TABLE OF CONTENTS
Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office
Message From The Director
Contents
1 Message From The Director
2 Editorial News Reports
2....Introducing CBMS: Leading Medical Research and Education for 20 Years
3....Insights from the Director: Making Grand Visions a Reality
4....State Key Discipline: At the Front Line of Immunology
5....Cultivating New State Key Disciplines: Modernizing Basic Medical Sciences
6 Academic Excellence
6....Faculty Profiles
10....Innovation in Education: Training Physician-Scientists
11....International Talents: Fostering a Global Reach
© 2013 by The American Association for the
Advancement of Science.
All rights reserved. 6 December 2013
12 Disciplinary Clusters
This booklet was produced by the Science/AAAS
Custom Publishing Office and sponsored by the
College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military
Medical University, PLA, China. Materials that appear
in this booklet were commissioned, edited, and
published by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing
Office and were not reviewed or assessed by the
Science Editorial staff. All images provided by CBMS
except where indicated.
Editors: Tianna Hicklin, Ph.D., Sean Sanders, Ph.D.;
Guest Editor: Xiaoyun Sun, Ph.D.; Editorial News
Reports Writer: Wayne Peng, Ph.D.; Proofreader/
Copyeditor: Yuse Lajiminmuhip; Designer: Amy
Hardcastle
10 Editorial News Reports
ABOUT THE COVER: The Basic Medical Sciences
Building at CBMS is over 50 years old and
houses classrooms, laboratories, and office space.
12....Organizational Chart
AAAS is here –
promoting universal science literacy.
In 1985, AAAS founded Project 2061 with the goal of
helping all Americans become literate in science, mathematics, and technology. With its landmark publications
Science for All Americans and Benchmarks for Science
Literacy, Project 2061 set out recommendations for what
all students should know and be able to do in science,
mathematics, and technology by the time they graduate
from high school. Today, many of the state standards in the
United States have drawn their content from Project 2061.
As a AAAS member, your dues help support Project 2061
as it works to improve science education. If you are not
yet a member, join us. Together we can make a difference.
To learn more, visit
aaas.org/plusyou/project2061
This booklet, produced by Science/AAAS and sponsored by the College of Basic Medical Sciences (CBMS)
of the Third Military Medical University (TMMU), PLA in
China, highlights the 20-year history of the college’s
scientific and educational development. To provide the
international scientific community with a clear and comprehensive overview of these accomplishments and
plans for the future, this booklet takes a collective look
at CBMS’ research plans and priorities, educational innovations, and “International Talents” program that has
been set up to attract researchers from around the
world to help solve some of our most serious global
health issues.
Ensuring the safety and security of human health is a
critical issue impacting the global community and a
top priority for CBMS. A newly published report from
the World Health Organization entitled “Global Health
Risks” indicates that turning our current medical interventions into effective and well-grounded treatments
for the global community will take a concerted effort
from many different countries around the world. Among
them, China, as the largest developing nation, must play
a vital role. The Chinese government is now implementing a national strategy to support innovations in medical
science and technology. Over the past 20 years, Chinese investment in medical sciences has been nearly
doubling every five years.
As an important research- and teaching-oriented center
of TMMU and a National Key University in China, CBMS is
dedicated to pursuing research in the basic medical and
life sciences, to developing new innovations in medical
education, and to attracting and cultivating talent from
around the world. After more than two decades of
progress, CBMS is now among the top basic medical
science colleges in China.
CBMS is committed to promoting international collaborations and exchanging ideas with researchers from
around the world. To that end, we intend to establish
an internationally educated team of faculty, to educate
our students using internationally recognized standards, and to establish collaborative research projects
with scientists and clinicians at institutions overseas.
We are dedicated to developing scientific exchanges
with researchers from other countries, establishing
systems to jointly train young scientists, including undergraduates and graduates. Our re­search facilities
are open to the international science community, and
we welcome research collaborations between our
scientists and researchers abroad as well as with clinicians who are focused on bench-to-bedside research
and professionals working in the technology transfer
industry.
I want to thank Science/AAAS and my colleagues for
their efforts in putting together this project, which has
enabled the timely publication of this booklet.
Yuzhang Wu
Director, CBMS
1
EDITORIAL NEWS REPORT
Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office
Introducing CBMS: Leading Medical Research and Education for 20 Years
Chongqing, one of the four municipalities directly under the central government, is famous for three millennia of rich culture and history in the
fertile valley in southwestern China and has a population of more than
30 million people. It is also home to the highly regarded Third Military
Medical University (TMMU) and the College of Basic Medical Sciences
(CBMS).
Over the past 20 years, CBMS has become known for its groundbreaking basic research and innovative medical education. Founded in 1992,
CBMS has morphed from a simple teaching unit into a powerhouse of
medical research and scientific training. In 2011, when Yuzhang Wu became the director of CBMS, the institution began another transformation,
through which “research-based education” would become a cornerstone
of the institution’s mission.
Growing Basic Research
Shortly after its foundation, CBMS received one of the first research
grants awarded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(NSFC). Since then, its researchers have secured more and more competitive research grants year after year. This year alone, CBMS has received nearly 40 million yuan (US$6.5 million) in funding from the central
and local governments.
A significant portion of the funding growth is specific to immunology research, Wu’s area of expertise. CBMS’ Institute of Immunology is a designated State Key Discipline (SKD) and receives direct support from the
central government. The institute also serves as the immunology command center for the People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), providing
strategic support and advice.
Other areas of research showing significant expansion include the
Department of Anatomy and the Department of Histology and Embryology, which are both part of the Ministry of Education’s Cultivating State
Key Discipline Program, aiming to develop more SKDs in top research
centers throughout the country. Researchers in these departments study
cutting-edge topics in developmental biology, such as brain cell development, vascular biology, and stem cells.
One aspect these departments all have in common is teamwork.
2
“Chinese culture stresses working in union toward
a common goal,” explains Wu, who is leveraging
this unique strength of Chinese researchers to
stimulate networking, collaboration, and project
coordination.
Already the institution’s collaborative efforts,
combined with ample funding, have resulted in
high-quality publications. “During 2012 alone,
CBMS researchers published more than 100 papers in international journals and 15 papers in
journals with an impact factor of five or higher,”
explains Wu. “This is a gigantic leap in research
output compared with 15 years ago, when CBMS
researchers only published one immunology paper the entire year.” Patent applications have
also risen rapidly since CBMS was granted its
first patent in 2000, with nearly 20 applications
under consideration in the first half of 2013.
Going forward, CBMS plans to develop a world-class faculty by recruiting young talent and by building interdisciplinary research projects
with Chinese scientists and international partners. “Our goal in the future is to increase our research competitiveness—both within China and
on the global stage,” says Jijian Zhang, associate director of research at
CBMS.
Revolutionizing Education
A pivotal force of research competitiveness is the graduate students, and
Wu has tasked the institution with providing a “research-based education.” Wu has implemented a number of programs to boost students’ research skills and critical thinking ability, including journal clubs and interdisciplinary co-mentorships.
CBMS is also introducing innovative teaching strategies into the
rigid medical education system. “In addition to the textbook knowledge required for board exams, we encourage critical thinking from
our undergraduate students,” says Wengang Xiao, associate director
of education at CBMS. Wu and Xiao have introduced materials from
scientific journals, rigorous debates and discussions, and presentation practices into the classroom. “We ask students to challenge
authority, both teachers and textbooks, when it comes to science,”
says Wu.
Also bringing in new ideas are the many young professors joining the faculty who have received their training overseas. “Ninety
percent of the current faculty have either acquired their Ph.D. or
done their postdoctoral research abroad,” says Wu. Moreover,
there are currently 28 adjunct professors located internationally who regularly visit CBMS to teach and to advise on research
directions.
Over the last 20 years, CBMS has developed into a respected,
global medical research institution. With its state-of-the-art research
facilities, internationally minded faculty, and revamped educational
system, CBMS is poised to solve critical problems in medicine and become one of the top basic medicine and biomedicine research centers
in China.
Insights from the Director: Making Grand Visions a Reality
The director of CBMS has
grand visions for the institute.
As a trained immunologist and
a pioneer of epitope-based rational vaccine design, Yuzhang
Wu has had a successful research career. He is a winner
of the National Outstanding
Youth Science Fund and a designated Changjiang Scholar
Distinguished Professor for the
Chinese Ministry of Education,
one of the most prestigious distinctions for Chinese scholars.
When he became the director of
CBMS in 2011, he immediately
saw opportunities to make an
impact in three areas: creating an internationally trained
faculty, boosting translational
research, and revamping pedagogical strategies.
rations. “Integrating with industry will help us commercialize
our research findings,” he says.
“Although this has been more
difficult than forming academic
collaborations, we are getting
there.” His goal is to reduce
the reliance on central government funding and to build a
clinically oriented biotechnology base in China.
Innovative Education
Strategies
Ultimately, education is the
key to producing top-notch
researchers, clinicians, and
biotechnology leaders, which
is why Wu so strongly values
education reform. Traditional
medical education in China
has failed to deliver translationally focused scientists and
clinicians. Wu’s reform begins
Faculty Training
Yuzhang Wu
at the undergraduate level,
Previous to Wu’s leadership,
with the goal of changing the
CBMS faculty did not follow an international model for research and education. Therefore, focus of education from simple memorization toward critical thinking
and understanding. Wu has already implemented a number of classWu began recruiting young researchers from overseas who were
room strategies to help achieve this goal (see Innovation in Education,
“highly motivated and eager to embark on new research directions.”
page 10).
Wu explains that they “have recruited several junior investigators
In his view, the gap between graduate training in China and in the
who have a strong work ethic as well as extensive international conWest is even wider than that of undergraduate education. Many
nections, which has been raising the level of education and research
graduate students in China have simply become technicians who run
significantly.”
Because these new generations of faculty are still early in their careers, repetitive experiments, rather than scientists in training. His graduate education reform aims to change this by implementing new stratWu has begun to coach them on how to think strategically and focus
egies. Within the new paradigm, graduate students will be expected
more broadly in their field. “Many of these talented young investigators
to independently identify important questions in their field of interhave spent years studying a small part of a larger problem,” he explains.
“They’re still learning how to navigate the big picture and how to est and then address these questions using logical reasoning and
up-to-date information from the scientific literature rather than from
strategically compete with others.” These skills are even more critical in
textbooks.
China where research competition is fierce and pressure for fast success
Wu believes that a shortage of research-focused educators contribis high.
utes to the lack of this type of education, highlighting the need for better teacher training to raise the standard of education. He encourages
Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Translational
CBMS faculty to not only focus on writing scientific research papers but
Research
also to develop teaching strategies and publish their experiences in edOne advantage of CBMS being located in Chongqing is that the culture
ucation-oriented journals.
is known for friendliness and cooperation, which makes it easier for reIn his first two years, Wu has made great strides in steering CBMS
searchers to form collaborations and interdisciplinary projects. To further
facilitate this, Wu has taken full advantage of the three large hospitals toward becoming an international center with a talented faculty, robust
research output, and world-class scientific training. Already, CBMS has
affiliated with CBMS and implemented a co-mentorship program and a
“clinical-basic research salon.” He hopes these programs will facilitate moved into a stronger position and is producing quality clinical research.
strong translational-research collaborations between the faculty and the Wu believes the institution’s future is bright, but that fully realizing his
dreams will only be made possible by the diligent work of everyone at
hospital’s clinical staff.
Eventually, Wu dreams of incorporating industry into these collabo- CBMS.
3
EDITORIAL NEWS REPORT
Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office
State Key Discipline: At the Front Line of Immunology
The Institute of Immunology at CBMS
leads basic and applied immunology
research for the armed forces of China;
more importantly, it is designated a State
Key Discipline (SKD) and is therefore
eligible to receive direct government
The Institute of
funding. Scientists at the institute focus
Immunology
on advancing cutting-edge topics—from
understanding the mechanisms underlying early immune responses to
developing new vaccines.
Understanding and Harnessing Immune
System Responses
The body’s immune response is a complex process. The
Institute of Immunology has brought together scientists
with a broad range of backgrounds to investigate mechanistic questions about the immune system and to find
ways of harnessing the body’s immune responses for
clinical benefit.
Zhiren
After years spearheading the T cell vaccine developZhang
ment efforts at CBMS, Ying Wan, a principle investigator at the institute, has shifted his attention to dendritic
cells and the role microRNAs play in immune response
initiation. “We collaborate with research teams at Duke
University and the University of California at Berkeley
on these interesting topics, providing state-of-the-art reYing
search equipment,” says Wan.
Wan
Zhiren Zhang, associate head of the institute, began
studying inflammation at the Universität Tübingen in Germany. He moved
his lab to the Institute of Immunology in 2011 because the “funding situation is better right now at CBMS than in Germany,”
explains Zhang. At the institute, his group investigates
molecular targets for suppressing excess inflammation.
To fully understand how the immune system fights
microbial infection, Wei Liu, principle investigator, uses
X-ray crystallography to obtain detailed structural inforGuohong
mation of the key protein players in an effort to dissect
Deng
the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity. Prior to
joining the institute in 2011, Liu, who has a background
in biochemistry, spent nearly a decade at the Karolinska
Institute in Sweden studying structural biology.
Combating Disease
One of the most serious chronic infections in China is
hepatitis B. “It is estimated that a third of the world’s
chronic hepatitis B cases are in China,” says Guohong
Deng, principle investigator, whose lab investigates
how a patient’s genetic background affects the T cell response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Meanwhile, Guilian Xu, a principle investigator also studying virus-host
genome interactions, works toward revising the conventional theory that the complement system only acts on
innate immunity. Based on genetic evidence, she argues
4
Guilian
Xu
Bing
Ni
that the system also participates in adaptive immune responses, especially when certain viral infections, such as
HBV, are present.
Epigenetic mechanisms also play a role in the immune
response to HBV infection, and are the focus of Associate Head Bing Ni’s research. After Ni graduated from the
Xinyuan
Third Military Medical University, he attended the UniZhou
versity of Toronto for his postdoctoral training; however,
he decided to come back to CBMS because there are
abundant resources for studying “the three most clinically important immunology problems: infection, cancer,
and autoimmunity,” Ni explains. His research focuses on
epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications, in
Yongwen
regulatory T cells.
Chen
Understanding immune responses to other pathogens
is important to many CBMS researchers. Principle Investigator Xinyuan
Zhou, for example, investigates the mechanism of T cell memory using
established infection models—lymphocytic choriomeningitis and Listeria
infections. “We are looking at ways to enhance T cell memory for treating
chronic infection,” says Zhou. Complementing Zhou’s work, another principle investigator, Yongwen Chen, who did his postdoctoral research at
Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, is looking at the role of natural killer cells
and macrophages in resolving chronic HBV infection.
Advancing Vaccine Development
Yuzhang Wu, director of CBMS and head of the Institute of Immunology, is a pioneer in epitope-based rational vaccine design—stimulating the desired immune
response using synthesized peptides that present the
“optimal” antigenicity. Under his leadership, the institute
has attracted some of the best minds to research and
Li
has developed prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for
Wang
critical diseases in China.
One such researcher is Li Wang, associate head of
the institute. She is looking for ways to modulate specific
T cell responses to treat diseases and is “developing
therapeutic vaccines for various cancers,” she explains.
Wang is trying to attenuate autoreactive T cells in type 1
Wei
diabetes in the hopes of slowing down the destruction of
Liu
insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Successful vaccine development also involves understanding how
existing vaccines work. Lilin Ye, principle investigator and an expert
on immunological responses to vaccines and viral infection, designs
new and improved versions of old vaccines. His group’s latest work is
focused on developing “mucosal vaccines and therapeutic antibodies
against important diseases, such as hepatitis B and avian influenza,”
Ye says.
As a well-funded SKD, the Institute of Immunology has enlisted an
interdisciplinary team of talented scientists to begin unraveling how the
immune system works and to develop ways to design the most effective
therapeutics. Given the progress the institute has made thus far, many
more avenues for developing vaccines and combating chronic diseases
will surely emerge in the future.
Cultivating New State Key Disciplines: Modernizing Basic Medical Sciences
Dajun Ying
Chuhong Zhu
Wenqing Cai
At TMMU, the faculty of CBMS is responsible for the university’s basic
medical education, which begins with anatomy and histology lessons.
However, CBMS educators go beyond textbook lessons and incorporate their own research into classroom learning. Some of the noteworthy
projects being used for medical education at CBMS include the world’s
second virtual human project, blood vessel engineering, and nervous
system development research. As a result of this high-quality research,
the Department of Anatomy and the Department of Histology and Embryology are poised to become the next State
Key Disciplines at CBMS.
Chinese Virtual Human Project
Lan Xiao
Xiaotang Fan
hemodynamics in endothelial cell biology and capillary physiology. Ying
then began using molecular biology to understand the signal transduction pathways underlying the action of hemodynamic forces. Currently,
he is involved in application-oriented projects such as stem cell-based
tissue engineering.
Ying’s innovative attitude has inspired the next generation of scientists,
including Chuhong Zhu, head of the Department of Anatomy. Continuing
his work from a stint in the University of Minnesota, Zhu engineers artificial cardiovascular tissue using new biomaterials
and stem cells. He is constructing tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels from captured endothelial progenitor cells in vivo, which
enables endothelization of tissue-engineered
blood vessels. Zhu is committed to producing
these blood vessels for clinical applications. He
also investigates neural regulation of blood vessel physiology and development.
CBMS is a leader in the creation of digital human
atlases. In the late 1990s, Shaoxiang Zhang, vice
president of TMMU and former director of CBMS,
led the team of surgeons and computer scientists
who developed the Chinese Virtual Human Project (CVHP).
Neural Development
“CVHP is the largest virtual human dataset
Developmental biology is also a strong focus at
in the world,” Zhang says. Although released a
CBMS. Professor Emeritus Wenqing Cai was
few years after the U.S. Virtual Human Project
Shaoxiang Zhang
one of the pioneers who introduced immunohis(VHP), CVHP has a number of notable advantochemistry methods to China in the 1980s. She has trained many scientages. CVHP was made using 0.1 mm slices, compared with the 1 mm
tists at CBMS who are now leaders in developmental biology.
slices used for VHP, Zhang explains, “making the CVHP data of much
One such person is Lan Xiao, head of the Department of Histology and
higher resolution.” Additionally, the imaging resolution of each slice is
Embryology, who studied development neurobiology and neuropsychiaalso higher than that of VHP.
try as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
“Right now, the utilization rate of CVHP is on par with that of VHP,”
“We are especially interested in the development of oligodendrocytes,
says Zhang. Virtual human databases are very useful for medical eduthe myelin forming cells in the central nervous system,” says Xiao, “becation, and CVHP is now being licensed by many medical schools in
China and abroad. Moreover, the CVHP data is extremely valuable for cause we have found from animal models that oligodendroglia dysfunction or demyelination may be involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric
education and applications in Asia, since there are a number of notable
disorders like schizophrenia.”
anatomical differences between the Chinese/Asian CVHP body and the
Other researchers in the department are looking for therapeutic
Caucasian body used in VHP.
agents to correct neurodevelopmental defects. Xiaotang Fan, a prinFor future applications of CVHP, Zhang explains, they are looking at
ciple investigator in the same department, is particularly interested in
using the dataset in conjunction “with 3-D printing technology to create
nuclear receptors as therapeutic targets. “The key to successfully apartificial human organs for transplantation.”
plying developmental biology for therapeutic application in neurology
Blood Vessel Engineering
is to pinpoint tissue and temporal specificities of potential therapeutic
Anatomical and histological research at CBMS has also brought about
targets,” explains Fan, “because the time window for therapeutic interinnovative discoveries in blood vessel engineering. Dajun Ying, profesvention is quite narrow for neurodevelopment defects.”
sor emeritus, has been studying blood vessels in the human head since
Taken together, these research projects have not only advanced the
the 1980s. His early work, as a graduate student at TMMU, focused on
medical education at CBMS, but are also supporting the Department of
mapping the capillaries that feed the brain, head, and facial tissues. After
Anatomy and the Department of Histology and Embryology in their quest
moving into the field of biomechanics, he began working on the role of
to become State Key Disciplines.
5
ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office
FACULTY PROFILES
Tech Research and Development Program, and has published more than
150 scientific articles, including 34 science citation index (SCI) papers.
XIANCAI RAO
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
FUSHENG HUANG
PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF PATHOGENIC BIOLOGY
Professor Fusheng Huang is a
member of the Chinese Insect
Society Council, China Animal
Society, and Army Infectious
and Parasitic Professional
Committee. Huang’s research
currently focuses on the relationship between mosquitos
and the malaria parasite. BeFusheng Huang
cause the effectiveness of current methods for controlling malaria have been diminishing and there
has been a lack of new drugs, insecticide replacements, and effective
vaccines, Huang is developing new strategies to control the spread of
malaria by attempting to interrupt parasite transmission from the mosquito vector. Huang’s team is investigating the mechanisms underlying
the mosquito’s own defenses against the Plasmodium parasite and innate immune function, with the ultimate goal of laying a foundation for
finding transmission-blocking vaccines or creating a transgenic mosquito
that is immune to infection.
Huang has authored more than 80 published papers and has been
awarded the Third Prize of National Science and Technology Progress
Award once, the Second Prize of Military Science and Technology Progress five times, and the Second Award of Chongqing Municipal Science
and Technology Progress once.
WENYUE XU
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF PATHOGENIC BIOLOGY
Professor Wenyue Xu’s research focuses on malaria and
the mechanisms underlying the
protective immunity induced
by administering attenuated
sporozoites and whole-killed
blood-stage malaria vaccines
as well as on identifying the
genes responsible for the difWenyue Xu
ferent virulence phenotypes of
malaria parasites. Researchers have tried to develop efficacious malaria subunit vaccines over the past 50 years to no avail. Instead, irradiated or genetically attenuated sporozoites and whole-killed blood-stage
vaccines are regarded as the most efficient malaria vaccines; however,
6
the mechanisms underlying how these vaccines work is still largely unknown. Recently, Xu and his fellow researchers discovered an essential
role for the complement in the induction of optimal malaria-specific CD4+
T cell responses induced by whole-killed blood-stage vaccines. Xu’s
group also provided the first evidence that sporozoite-induced Toll-like
receptor 2 (TLR2) activation could significantly suppress the pre-erythrocytic stage of infection. The team now plans to investigate TLR2’s role in
the regulation of the protective immunity induced by genetically attenuated sporozoites.
In addition, Xu’s group focuses on identifying the genes responsible
for the different virulence phenotypes of malaria parasites. His team has
worked in collaboration with Xin-zhuan Su, chief of the malaria functional
genomics section at the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, to construct a high-resolution linkage map for Plasmodium
yoelii and has identified a major locus linked to the virulence phenotype
of P. yoelii. This group is now investigating the genes involved in a specific complication, cerebral malaria, sometimes seen in individuals infected
with the parasite.
FUQUAN HU
PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
Professor Fuquan Hu studies
the genomics and genetics of
the most abundant organisms
on earth, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages have co-evolved
with phages and host bacteria
and are candidates for treating
bacterial infections, especially
multi-resistant bacteria. HowFuquan Hu
ever, the use of bacteriophages
as antibacterials is limited by the narrow range of hosts with which they
can interact. Hu and his team are dissecting a number of different phage
genomes to identify the function of the genes. His group hopes to be able
to alter the phage genome to extend the host range of bacteriophages,
with the ultimate goal of laying a foundation for phagotherapy.
Hu is an executive member of the China Microbiology Society (CMS),
chairman of the CMS Microbiology & Immunology Branch, and the chairman of the board for the Chongqing Microbiology Society. He has been
awarded numerous scientific grants over the last 20 years, including nine
from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, two from the
Science and Technology Funds of Chongqing City, two from the Science
and Technology Foundations of the Army, two from the National High-
Professor Xiancai Rao’s lab
focuses on the pathogenesis
and drug resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA). As a superbug, MRSA is an emerging human pathogen. Using molecular
and phenotypic typing, Rao’s
group has discovered that
Xiancai Rao
there are three major MRSA
subtypes prevalent in China, and these can be associated with two
characteristic resistance profiles. The team reported the first vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strain (belonging to sequence type
239) in mainland China and found that a thickened cell wall is associated with adaptive resistance to amikacin in MRSA clinical isolates. The lab’s long-term research goal is to explore the molecular
mechanism of MRSA resistance to vancomycin—a drug that has
been traditionally reserved as a last resort for clinical infections—
and the pathogenic function of the staphylococcus type VII secretion
system.
Rao’s group also researches Dengue virus-host interactions. They
have already identified the proteins Eps15, β3 integrin, Rab8, vimentin, RhoA/ROCK, Rac1, and actin as primary factors that play
critical roles in Dengue virus infections and are now characterizing how the Dengue virus infects its host cells on a molecular
level.
ZHIAN HU
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
Professor Zhian Hu serves as
an executive council member
of the Chinese Sleep Research
Society and council member
of the Chinese Association for
Physiological Science and
Chinese Society for Neuroscience. Hu’s group explores
the mechanisms underlying
Zhian Hu
hypocretin-dependent neuronal excitability and its effects on the neural circuitry related to learning and memory. Using a wide range of techniques, Hu’s group has
demonstrated that hypocretins directly activate neurons in the prefrontal cortex and entorhinal cortex through complex mechanisms
and keep the brain in a state of arousal, facilitating learning and
memory. Hu’s studies have also revealed that adenosine, a sleeppromoting neurotransmitter, potently inhibits the activity of hypocretin
neurons. His current research focuses on the activity and information processing characteristics of the arousal system’s neural circuitry
in the prefrontal and entorhinal cortex. Using techniques such as in
vivo multi-channel recording and optogenetics, Hu’s group expects
to illuminate the exact role of the arousal system in higher cognitive
functions.
XIAOWEI CHEN
HEAD, BRAIN RESEARCH CENTER
Professor Xiaowei Chen is a
newly appointed young neuroscientist who was hired to lead
the Brain Research Center. The
center’s researchers investigate high spatiotemporal resolution of neuronal structures
and their function in the mammalian brain. After studying
Xiaowei Chen
at the Technische Universität
München (TUM), Chen returned to the Third Military Medical University
(TMMU) via a university-wide program aimed at recruiting young scientists who have been trained at internationally renowned institutions.
Advances in imaging techniques made over the past decade have
enabled scientists to conduct critical neuroscience experiments, such
as monitoring the activity of multiple neurons in live animals simultaneously and determining their subcellular components. Recently, Chen,
together with Arthur Konnerth at TUM, used two-photon microscopy to
image dendritic spine function in vivo. In close collaboration with Konnerth, researchers at the center are further developing such optical techniques and are aiming to construct six integrated imaging systems with
the generous startup funds they received from TMMU. In addition, the
center’s researchers plan to extend their research focus from rodents to
nonhuman primates, with the aim of elucidating higher mammalian brain
functions using high-resolution imaging. The center plans to house 100
marmosets to help achieve this goal. In addition, the center is now accepting applications from Chinese and international scholars for six new
principal investigator positions.
YING XIONG
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF NEUROBIOLOGY
Professor Ying Xiong’s research focuses on understanding the synaptic and cellular
mechanisms underlying auditory information processing and
plasticity in the brain. Currently,
his lab is interested in understanding the neural circuitry in
the thalamus and auditory corYing Xiong
tex. By combining a number of
techniques, including in vivo whole-cell recordings, intracellular recordings, intrinsic signal optical imaging, immunohistochemistry, and optogenetics, Xiong hopes to visualize the neural circuits that are activated
during hearing-related behavior and cognitive functions. The medial geniculate body (MGB) gates the ascending auditory inputs to the cortex.
Xiong’s group investigates the cellular mechanisms underlying activity in
the primary auditory cortex, which is recorded while an acoustic stimulus
is presented to a rat and an electrical stimulation to the MGB is applied.
Xiong’s team has found that low-frequency stimuli enhanced the amplitude of sound-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials in auditory cortex neurons, whereas high-frequency stimuli depressed these auditory
responses.
The balance between excitation and inhibition is important for the
maturation of cortical function, yet few studies have addressed the
7
ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
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FACULTY PROFILES
cortical mechanisms underlying development and plasticity of neural
circuitry in freely moving animals.
JIANFENG SUI
PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
8
melanin synthesis though upregulation of the micropthalmia-associated
transcription factor, and the establishment of a repertoire of mouse melanocyte progenitors that retain melanogenic potential.
JIN YANG
Professor Jianfeng Sui’s major
research focus is understanding the neurobiological basis
of learning and memory. In
particular, his group studies
the differences between classical conditioning of autonomic
reflexes (such as pupillary reflex) and somatic responses
Jianfeng Sui
(eye blinking) in both animals
and humans. In addition, his group investigates what the most important determinants are for autonomic conditioning, which of them differ from those involved in somatic conditioning, and how autonomic
responses can be brought under indirect cortical control. Sui’s major
research achievements include clarifying the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann’s area 24) and prelimbic cortex (Brodmann’s
area 32) of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) in acquisition and retrieval of trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC), reevaluating the role of
the hippocampus and medial PFC in delay EBC, elucidating the involvement of awareness in differential delay EBC using either a soft
or loud tone as conditional stimulus (CS) and in EBC with time as the
CS, investigating the cross-modal memory transfer of classical EBC
with electrical stimulation of hippocampus or medial PFC as the CS,
and applying studies of prepulse inhibition and EBC testing for use
in diagnoses.
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF CELL BIOLOGY
TIAN YANG
YUN BAI
PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CELL BIOLOGY
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL GENETICS
Professor Tian Yang’s group
has studied skin biology for over
20 years. The epidermis and hair
follicles periodically undergo regeneration, a process dependent upon resident adult skin
stem cells. These stem cells,
including the hair follicle stem
cells and melanocyte stem cells,
Tian Yang
are essential to maintaining skin
homeostasis and to repairing tissue damage after injury. Yang’s group
investigates how these cells are activated and differentiated in response
to different external cues, and how they are able to coexist in the same
environment.
Yang’s lab has received funding for 27 different projects from foundations at the provincial, ministerial, and national level. This funding has
resulted in a number of scientific findings, such as the importance of
canonical Wnt signaling and non-canonical Wnt signaling in the regulation of hair follicle growth, the relationship of Gsdam3 to the hair follicle cycle, Wnt3a inhibition of melanocyte proliferation and activation of
Professor Yun Bai’s research
team evaluates, diagnoses, and
manages patients with hereditary diseases and congenital
malformations. Her group also
provides patients with genetic
risk assessments, genetic mutation analysis, and referrals
when medical specialties are
Yun Bai
needed. Bai’s group tracks familial pedigrees and sporadic cases of genetic disorders with the goals
to collect pedigrees for a variety of Mendelian disorders, to identify rare
disease phenotypes in patients, and to establish a database of genetic
resources in southwestern China, especially in the Chongqing area. The
group provides genetic consulting, genetic diagnosis, mutation identification, and unknown disease locus mapping. They also explore the source
of genetic heterogeneity, perform variant analysis on candidate genes,
analyze the relationships between genotypes and phenotypes, and characterize the function of newly cloned genes. Many departments of Third
Military Medical University-affiliated hospitals have taken advantage of
Professor Jin Yang has devoted
her scientific career to exploring the molecular mechanisms
underlying genomic instability
and tumorigenesis. The maintenance of genomic integrity
depends upon a coordinated
DNA damage response. The
integrity of the DNA damJin Yang
age response pathway is crucial for the prevention of malignant transformation. Yang’s group is
focused on understanding the relationships between defective DNA
repair and cancer predisposition. They have studied the signal transduction and regulation of the DNA damage response to elucidate the
mechanisms underlying chromatin remodeling, cell cycle regulation,
DNA repair, and apoptosis. Yang’s studies have revealed that defective Xeroderma pigmentosum genes and translesion DNA polymerases
are associated with cancer progression and multidrug resistance, information she hopes will be useful for investigating cancer biomarkers
and therapeutic targets. Yang’s group has also ventured into exploring
whether the DNA damage response plays a role in the areas of cancer genetics, including the generation of cancer stem cells, cellular
senescence and aging, and the maintenance of self-renewing adult
stem cells.
this group’s expertise and provided them with clinical cases for analysis,
resulting in the identification of genes and variants involved in rare diseases, including congenital heart disease, congenital digital malformations, neurological diseases, dermatological diseases, opthalmological
diseases, and tumor susceptible syndrome. Bai’s group has successfully
discovered novel disease-related variants, provided mutation spectrum
analysis for the phenotype-genotype relationship of different diseases,
diagnosed conditions prenatally using their genetic database, and provided genetic diagnoses for birth defects and identified the functions of
these genes, revealing potential future therapeutic targets.
a glutamate-induced complex that modulates the activation of neutrophils and an inflammatory induced cytokine release, determining whether
the pro- or anti-inflammatory response is initiated after TBI or ALI. There
are several key functions of neutrophils which have yet to be elucidated,
such as how neutrophils cross the blood-brain barrier after a brain injury,
and how neutrophils affect the function of neurons. Being deeply absorbed in these scientific questions, Dai’s lab aims to further investigate
neutrophil function and the mechanisms underlying their contribution to
different diseases.
FENGTIAN HE
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Professor Fengtian He is the
board chairman of the Chongqing Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
vice-chairman of the People’s
Liberation Army Biochemistry
Committee. His research focuses on the functional mechanisms of nuclear receptors, esFengtian He
pecially for retinoid X receptor
(RXR) heterodimers such as FXR, LXR, and PPARγ. Over the last eight
years, his group has identified 10 novel target genes of nuclear receptors including SR-B1, ET-1, thrombomodulin, HMGB1, SOCS3, CISH,
A2AR, BAFF, SARI, and FOXM1. These genes have been associated
with many different cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, and
cancers. Moreover, He’s lab has demonstrated that several noncoding
RNAs (such as miR421, miR137, miR1, miR206, miR613, and lncRNA
Gas 5) are involved in the regulation of nuclear receptors. These findings
may pave the way for developing novel therapeutics that target nuclear
receptor-associated signaling pathways. He’s group has been supported by more than 20 grants from the National Natural Science Foundation
of China and has published 35 SCI papers in related fields.
SHUANGSHUANG DAI
HONG WEI
Professor Hong Wei’s lab develops animal models for use
in medical research. His group
focuses on the Chinese minipig
because it exhibits the necessary biological characteristics
of a good model organism such
as genetic stability, small body
size, tameness, and tolerance
Hong Wei
for experimental operations.
Moreover, the minipig is more similar to a human’s anatomy, physiology,
metabolism, and gut flora, compared with the commonly used rodent
model. In addition, the minipig’s body and organ size are fully compatible with current clinic diagnostic, therapeutic, and laboratory methods.
To facilitate the application of Chinese minipigs for medical research,
this team has established a stable somatic cell nuclear transfer system—which can be used in combination with new genomic editing technologies such as TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9—to manipulate the minipig
genome. To provide genetically modified minipig resources on a large
scale, Wei’s team is performing high throughout random mutations of
the minpig genome using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea as the mutagen. Currently, the group has established a repertoire for preparation, rederivation, and application of germ free-mice, providing conditions for creating germ-free minipig models to investigate the role of gut microbiota in
human disease.
ASSOCIATE HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Associate Professor Shuangshuang Dai specializes in inflammation research. Her interests
are focused on neutrophils and
their G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-regulated effects on
inflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute
lung injury (ALI). Neutrophils
Shuangshuang Dai
are an important factor in the inflammation response. Dai’s research has shown that these cells mediate
differential responses to central nervous system injury, such as TBI, or
peripheral tissue damage, such as ALI. Whether a pro- or anti-inflammatory response is initiated can be determined by the physical interactions GPCRs form with one another within neutrophils. After eight years
of research, Dai and her colleagues discovered that the adenosine A2A
receptor (A2AR) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) form
9
EDITORIAL NEWS REPORT
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Innovation in Education: Training Physician-Scientists
10
Graduate Students Discussing an Experiment in the Lab
Summer School for Undergraduates
A key objective of Director Yuzhang Wu’s vision for CBMS is to reform all levels of the educational system, including physician-scientist
training. “Our goal is to train our brightest students to become physician-scientists who can identify important questions and critically
investigate the answers,” says Wu. Below is a look at some of the current physician-scientist students’ experiences and accomplishments,
which demonstrate how Wu’s plan is being implemented and is improving medical education.
Dali Zhang and Kaiyuan Zhang are both starting their senior year at
TMMU. In an immunology course taught by Professor Li Wang last year,
Dali Zhang was asked to design his own scientific experiments. He became so interested in the intellectual exercise that he asked if he could
carry out the experiments in Wang’s lab over the summer break. Wang
agreed to mentor the student’s project because “teaching and learning are mutually beneficial,” explains Wang. “I also gain new insights
by discussing different papers’ experimental design and results with my
students.” After finishing his summer project, Zhang is now considering
either a basic research career or a clinically focused career after he
graduates. “I am glad to have had the chance to learn both clinical and
basic research skills here,” says Zhang. “In China, we have a unique
opportunity to conduct translational research because we have access
to a huge patient pool.”
His classmate Kaiyuan Zhang has been working in the lab for much
longer, since his freshman year to be exact. Kaiyuan Zhang, who studies molecular neurophysiology with Jun Zhang, principle investigator
in the Department of Physiology, cannot hide his passion and excitement when talking about his work on sleep biology and the neurotransmitter orexin. “I am inclined to pursue basic research after graduation
because of the happiness it brings me,” says Zhang. “I enjoy using deductive logic and applying the latest techniques to solve important questions.” He is just one of many success stories in Wu’s undergraduate
education reform.
Xiaoyun Shang just received his Ph.D. from CBMS this summer. He
worked in Director Yuzhang Wu’s lab studying vaccine design. “The most
important lesson I have learned here is critical thinking,” says Shang.
“There is so much knowledge beyond the textbooks we used in college.
I’ve learned the importance of identifying key questions and applying upto-date technical know-how to answer these questions,” he says. He has
accepted a postdoctoral fellowship in the United States, where he hopes
to gain additional skills to advance his career in therapeutic cancer vaccine development.
Kaijun Liu is a second-year Ph.D. student in the lab of Shaoxiang
Zhang, vice president of TMMU and the project leader for the Chinese
Virtual Human Project (CVHP) (see page 5). Liu also did his undergraduate work at TMMU and has worked in Zhang’s lab since 2005.
“Back then, we did not have the innovative education platform put together recently by Director Wu, so there has been some trial and error
in the process [of learning to be a critical-thinking scientist],” says Liu,
who equates the transition from undergraduate research to studying
for a Ph.D. to climbing a mountain. “You see the field more broadly and
clearly as you climb,” says Liu, explaining that as he advanced toward
completing the degree, he began to see the bigger picture questions in
his field. In Zhang’s lab, Liu learned about computer reconstruction and
image processing, but has recently become interested in immunology,
and now wants to combine these different fields to create new ideas,
such as creating a model of the lymph system using the CVHP dataset.
Overall, “the ultimate goal [of this education reform] is to break old
habits, the inertia, and the short-sightedness of the traditional medical education,” says Professor Zhongxiang Yao, who has over 25
years of teaching experience. Fundamental changes in guidelines
and evaluation systems are necessary to ensure that undergraduate
and graduate students can develop a productive career, and CBMS is
dedicated to hastening the reform and inspiring the next generation of
scientists.
International Talents: Fostering a Global Reach
In recent years, many Chinese universities have
to him,” and he provides strong support to young
significantly stepped up their efforts to bring their
investigators at TMMU, says Zhou. “Once he rescience to the international stage. CBMS is one such
plied by e-mail after midnight, and my problem was
institution that has been implementing strategies to
resolved before the next day started,” he explains.
become more competitive in the global arena. In
CBMS has also set specific recruitment goals
the last two to three years alone, CBMS has seen
to help strengthen its faculty. “We want [to rean uptick in bidirectional global connections, but
cruit] junior-level talent who are not afraid of chalstaying competitive means being able to recruit a
lenging the existing paradigms and exploring
top-notch faculty both locally and abroad.
new theories,” explains Yuzhang Wu, director of
Helping achieve this talent recruitment goal is
CBMS, “rather than transplanting established reChina’s “Go West” strategy, which has been ensearch groups from overseas.” Wu hopes these
couraging economical, educational, scientific, and
free-thinking scientists will bring the scientific cultechnological developments in the country’s westtures from the countries where they were trained
ern region and providing policy and funding support
to China. Evidence of this can be found in many
over the last decade. Given this increased focus on
of the innovative teaching methods and evaluation
the West, Chongqing—the largest city in China—
systems CBMS has implemented in recent years,
is poised to become a new center of international
which have their roots in the places where CBMS
Lilin Ye
outreach.
researchers have been educated, such as Europe
Professor Xiaowei Chen, who graduated from CBMS several
or the United States.
years ago and recently returned from his postdoctoral training at the
Scientists returning home to China don’t leave their professionTechnische Universität München in Germany to be the head of the
al lives behind. Maintaining connections and collaborations with
Brain Research Center, says the livability of Chongqing compared with
scientists outside China is very important to CBMS researchers.
that in major coastal cities allows him to “concentrate on doing science
“There are no real differences between being located in Chongqwithout worrying about money and housing.” This is important for Chen ing and being in Beijing or Shanghai,” says Chen, “especially in the
since he feels a strong emotional attachment to the institute and plans
era of the Internet and frequent air travel.” He still communicates
to build China’s first marmoset center for large-animal experiments right
regularly with former colleagues in Munich about collaborative
in Chongqing. Another example is Lilin Ye, a principle investigator who
projects.
brought his research developing novel therapeutic vaccines to CBMS in
Another strategy for CBMS in acquiring top talent is recruiting domesti2012 from Emory University in Atlanta in the United States, explains that
cally. Jun Zhang, a principle investigator in the Department of Physiolsome other benefits of being in Chongqing are that the “kindergarten
ogy, who specializes in sensory-motor integration, moved from Nanjing
and school education is better than that provided by other institutions in
University (800 miles east of Chongqing) to CBMS in 2011. Zhang says
Beijing or Shanghai.”
that “Chongqing, and the surrounding Sichuan region, has always been
CBMS also strives to stay competitive with universities located on eia resource-rich area in China, and this is also true in terms of scientific
ther side of the Atlantic Ocean by providing top-notch research facilities
research support thanks to ample funding and talent from all over the
as well as generous starter packages. “There are also fewer restrictions
world.”
here as to how starter funds can be used,” says Yi Zhou, professor of
More than 1,300 years ago, poets wrote about how quickly one
neuroscience, who joined CBMS at the same time as Chen. He moved could travel from Chongqing (the “White Emperor Castle”) to Nanfrom the University of Southern California to open his own lab studying
jing via the Three Gorges and Yangtze River, in only one day. With
how complex information is processed in the brain. Zhou is particularly
today’s technology, the distance between Chongqing and other cities
impressed by the leadership at CBMS and TMMU. “The director of the has become virtually nonexistent, making Chongqing a great locacollege works harder than us!” he says. “We can bring bureaucratic istion to conduct world-class research as well as stay connected to the
sues, such as difficulties navigating complicated procedures, directly
global community.
Xiaowei Chen
Yi Zhou
Jun Zhang
11
DISCIPLINARY CLUSTERS
Disciplinary
Clusters
Basic
Medical
Sciences
Biological
Sciences
Languages
12
Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office
Faculty
Research Fields
Yuzhang Wu
Postexposure Vaccines
Bing Ni
T Cell Epigenetics
Ying Wan
Immune Regulation
Yongwen Chen
Viral Infection & Immunity
Zhiren Zhang
Inflammation
Lilin Ye
Vaccinology
Xinyuan Zhou
Immune Memory
Wei Liu
Structural Immunology
Guohong Deng
Immunity in Viral Hepatitis
Guilian Xu
Infection & Complement
Li Wang
Immune Recognition
Liyun Zou
Antigen Processing
Shaoxiang Zhang
Virtual Human Digital Database
Dajun Ying
Biomechanics
Chuhong Zhu
Tissue Engineering
Wenqin Cai
Immunocytochemistry
Lan Xiao
Myelination & Remyelination
Xiaotang Fan
Neurodevelopment
Fusheng Huang
Mosquito-Plasmodium Interaction
Wenyue Xu
Malaria Vaccines
Fuquan Hu
Bacteriophage Genomics
Xiancai Rao
Pathogenesis of MRSA
Zhian Hu
Learning/Memory and Sleep
Xiaowei Chen
Imaging Techniques
Ying Xiong
Neurobiology of Audition
Jianfeng Sui
Learning & Memory
Tian Yang
Hair Follicles
Jin Yang
Genomic Instability and Tumorigenesis
Yun Bai
Rare Disease Genetics
Fengtian He
Nuclear Receptors
Shuangshuang Dai
Trauma & Inflammation
Hong Wei
Developmental Biology
Min Yang
Foreign Linguistics
Rongxia Liao
Biomedical English
CBMS Seeks Talent From Abroad
The College of Basic Medical Sciences (CBMS) at the Third Military Medical University (TMMU),
China, is seeking highly motivated talent. TMMU, with a history of over 70 years, is a National Key
University, and one of the first universities authorized to grant doctoral degrees by the Chinese government. As a convergence of basic medical fields and a research- and teaching-oriented center, the
College of Basic Medical Sciences now offers faculty positions for principal investigators (PIs) and
junior PIs in the areas of immunology, microbiology, neurobiology, cellular and molecular biology,
and regenerative medicine.
For candidates who are members of the national “1000-Elite Program,” tenured associate professors who are serving in one of the world’s top 200 universities, “Changjiang Scholar” professors,
chief scientists for the national “973 Program,” “National Outstanding Youth Fund” winners, or those
who have published an article in Cell, Nature, or Science as the first or the corresponding author or
an article in any SCI journal with an impact factor over 20, we will offer an 8-million-yuan research
fund and other research support, including positions for 1-2 assistants, modern office equipment, a
well-furnished apartment or the option to buy an apartment newly built for the staff, and a relocation
allowance of 1 million yuan, as well as a salary, allowance, and other financial support consistent with
those in the similar positions.
Salary and support are negotiable for extraordinarily excellent candidates.
Address: College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, No.30, Gaotanyan
Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
Contact: Ms. Cao
Tel: +86-13983606508
E-mail: [email protected]
Academic Panel
Yuzhang
AcademicWu
Panel
Chuhong
Zhu
Yuzhang Wu
Lan
Xiao Zhu
Chuhong
Lan Xiao
Guest Editor
Guest Editor
Xiaoyun
Sun
Xiaoyun Sun
Photographers
Photographers
Jiacheng Wang
Jiacheng Wang
Junjie Li
Junjie Li
Coordinating Group
Jijian Zhang
Coordinating
Group
Wengang
Jijian
Zhang Xiao
Hongmei
Xu
Wengang
Xiao
Jian Zhou
Hongmei
Xu
Jian
Yi Zhou
Wu
Yi Jing
Wu Tan
Jing
TanCao
Juan
Juan
Cao Li
Yanyan
Yanyan Li
Yingchen Tai
Yingchen Tai
Zhili Zhu
Zhili Zhu
Jianxiong Zhang
Jianxiong Zhang
Academic Panel
Coordinating Group
Organization Panel
Coordinating
GroupZhang
Yuzhang Wu
Jijian
Yi Wu
Yuzhang Wu Chuhong Zhu
Wengang Xiao
Zhongcheng Guo
Lan Xiao Hongmei Xu Hongmei Xu
A CBMS Partner
Jian Zhou
Juan Cao
Wengang Xiao
Yi Wu
Jing Tan
Jijian Zhang Guest Editor
Jing Tan
Xiaoyun SunYanyan Li
Juan Cao
Guest Editor
Zhili Zhu
Yanyan Li
Xiaoyun Sun Photographers
Jian Zhou
Yingchen Tai
Jiacheng Wang
For more information about the
PhotographersJunjie Li Yingchen Tai Zhili Zhu
College of Basic Medical Sciences,
Jiacheng Wang
Jianxiong Zhang
Jianxiong Zhang
Third Military Medical University,
Junjie Li
Peng Xie
contact: [email protected]
For more information about the College of Basic Medical Sciences,
Third Military Medical University,
contact: [email protected]
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