Matakuliah : G0934 / Leadership and Organisation
Tahun
: 2007
Perspective on Effective Leadership Behaviour
Pertemuan 5
OFC
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter students should be able to:
• Understand what research methods have been used to study leadership behaviour.
• Understand the findings in the early research on leadership behaviour.
• Understand how leadership behaviour can be described with either broad or specific
categories.
• Understand the different methods for developing taxonomies of leadership behaviour.
• Understand why task and relations behaviour are important for leadership
effectiveness.
• Understand how specific types of task and relations behaviour can be used effectively.
• Understand why it is useful to classify leadership behaviour in terms of a threedimensional model.
• Understand the contributions and limitations of the behaviour approach.
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Outline Materi
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The Ohio State Leadership Studies
The Michigan Leadership Studies
Limitation of Survey Research
Experiments on Task and Relations Behaviour
Research Using Critical Incidents
The High-High Leader
Leadership Behaviour Taxonomies
Specific Task Behaviour
Specific Relations Behaviours
Evaluation of the Behaviour Approach
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Perspective on Effective Leadership Behaviour
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The OHIO State Leadership Studies
• Leader Behavior Categories
– Consideration
– Initiating structure
• Behavior description Questionnaires
• Example of a survey study
• Results from the survey research
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The MICHIGAN Leadership Studies
• Effective Leadership Behaviour
Relation-oriented
behaviour
Task-oriented
behaviour
Participative leadership
Peer leadership
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7 Habits of Highly Effective People
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Theory by Stephen R. Covey
"Leadership is a choice, not a position."
Private Victory
1. Be proactive
2. Begin with the End in Mind
3. Put First Things First
Public Victory
1. Think Win / Win
2. Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
3. Synergize
Renewal
1. Sharpen the Saw
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7 Habits of Highly Effective People
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Limitations of survey research
• Biases in behaviour questionnaires
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Use of ambiguous items
Response bias
Stereotypes
Implicit theories
The way items are aggregated into scales
• Interpreting causality in survey studies
– There is often more than one plausible interpretation of causality, and more
than one form of causality may occur at the same time
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• Experiments on task and relations behaviour
– Experimental research in laboratory and field settings found that increases in
relation-oriented leadership behaviour usually resulted in higher subordinate
satisfaction and productivity.
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• Research using critical incidents
– Types of leader behaviour represented in most studies of leaders varieties;
• Planning, coordinating, and organizing operations
• Supervising subordinates (directing, instructing, monitoring
performance)
• Establishing and maintaining good relations with subordinates
• Establishing and maintaining good relations with superiors, peers, and
outsiders
• Assuming duties, and making necessary decisions
– Limitations of Critical Incident Research
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The High-High Leader
• Research on the high-high leader
– Task and relations behaviour tend to be correlated positively with
subordinate performance
• Evaluation of research on the model
• Reconciling universal and situational theories
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Leadership Behaviour Taxonomies
• Sources of Diversity among Taxonomies
• Limitations of factor-based taxonomies
• Example of a taxonomy with specific behaviour
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Planning and organizing
Problem solving
Clarifying roles and objectives
Informing
Monitoring
Motivating and inspiring
Consulting
Delegating
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Supporting
Developing and mentoring
Managing conflict and team building
Networking
Recognizing
Rewarding
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