Update on 2009 Outbreak Numbers
• 19 confirmed outbreaks
Foodborne
Fear Factor
& other random stuff
– 12 norovirus (+1 suspected norovirus)
– 1 Campylobacter
– 1 E. coli O157:H7
– 4 Salmonella
• 9 probable outbreaks
Karen Everstine
FSP Meeting
June 10, 2009
Taenia solium
(pork tapeworm)
Taenia solium
Scolex
• Latin for “ribbon throne”
• Scolex attaches to the
inside of small intestine
• Proglottids contain both
male and female
reproductive organs
Proglottids
Picture: http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/geske_rich/classification.htm
Taenia solium - Taeniasis
• Pigs are the intermediate host
• Pigs ingest the eggs (or pregnant
proglottids)
• Oncospheres hatch and travel through
circulatory system
Picture: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Feeding_the_pigs_5.JPG
Picture: http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/geske_rich/classification.htm
Taenia solium - Taeniasis
• Oncospheres lodge in muscle cells and
develop into cysticerci
• Humans ingest cysticerci which mature
into tapeworms
Picture: http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/geske_rich/lifecycle.htm
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Taenia solium - Taeniasis
• Human infection with T. solium in the
small intestine is called taeniasis
• Often asymptomatic
• Proglottids/eggs shed in the feces
• Treated with antihelminthic drug
Taenia solium - Cysticercosis
X X
X
• Humans become directly infected with
eggs and gravid (pregnant) proglottids
• Oncospheres hatch and move into the
circulatory system
• Oncospheres penetrate
cells in multiple human
organs
Picture: http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/geske_rich/lifecycle.htm
Taenia solium - Cysticercosis
Taenia solium – Oregon study
• Neurocysticercosis – infection of the
central nervous system with the larval
form of T. solium
• Oregon reviewed cases from 1995-2000
• Prompted by the unexplained death of
a 17 year-old girl
Pictures: http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/geske_rich/cysticercosis.htm
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/EID/vol10no3/03-0542.htm#Figure1
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Taenia solium – Oregon study
• Oregon Hospital Discharge database
searched for all patients discharged
with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis
• 89 hospital discharges (among 18
hospitals in 10 counties)
• 10/57 cases born in the U.S.
• 5/10 had never traveled outside of the
U.S.
“Pine Mouth”
References
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/geske_rich/index.html
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1168656-overview
http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/EID/vol10no3/pdfs/03-0542.pdf
http://media2.foxnews.com/112008/worm_tumor_700.wmv ***
http://www.aafp.org/afp//AFPprinter/20070701/91.html
***warning: only recommended for people with strong stomachs!
Taste disturbances
• “Serious” taste disturbances develop
1-3 days after consumption
• Last for days (or weeks!)
• Food/drinks taste unpleasant
• Bitter, metallic taste
• No known health concerns
What are pine nuts?
Taste disturbances
• First documented in a journal article in
2001 (case report from Belgium)
• No problems with pesticide residues or
heavy metals found
• Implicated pine nuts were imported
from China
• Species was not identified
Asian pine nuts
European/Middle
Eastern pine nuts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_nut
Journal citation:
http://journals.lww.com/euro-emergencymed/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2001&issue=03000&article=00036&type=fulltext
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Questions?
Karen’s contact info:
[email protected]
651-201-5746
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