Matakuliah : G0934 / Leadership and Organisation
Tahun
: 2007
The Nature Of Leadership
Pertemuan 2
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter students should be able to:
• Understand why leadership has been defined in so many ways.
• Understand the controversy about differences between leadership and
management.
• Understand how leadership will be defined in this book.
• Understand why it is so difficult to asses leadership effectiveness.
• Understand the different indicators used to asses leadership
effectiveness.
• Understand what aspects of leadership have been studied the most during
the past 50 years.
• Understand how leadership can be described as an individual, dyadic,
group, or organizational process.
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Outline Materi
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Definitions of Leadership
Leadership Effectiveness
Overview of Major Research Approaches
Level of Conceptualization for Leadership
Other Bases for Comparing Leadership Theories
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The Nature of Leadership
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– Characteristics of the Follower
• Traits (motives, values, self-concept)
• Confidence and Optimism
• Skills and Expertise
• Attribution about the leader
• Trust in the Leader
• Task commitment and effort
• Satisfaction with leader and job
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– Characteristics of the situation
• Type of organizational unit
• Size of unit
• Position power and authority
• Task structure and complexity
• Task interdependence
• Environmental uncertainty
• External dependencies
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Causal Relationships Among the Primary Types of Leadership Variables
Leader traits
And skills
Leader
behaviour
Influence
processes
Follower
Attitudes and
behaviour
Performance
outcomes
Situational Variables
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5 Approaches
PowerInfluence
Approach
Behavior
Approach
Trait
Approach
Situational
Approach
Integrative
Approach
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Level of Conceptualization for Leadership
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Intra-individual Processes
Dyadic Processes
Group Processes
Organisational Processes
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Other bases for Comparing
Leadership Theories28
• Leader-Versus Follower-Centered Theory
• Descriptive Versus Prescriptive Theory
• Universal Versus Contigency Theory
See More...
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http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/theories/leadership_theories.htm
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Closing
• Summary
– Varied definitions of Leadership
– Evaluation and study of leadership effectiveness
– Level of analysis as another basis for classifying leadership
theory and research.
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• Review and Discussion Questions
• Supplementary Reading
– Barker, R., A. 2001. The Nature of Leadership. Human Relations.Vol 54
(4):469-493.
– FollowershipULP.pdf
• Companion Website : Exercises and Reading
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