Matakuliah : G0922/Introduction to Linguistics
Tahun
: 2008
Session 4
Phonetics : Vowel
Learning outcomes
Students are expected to be able to :
- Explain the aspects of vowel sounds
- Produce the vowel sounds according to their
components
- Describe the names of the vowels
Bina Nusantara University
2
Outline
• Vowels
• Aspects of vowels
• Vowel charts
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3
vowels
• Definition
Vowels are sounds produced without any obstructions in
the mouth or throat
• E.g. /a/,/i/,/u/,/e/,/o/
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4
Aspects of vowels
• Rounded or un rounded of the lips
– Rounded : /u/,/o/
– Un rounded : /e/,/a/
• The movement of the tongue vertically
– High /Close : /i/,/u/
– Middle : /e/,/o/
– Low/Open : /a/
• The movement of the tongue horizontally
– Front : /i/,
– Middle :/ə /
– Back : /u/
Bina Nusantara University
5
Cardinal Vowels
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Vowel 1 : /i/ close, long, front , unrounded
Vowel 2 : /I/ half close, short, front, unrounded
Vowel 3 : /ɛ/ mid, short, front, unrounded
Vowel 4: /æ/ short, front, open, unrounded
Vowel 5: /ɑ/ long, open, back, slightly rounded
Vowel 6: /ɒ/ short, open, back, rounded
Vowel 7: /ɔ/ long, half open, back, rounded
Vowel 8: /ʊ/short, half close, back, rounded
Bina Nusantara University
6
Cardinal Vowels
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Vowel 9: /u/ long, close, back, rounded
Vowel 10 : /ʌ/ short, open, central
Vowel 11:/з/long, mid, central
Vowel 12: /ə/ short, mid, central. It is called
‘schwa’
Bina Nusantara University
7