Etiologies of 2008 Outbreaks
62 total
Food Safety Partnership:
Epidemiology Update
February 18, 2009
Pathogen
Norovirus
Salmonella
Suspected toxin
Suspected norovirus
Campylobacter
Clostridium perfringens
Karen Everstine
[email protected]
No. (%)
40 (65%)
9 (15%)
6 (10%)
4 (6%)
2 (3%)
1 (2%)
Noro + suspected noro = 71% of 2008 outbreaks
*Data are preliminary
2008 Outbreaks (62 total)
Settings
Setting
Restaurant
Contaminated Product
Private Event
School
Raw milk
Cruise
Church
Norovirus Season!
No. (%)
42 (68%)
7 (11%)
6 (10%)
3 (5%)
2 (3%)
1 (2%)
1 (2%)
*Data are preliminary
Gastroenteritis Cases Associated with a Restaurant,
by Illness Onset Date
Patron
Meal date
Managers may not know if
their employees have been ill.
Number of Cases
Restaurant employee
4
(Employee case def 3)
3
2
1
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
January/February
Onset Date
1
Some food managers do not
know what norovirus is.
Recent norovirus study
Recent norovirus study
• 16 volunteers were infected with
norovirus
• 11 developed clinical gastroenteritis
• Virus shedding was first detected by
PCR 18 hours after inoculation and
lasted a median of 28 days (range,
13 – 56 days)
• Virus was detected in fecal samples
of 7 of the participants 3-14 hours
BEFORE onset of symptoms
• Peak virus titers were most often
found in samples collected AFTER
resolution of symptoms
“Norwalk Virus Shedding after Experimental Human Infection”
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 14, No. 10 (October 2008)
“Norwalk Virus Shedding after Experimental Human Infection”
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 14, No. 10 (October 2008)
Proposed changes to the
complaint form
Proposed changes to the
complaint form
•
•
•
•
•
Phone numbers
Suspected establishment moved up
Separate page for retail product
Formatting of illness history section
Food history (“location”, “other”, dates
were unclear)
• “Complainant expectations”
2
Notable quotes from recent interviews by
Team D students…
“Do you have any pets?”
“Well…2 dogs…and 22 cats”
“Were any of the animals ill?”
“Yes, actually. Approximately 8 cats were ill.”
“Did you have any diarrhea?”
“I had a complete oil and transmission change. I was totally
cleaned out.”
“I had the back door trots…”
“It was like a glop of oil that sank to the bottom of the
bowl…like a lava lamp…it held together in a jello-y mass and it
was black in color…was that too much information?”
3