Matakuliah
Tahun
: G1042/Pragmatics
: 2006
Conversation analysis
Pertemuan 11
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Learning Outcomes
• Mahasiswa dapat menerapkan prinsip
prinsip dalam menganalisa suatu
percakapan (C3)
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Materi outline
•
•
•
•
Conversation analysis
Pauses, overlaps and back channels
Conversational style
Adjacency pairs
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11.1 Conversation analysis
Speakers having the conversation are supposed to
change turn smoothly because they are aware
of the local management system for taking those
turns at an appropriate TRP.
Local management system:
A set of conventions for getting turns, keeping them, or
giving them away.
TRP – A Transition Relevance Place
Any possible change – of – turn point.
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11.2 Pauses, overlaps and backchannels
• Pauses :
• Transitions with a long silence between turns
• Overlaps
• Both speakers trying to speak at the same time
• Backchannels
• Vocal indications to show that the listeners are
still listening such as uh uh, ow, mmm
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11.4 Conversational style
• Conversational style
– The style whether the conversation runs very smoothly without
any pauses, with quick reaction or on the other way around.
• High involvement style
– The speaking rate is relatively fast, with almost no pausing
between turns, and with some overlap or even completion of the
other’s turn
• High considerable style
– The speaker uses slower rate, expects longer pauses between
turns, do not overlap, avoid interruption or completion of other’s
turn
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11.5 Adjacency pairs
• Adjacency pairs
– Automatic patterns in the structure of conversation
• E.g.
• Anna : Hello
• Bill : Hi
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Conclusion
• To make the conversation run smoothly, there
are some aspects to be considered i.e.
•
•
•
•
Conversation analysis
Pauses, overlaps and back channels
Conversational style
Adjacency pairs
yule, 1992
8