Matakuliah
Tahun
: G1042/Pragmatics
: 2006
Principles of Politeness
Pertemuan 10
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Learning Outcomes
• Mahasiswa dapat memberikan contoh
tentang negative and positive politeness
dalam kehicupan sehari hari (C2)
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Materi outline
• Say something off and on the record
• Positive and negative politeness
• Strategies
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10.1 Say something off and on the record
• Off the record
– The hearer acts as if the statements have not been
heard
• On the record
– We can directly address others
• Bald on record
• The most direct approach is the use of
imperative forms
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10.2 Positive and negative politeness
• A positive politeness strategy leads the
requester to appeal to a common goal, and even
friendship, via expressions.
• Negative politeness strategy lease to a face
threatening act.
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10.3 Strategies (1)
• Solidarity strategy
– Positive politeness forms emphasizing closeness
between speaker and hearer.
• Linguistically this strategy will include personal
information, use of nicknames, shared dialects.
• The terms used – we, let’s
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10.3 Strategies (2)
• Deference strategy
– The use of negative politeness forms emphasizing the
hearer’s right to freedom
• This involves – ‘formal politeness’
• It is impersonal,
• Includes expressions that refer to neither the
speaker nor the hearer.
• The language emphasizes the speaker’s and
hearer’s independence
• There is no personal claim
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Conclusion
• In making a conversation, there are two
strategies to be used depending on the
situation i.e. solidarity strategy and
deference strategy.
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