Welcome to the Sexual Violence
Prevention Network
Quarterly Meeting
MN Student Survey 2013:
Trauma and the Impact on Health Behaviors
Presenter: Danette Buskovick, from the Department of Public Safety
Thursday, November 6th, 2014
Please mute your cell phones.
Thank you!
MINNESOTA STUDENT SURVEY
2013
Funded by the Bureau
of Justice Statistics
2013-BJ – CX – K003
Trauma and the Impact on Health Behaviors
1
What is Trauma?


When children experience events or situations that
overwhelm their ability to cope
A traumatic experience threatens someone’s life,
safety or well-being and results in intense feelings
of:
 Fear
 Terror
 Helplessness
 Hopelessness
Why Does Trauma Affect
Behavior?
ACES can
affect longterm health,
self-concept,
future
orientation
and
economic
achievement



Toxic stress interrupts normal brain and
nervous system development
Tendency to internalize or externalize
stress reactions, which can result in
depression, anxiety or anger
Complex trauma impairs children’s
ability to:
 identify,
express and manage emotions
 Self-regulate
2
Adverse Childhood Experiences
(ACES) Research


Studies of adults about traumatic childhood
experiences
MN ACES study – 2011 BRFS of adults
9
types of adverse childhood experiences and affect
on adult health
 Study available:
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/chs/brfss/ACE_Exe
cutiveSummary.pdf
. . .Or Simply Google – MN 2011 ACES Study
History & Background of MSS




Triennial survey of students since 1989
Population-based survey for students in grades 5, 8,
9, 11 and in non-traditional learning settings (change
from past administrations)
Gathers information from students in mainstream
schools, juvenile correctional facilities and alternative
learning centers
This year the survey was offered to students either on
paper or on-line
3
Participation in the 2013 MSS


In 2013, 280 out of 334 public school districts
participated statewide (84%)
Statewide numbers of MSS participants and participation
rates
5th grade:
8th grade:
9th grade:
11th grade:
# students (% of enrolled)
39,854 (66%)
42,841 (71%)
42,381 (69%)
36,958 (62%)
Participation in the 2013 MSS

Non-Traditional Learning Settings: Statewide
numbers of MSS participants in grades 7-12
# students
Alternative Schools/
Area Learning Centers:
1,987
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities:
389
4
Participation in the 2013 MSS

Reasons for student non-participation within
participating districts
 Voluntary
survey – student chose not to participate
 Parents didn’t allow
 Student was out of school on that day or at that time
 Drop out
Participation in the 2013 MSS

Reasons for non-participation of districts in 2013
 Staff
turnover: no specific person to take the lead in
getting the district registered for the survey
 Staff turnover: new staff unfamiliar with the survey and
its value
 Districts conducting their own surveys
 One district’s concern that the survey could not
accommodate non-English speakers or students with
disabilities
5
MSS Data Tables

MSS tables may be found at:
www.education.state.mn.us/MDE/StuSuc/SafeSch/MNStudentSurvey
www.health.state.mn.us/divs/chs/mss
 www.dhs.state.mn.us/mss
 www.dps.mn.gov/divisions/ojp



Tables are organized by subject area rather than by the
order that questions appeared in the survey
Availability of MSS Data





State and county level tables are on the web and
are available to anyone
Unlike years past, district level tables are also now
on the web and available to anyone
Additional data runs available but not on an
unlimited basis
MSS data sets available to agencies and
researchers for their own analyses
Data use agreement must be put in place before
data sets are provided
6
Trauma Score – 7 ACES Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Parents or guardians in jail or prison
Alcohol abuse by someone you live with
Drug abuse by someone you live with
Parental verbal abuse of child
Physical abuse by a parent
Witnessing domestic violence
Non-familial/familial sexual abuse
Trauma Score – 2 Additional
Questions

Have you ever had a boyfriend or girlfriend in a
dating or serious relationship who….
 Hit,
slapped or physically hurt you on purpose?
 Pressured you into having sex when you didn’t want to?
7
Trauma Score
Percent of students with given trauma score:
Regular schools, grades 9 & 11
70.0
60.0
60.7
Percent
50.0
40.0
30.0
18.6
20.0
9.5
10.0
5.2
0.0
0
1
2
3
3.0
1.6
0.9
4
5
6
Trauma score
0.3
0.2
0.1
7
8
9
8
Percent of students with given trauma score:
JCFs & ALCs
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
27.9
30.0
24.4
20.0 17.5
24.0
16.0
14.6
18.2
10.0
12.1
10.1 8.7 7.5
5.1 5.2
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
Regular schools, grades 9 and 11
5
3.0 1.9 2.3
0.3 0.7 0.3 0.2
6
7
8
9
Alternative Learning Centers
Distribution of trauma scores, by type of school
70
60
None
One
2 to 4
5 or more
61
50
Percent
43
40
37
28
30
20
24
24
19 18
18
15
11
10
3
0
Regular, grades 9 & 11
Alternative
Correctional
9
Percent with 2+ kinds of trauma
Percent with 2+ kinds of trauma, by type of school:
70
58.2
60
48.1
50
40
30
17.1
20
10
0
Regular, Grades 9 &11
Alternative Learning
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Juvenile Correctional Facilities Selections by Trauma Type
100%
90%
85%
80%
70%
60%
75%
67%
63%
56%
53%
47%
50%
44%
40%
30%
35%
24%
21%
20%
35%
31%
30%
20%
10%
63%
20%
19%
14%
8%
8%
2%
8%
4%
6%
4%
4%
0%
Have/Had a Live With
Live With
Parent in
Someone
Someone
Jail/Prison Who Drinks Who Uses/
Too Much Abuses Drugs
Victim of
Verbal or
Emotional
Abuse
Live w/Adult Live w/Adults Victim of
Who
Who
Sexual Abuse
Physically
Physically
Hurts You
Hurt Each
Other
Victim of
Physical
Dating
Violence
Victim of
Sexual
Dating
Coercion
10
Demographics
Percent with given trauma score
Trauma score, by gender:
Regular schools, grades 9 & 11
70.0
64.3
57.2
60.0
50.0
None
One
2 to 4
5 or more
40.0
30.0
20.0
18.7
18.6 20.2
15.0
10.0
4.0
2.1
0.0
Male
Female
11
Trauma score, by gender: JCFs & ALCs
None
One
2-4
5 or more
60.0
52.9
50.0
42.0
39.0
40.0
34.5
32.0
30.0
27.4
27.0
22.4
21.1
20.0
20.720.7
16.6
16.5
12.6
10.0
8.2
6.5
0.0
Male
Female
Male
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
100.0
Female
Alternative Learning Centers
Percent with two+ kinds of trauma, by sexual
orientation: Regular schools & ALCs
Percent with 2+ kinds of trauma
90.0
80.0
70.9
70.0
60.0
50.0
66.0
55.4
49.0
44.0
43.5
40.0
29.6
30.0
20.0
19.1
10.0
0.0
Heterosexual
Bisexual
Lesbian or gay
Not sure
Alternative Learning Centers
Regular Schools
12
Percent with two or more kinds of trauma, by raceethnic group and type of school
Percent with 2+ kinds of trauma
70
65.8
61.0
61.7 62.5
60
54.0
50
43.8
40.3
40
38.4
33.7
30
50.9
30.3
22.6
19.5
20
10
0
Regular Schools, grades Alternative Learning
9 & 11
Centers
American Indian
Asian
Black
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Hispanic
White
Trauma score, by household income: Regular
schools, grades 9 & 11
80.0
66.9
Percent with given trauma score
70.0
None
One
2 to 4
5 or more
60.0
50.0
42.1
40.0
30.0
23.5
28.0
17.0
20.0
6.4
10.0
14.1
2.0
0.0
Low income
Middle-upper income
13
Trauma score, by skipping meals: Regular schools,
grades 9 & 11
Percent with given trauma score
70.0
62.5
60.0
50.0
40.1
40.0
30.0
None
One
2 to 4
5 or more
23.1
18.6
20.0
18.6
18.2
16.5
10.0
2.3
0.0
Yes
No
Had to skip meals in past 30 days?
70.0
Trauma score, by homelessness: Regular schools,
grades 9 & 11
Percent with given trauma score
62.4
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
None
One
2 to 4
5 or more
34.9
28.9
18.7
17.5
18.6 16.7
10.0
2.3
0.0
Homeless
Not homeless
Was homeless at some time in last 12 months?
14
Impacts of Trauma on Health &
Behavior
General Health
100%
Percent reporting health as good, fair or poor, by
trauma score
80%
64.5% 65.6%
57.1%
49.5%
60.3%
60%
47.8%
40%
38.2%
65.2%
51.3%
43.5%
32.0%
25.5%
20%
0%
Regular Schools
Alternative Learning
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma score
0
1
2-4
5-9
15
50%
Percent ever been told by doctor or nurse that they
have asthma, by type of school
40%
36%
30%
30%
20%
29%
23%
21%
18%
15%
25%
26%
22%
23%
17%
10%
0%
Regular schools, grades
9 & 11
Alternative Learning
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma Score
0
1
2-4
5-9
Percent overweight or obese, by type of school
50%
44%
40%
32%
30%
39%40%
38%
31%
33%
27%
25%
25%
23%
20%
20%
10%
0%
Regular schools, grades
9 & 11
Alternative Learning
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma Score
0
1
2-4
5-9
16
Impacts of Trauma on Health &
Behavior
Mental Health
100%
Percent having significant problems with anxiety, by
type of school
89%
79%
80%
72%
62%
61%
60%
54%
45%
40%
38%
45%
35%
33%
22%
20%
0%
Regular schools, grades Alternative Learning
9 & 11
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma Score
0
1
2-4
5-9
17
100%
Percent who cut or hurt themselves on purpose, by
type of school
80%
57%
60%
40%
35%
31%
32%
18%
13%
17%
20%
61%
56%
18%
21%
7%
0%
Regular schools, grades Alternative Learning
9 & 11
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma Score
0
50%
1
2-4
5-9
Percent who attempted suicide in past year, by type
of school
40%
30%
24%
26%
23%
20%
14%
9%
10%
1%
3%
3%
14%
8%
5%
2%
0%
Regular schools, grades
9 & 11
Alternative Learning
Centeres
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma Score
0
1
2-4
5-9
18
Do You Have a Long-Term Mental, Emotional or Behavioral
Health Problem Lasting 6 Months or More? (JCF)
100%
90%
80%
47%
70%
60%
63%
56%
74%
50%
40%
30%
53%
20%
10%
38%
44%
26%
0%
No Trauma Indicators
1 Trauma Indicator
Yes
2-3 Trauma Indicators
4-7 Trauma Indicators
No
Have You Ever Been Treated for a Mental Health,
Emotional or Behavioral Problem: % Yes (JCF)
100%
90%
80%
74%
70%
60%
56%
50%
40%
46%
32%
30%
20%
10%
0%
No Trauma Indicators
1 Trauma Indicator
2-3 Trauma Indicators
4-7 Trauma Indicators
19
Impacts of Trauma on Health &
Behavior
Chemical Health
Percent who smoked cigarettes in past 30 days, by
trauma score: Regular schools, grades 9 & 11
50%
43.9%
40%
30%
20.6%
20%
11.3%
10%
4.2%
0%
0
1
2-4
5-9
Trauma score
20
Percent binge drinking in past 30 days, by trauma
score: Regular schools, grades 9 & 11
50%
40.0%
40%
30%
20.1%
20%
12.6%
10%
6.6%
0%
0
1
2-4
5-9
Trauma score
100%
Percent who had first drink before age 13, by type of
school
80%
69%
60%
53%
46%
45%
39%
40%
28%
26%
17%
20%
38%
23%
19%
8%
0%
Regular schools, grades
9 & 11
Alternative Learning
Centers
Trauma Score
0
1
2-4
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
5-9
21
100%
Percent who first used marijuana before age 13, by
trauma score
90%
80%
72.4%
69.1%
63.5%
70%
60%
50.2%
46.0%
36.7%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
24.2%
51.0%
23.7%
9.2%
4.6%
1.1%
Regular Schools, grades 9
& 11
Alternative Learning
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma score
0
1
2-4
5-9
Have You Ever Been Treated for an
Alcohol or Drug Problem: % Yes (JCF)
100%
90%
80%
70%
57%
60%
50%
48%
48%
1 Trauma Indicator
2-3 Trauma Indicators
42%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
No Trauma Indicators
4-7 Trauma Indicators
22
Consequences of Drug and Alcohol Use
In the Past 12 Months: Percent "Yes“ (JCF)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
63%
59%
52%54%
41%
38%
38%
32%
30%
30%
20%
54%54%
49%
50%
40%
62%
25%
20%
16%
10%
0%
Used So Much Could Not
Remember What they Said/Did
Spent All/Most of the Day
Getting Over Effects
No Trauma Indicators
1 Trauma Indicator
Use Left Them Feeling
Agiatated, Depressed, Paranoid
or Unable to Concerntrate
2-3 Trauma Indicators
Missed Work or
School/Negelected Major
Responsibilites
4-7 Trauma Indicators
Public Safety Consequences of Chemical Use
in the Past 12 Months: Percent "Yes" (JCF)
100%
90%
80%
68%
70%
60%
53%
50%
44%
48%
46%
38%
40%
30%
30%
42%
43%
33%
30%
20%
9%
10%
0%
Driven a Motor Vehicle After Using
No Trauma Indicators
Hit Someone or Become Violent While
Using
1 Trauma Indicator
Use Caused You Problems With the Law
2-3 Trauma Indicators
4-7 Trauma Indicators
23
Impacts of Trauma on Health &
Behavior
Sexual Behavior
100%
Percent who have ever had sexual intercourse, by type
of school
88%
82%
74%
80%
68%
91%
84%
80% 80%
63%
60%
45%
40%
20%
32%
16%
0%
Regular Schools, grades
9 & 11
Alternative Learning
Centers
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
Trauma Score
0
1
2-4
5-9
24
Percent who used alcohol or drugs before last sexual
intercourse, by trauma score
66.7%
70%
57.9%
60%
50%
37.6%
31.9%
25.7%
40%
32.1%
30%
20%
21.2%
15.8%
12.7%
40.4%
27.0%
17.9%
10%
0%
Regular Schools, grades 9
& 11
Alternative Learning
Centers
Trauma score
0
1
2-4
Juvenile Correctional
Facilities
5-9
Talked at least once with every partner about protection from
STIs/HIV/AIDS
60%
57%
52%
50%
48%
41%
41%
40%
35%
37%
30%
23%
20%
10%
0%
Alternative Learning Centers
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
0
1
2-4
5-9
25
Talked at least once with every partner about preventing pregnancy
80%
70%
67%
60%
53%
55%
50%
44%
39%
40%
35%
36%
30%
22%
20%
10%
0%
Alternative Learning Centers
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
0
1
2-4
5-9
Been Pregnant or Gotten Someone Pregnant At Least Once
50%
46%
45%
40%
40%
35%
32%
29%
30%
26%
25%
20%
20%
16%
15%
12%
10%
5%
0%
Alternative Learning Centers
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
0
1
2-4
5-9
26
Used a condom the LAST time they had sexual intercourse
70%
60%
59%
53%
52%
50%
42%
40%
36%
36%
36%
30%
24%
20%
10%
0%
Alternative Learning Centers
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
0
1
2-4
5-9
Males with 3 or more sex partners in past 12 months
70%
62%
60%
62%
60%
54%
48%
50%
37%
40%
29%
30%
20%
20%
11%
10%
4% 4%
8%
6%
3% 4%
4%
0%
3 or more Males
3 or more Females
3 or more Males
Alternative Learning Centers
3 or more Females
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
0
1
2-4
5-9
27
Females with 3 or more sex partners in past 12 months
60%
50%
50%
36%37%
40%
29%
30%
20%
20%
17%
17%
15%
11%
8%
7%
10%
0% 1%
0%
3 or more Males
3%
0%
3 or more Females
3 or more Males
Alternative Learning Centers
0
0%
3 or more Females
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
1
2-4
5-9
Impacts of Trauma on Health &
Behavior
Risk Factors – Correctional Youth
28
Whether Youth Feel Safe In Their Home
100%
1%
3%
2%
90%
31%
80%
2%
5%
7%
16%
27%
34%
70%
60%
46%
50%
40%
69%
67%
30%
59%
20%
31%
10%
0%
No Trauma Indicators
1 Trauma Indicator
Strongly agree
Agree
2-3 Trauma Indicators
Disagree
4-7 Trauma Indicators
Strongly disagree
How Often Youth Have Run Away From Home in the Past 12 Months
Juvenile Correctional Facilities
100%
94%
90%
80%
77%
70%
60%
58%
47%
50%
40%
28%
26%
30%
20%
15%
10%
4%
7% 9%
2%
0%
Never
Once or Twice
No Trauma Indicators
1 Trauma Indicator
15%
12%
3 to 5 Times
2-3 Trauma Indicators
0% 1%
5%
6 or More Times
4-7 Trauma Indicators
29
In the Past 12 Months, Have You Stayed in a Shelter, Somewhere Not
Intended as a Place to Live, or Someone Else's Home Because You Had
No Other Place to Stay?: Percent "Yes"
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
29%
30%
16%
20%
10%
4%
1%
7%
5%
8%
12%
0%
No Trauma Indicators
1 Trauma Indicator
With Parent(s) or an Adult Family Member
2-3 Trauma Indicators
4-7 Trauma Indicators
On My Own Without Any Adult Family Members
Impacts of Trauma on Health &
Behavior
Protective Factors – Mainstream Youth
30
Percent who feel teachers and other adults at school
care about them, by trauma score: Regular schools,
grades 9 & 11
60.0%
50.0%
50.8%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.5%
17.6%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
0
1
2-4
5-9
Trauma score
Percent who considered suicide in past year, by
trauma score and perception that adults at school care
about them
48%
50%
45%
40%
35%
28%
30%
32%
25%
20%
15%
15%
5%
0%
18%
7%
10%
8%
3%
0
1
2-4
5-9
Trauma score
Very much or quite a bit
Some, a little or not at all
31
Percent who feel adults in the community care about
them, by trauma score:
Regular schools, grades 9 & 11
50.0%
43.9%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
28.1%
30.0%
25.0%
19.5%
20.0%
13.7%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
0
1
2-4
5-9
Trauma score
Percent who considered suicide in past year, by trauma
score and perception that adults in the community care
about them
48%
50%
45%
40%
35%
28%
30%
25%
26%
20%
14%
15%
5%
0%
16%
7%
10%
8%
2%
0
1
2-4
5-9
Trauma score
Very much or quite a bit
Some, a little or not at all
32
Implications Discussion



What implications do these findings have on sexual
violence prevention
How do we prevent childhood trauma?
What implications do these findings have for youth
who are struggling in school or in the juvenile justice
system?
Thank You!
Pete Rode
Danette Buskovick


Dept. of Health
Dept. of Public Safety
[email protected]
651-201-5942
[email protected]
651-201-7309
33