanges. Among the “Request
for Grant Proposal” from which you will be able to choose are those listed on the following
website: http://eca.state.gov/organizational-funding/open-grant-solicitations. The list of grant
possibilities will be updated when the first class meets on January 27.
Each group will make a brief oral presentation of their grant proposal, and respond to questions
from their classmates about the quality of the proposal, on one of the following dates; 4/20, 4/27,
5/4.
Evaluation of Grants
Each student will be required to undertake an extensive written evaluation of one of the grant
proposals, other than her/his proposal. The evaluation should take into account some of the
following criteria: originality of the program plan; whether the staffing and institutional
resources are sufficient to achieve the objectives of the program; the extent to which the program
will foster mutual understanding; a commitment to promote the concepts of diversity and
democracy in the program design and implementation; an evaluation of the extent to which the
program will contribute to the participants’ knowledge and understanding of U.S. society,
politics and culture; whether program activities provide a broad spectrum of opinions and views
about the U.S.; an explanation of how the program will serve the professional goals of the
participants; whether the program activities (including lectures, panel discussions, field trips,
tours, cultural events, readings, etc.) fit into a coherent central theme; and a plan to evaluate the
strengths and weaknesses of the program. The written evaluations will be due on May 10.
INTE-GE 2804
Spring, 2016
GRADING
There will not be a mid-semester nor a final examination for this course. Your grade will be
determined on the following basis.
CLASS PARTICIPATION (25%): You will be expected to do all of the readings, and take part
in class discussions.
GRANT PROPOSAL (50%): You will prepare a complete grant proposal, as part of a group of
3-4 students, for a project sponsored by the U.S. Department of State. You will receive two
grades for this project, one for the proposal as a whole, and another for your particular
contribution to the proposal.
PROPOSAL EVALUATION (25%): You will prepare a written evaluation of one of the grant
proposals other than your own.