Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: MPG09344-010 / Leadership and Organisation
: 2007
: versi/revisi 1
Pertemuan 16
Contingency Theories of Effective
Leadership
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Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter students should be able to:
• Understand why effective leadership depends on the situation.
• Understand how aspects of the situation enhance or diminish the
influence of a leader on follower performance.
• Understand what aspects of the situation are most relevant as
determinants of effective leadership.
• Understand how aspects of the situation can serve as a substitute
for the influence of formal leaders.
• Understand the primary contingency theories of effective leadership.
• Understand the conceptual weaknesses of each contingency theory.
• Understand the findings in empirical research on the theories and
the limitations of this research.
• Understand major findings about effective leadership behaviour in
different situations.
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Outline Materi
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LPC Contingency Model
The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Leadership Substitutes Theory
The Multiple-Linkage Model
Cognitive Resources Theory
General Evaluation of Contingency Theories
Application: Guidelines for Managers
Summary
Review and Discussion Questions
Cases
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Contingency Theories of Effective
Leadership
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• Long-term effects on group
performance
– Modifying the situation to make it
more favorable
• Evaluation of the multiplelinkage Model
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Cognitive Resources Theory
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Propositions
Research on cognitive resource theory
Limitations of the research
Conceptual weakness
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Social stress
for leader
Leader Intelligence
Decision Quality
Leader Experience
Primary causal relationships in the cognitive resource theory
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Applications: Guidelines for Managers
• Use more planning for a long, complex
task
• Consult more with people who have
relevant knowledge
• Provide more direction to people with
interdependent roles
• Provide direction and briefings when there
is a crisis
• Monitor a critical task or unreliable person
more closely
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• Provide more coaching to an
inexperienced subordinate
• Be more supportive to someone with a
very stressful task
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Closing
• Summary
– The LPC Contingency model deals with the
moderating influence of three situational
variables on the relationship between a leader
trait (LPC) and subordinate performance.
– The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
– Leadership substitutes theory
– The multiple-linkage model
– Cognitive resource theory
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• Review and Discussion Questions
• Cases
– Foreign Auto Shop: Part 1
– Foreign Auto Shop: Part 2
– Precision Plastics
• Companion Website : Exercises and
Reading
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