Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: MPG09344-010 / Leadership and Organisation
: 2005
: versi/revisi 0
Pertemuan 17
Charismatic and Transformational
Leadership
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Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter students should be able to:
• Understand how theories of charismatic and Transformational
leadership differ from earlier leadership theories.
• Understand similarities and differences among the major theories of
charismatic and transformational leadership.
• Understand why attributions of charisma are jointly determined by
the leader, the followers, and the situation.
• Understand what traits, behaviors, and influence processes are
involved in charismatic and transformational leadership.
• Understand why charismatic leadership can result in undesirable
consequences for followers and the organisation.
• Understand what research methods have been used to evaluate
theories of transformational and charismatic leadership.
• Understand the major findings in empirical research on the effects of
charismatic and transformational leadership.
• Understand what leaders can do to become more transformational.
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Outline Materi
• Two early theories
– Charisma
– Transforming Leadership
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Attribution Theory of Charismatic Leadership
Self-Concept Theory of Charismatic Leadership
Other Conceptions of Charisma
Consequences of Charismatic Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Research on the Theories
Transformational versus Charismatic Leadership
Evaluation of the Theories
Guidelines for Transformational Leadership
Summary
Review and Discussion Questions
Cases
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Charismatic and
Transformational Leadership
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Two early theories
Charisma
Transforming
Leadership
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Attribution theory of charismatic
leadership
• Leader traits and behaviors
• Influence processes
• Facilitating conditions
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Self-concept theory of Charismatic
Leadership
• Indicators of Charisma
• Key traits and behaviours
– Articulating an appealing vision
– Using strong, expressive forms of
communication when articulating the vision
– Taking personal risks and making selfsacrifices to attain the vision
– Communicating high expectations
– Expressing confidence in followers
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– Role modeling of behaviors consistent with
the vision
– Managing follower impressions of the leader
– Building identification with the group or
organization
– Empowering followers
– Influence processes
– Facilitating conditions
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Other conception of Charisma
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Psychodynamic Processes
Social Contagion and Charisma
Close and Distant Charisma
Routinization of Charisma
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Consequences of Charismatic
Leadership
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Positive and negative charismatics
The dark side of charisma
Effects of positive charismatics
Practical implications for organisations
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• Some negative consequences of
charismatic leaders
– Being in awe of the leader reduces good
suggestions by followers
– Desire for leader acceptance inhibits criticism
by followers
– Adoration by followers creates delusions of
infallibility
– Excessive confidence and optimism blind the
leader to real dangers
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– Denial of problems and failures reduces
organizational learning
– Risky, grandiose projects are more likely to fail
– Taking complete credit for successes alienates some
key followers
– Impulsive, nontraditional behavior creates enemies as
well as believers
– Dependence on the leader inhibits development of
competent successors
– Failure to develop successors creates an eventual
leadership ciris
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Transformational Leadership
• Leader transforms and motivates followers
by
– Making them more aware of the importance of
task outcomes
– Inducing them to transcend their own selfinterest for the sake of the organization or
team
– Activating their higher-order needs.
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