ANALYSING CORRUPTION ACROSS THE
GENERATIONS: CHALLENGES, DEVELOPMENTS
AND LESSONS LEARNT
Finn Heinrich, Research Director
Transparency International
University of Sussex, Center for the Study of Corruption
September 5, 2012
OVERVIEW
1. Introducing Three Generations of Applied
Corruption Research
2. What’s the new Generation about?
3. Thoughts on the Future Research Agenda
3 GENERATIONS OF CORRUPTION RESEARCH
1st Generation
Scope
Global Macro-Indices of corruption
Data source
Expert views/ perceptions
Method
Statistical aggregation of secondary data
Purpose
Awareness-Raising
Examples
CPI, World Bank Governance Indicators
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (CPI)
3 GENERATIONS OF CORRUPTION RESEARCH
1st Generation
2nd Generation
Scope
Global Macro-Indices of
corruption
Mid-N country comparisons
of major aspects of
corruption
Data source
Expert views/
perceptions
Experience surveys or
policy documents
Method
Statistical aggregation of
secondary data
Public opinion surveys /
policy analysis
Purpose
Awareness-Raising
Benchmarking & Comparing
Examples
CPI, World Bank
Governance Indicators
Global Integrity Report,
Open Budget Index, Global
Corruption Barometer
PERCEPTIONS – EXPERIENCES - SAFEGUARDS
3 GENERATIONS OF CORRUPTION RESEARCH
1st Generation
2nd Generation
3rd Generation
Scope
Global MacroIndices of corruption
Mid-N country
comparisons of major
aspects of corruption
Country specific
analysis of
specific corruption
risks
Data
source
Expert views/
perceptions
Experience surveys or
policy documents
Various
Method
Statistical
aggregation of
secondary data
Public opinion surveys
/ policy analysis
Multi-method
Purpose
Awareness-Raising
Benchmarking &
Comparing
Policy
recommendations
Examples
CPI, World Bank
Governance
Indicators
Global Integrity Report, www.gateway.tran
Open Budget Index,
sparency.org
Global Corruption
Barometer
3 GENERATIONS OF CORRUPTION RESEARCH
ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL
LOOKING AT REMEDIES
RATHER THAN SYMPTOMS…
400
350
300
Anti-Corruption In Practice
Anti-Corruption In Law
250
No of
Tools
200
150
100
50
0
Corruption Perceptions
Corruption Experience
FOCUSSING ON MAJOR
CORRUPTION RISK AREAS
NOT GOING BEYOND THE OBVIOUS
UNPACKING 3rd GENERATION TOOLS
•
•
•
•
•
Country Ownership
Participatory Approaches
Process focus (actors, transactions, dynamics)
Triangulation of data
Evidence-based advocacy interventions
=> High relevance for anti-corruption community
WHERE IS CORRUPTION RESEARCH HEADING?
Donor
Centrally-driven
Governance
CPI
Global Corruption
Assessment
Barometer
tools
World Bank
Bribe Payers
Transparency in
Governance Indicators
Index
Corporate
Reporting Global Integrity Index
AwarenessPolicy
Raising
National Integrity
System
Assessments
CRINIS
Locally-driven
TI Indonesia CPI
THOUGHTS ON A FUTURE AGENDA
• Synthesis: What can we learn from looking
across the various context-specific 3rd
Generation assessments?
• Solutions: What works in the fight against
corruption?
• Sanctions: What can we use the data on
corruption cases/prosecutions for?
• Scandals: How to measure grand / political
corruption?
For more information about Transparency
International, please visit:
www.transparency.org