Minnesota Department of Health (MDH)
Food Safety Partnership (FSP) and
Partnership and Workforce Development Unit (PWDU)
QUARTERLY UPDATE
Volume 3, Issue 3, July 1, 2009
The Summer Reading Issue
Novel Influenza A (H1N1)
There are a couple of things that are different about
this issue: First, we have changed to a format that is
more usable by people using screen readers and
similar adaptive technologies. Second, if you’re not into
reading thrillers, romances or mysteries at the beach or
cabin, this issue may provide a different sort of
summer reading. It is comprised of summaries and
links to research articles, news items, and other
resources that may pertain to your work.
Table of Contents
Bug of the Quarter: H1N1………………………
Food, Foodborne Illness, Food Defense……..
Information from Industry………………………
Waterborne Illness…..…………………………
Fish Guidance from MDH ……………………..
Drinking Water………………………..………..
What Next?……………………………………..
Team D in the News………………..…………..
Food Safety Partnership Field Trip……………
1
3
5
5
6
6
6
7
8
MDH has assembled a comprehensive body of
information, recommendations, resources, and
statistics related to H1N1.
MDH Website: http://www.health.state.mn.us/
Also see:
CDC H1N1 information:
http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/
WHO H1N1 Updates:
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_06_17/en/i
ndex.html or /diseases/swineflu/en/index.htm/
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
H1N1: Declaration of Stage 6 Pandemic
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/influenzaAH1N1_press
transcript_20090611.pdf
On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization
(WHO) elevated the H1N1 influenza pandemic alert
level to Stage 6, indicating a world-wide pandemic.
That announcement included the following information:
The H1N1 influenza strain is entirely new. The spread
of the virus in several countries can no longer be
traced to clearly-defined chains of human-to-human
transmission, and H1N1 appears to be more
contagious than seasonal influenza. (The secondary
attack rate of seasonal influenza ranges from 5% to
15%. In May, WHO announced estimated secondary
attack rates for H1N1 of 22% to 33%.)
H1N1 virus preferentially infects younger people. In
most areas, the majority of cases have occurred in
people under 25 years. Most patients have mild
symptoms and make a rapid and full recovery.
Most cases of severe and fatal infections have been in
adults between 30 and 50 years. Many severe cases
have occurred in people with underlying chronic
conditions, including respiratory and cardiovascular
diseases, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and
obesity. However, one-third to one-half of the severe
and fatal infections are in previously healthy young and
middle-aged people. Pregnant women appear to be at
increased risk of complications
WHO noted: Although the pandemic appears to have
moderate severity in developed countries, “it is prudent
to anticipate a bleaker picture as the virus spreads to
areas with limited resources, poor health care, and a
high prevalence of underlying medical problems.”
Page 1 of 9
H1N1: Assessing the Severity of a Pandemic
H1N1: Transmission in Health-Care Setting
Assessing the Severity of an Influenza Pandemic,
WHO, May 11, 2009
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/assess/disease
_swineflu_assess_20090511/en/index.html
Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections Among
Health-Care Personnel - United States, April--May
2009, CDC MMWR, June 19, 2009
Press, pundits, bloggers and second-guessers have
criticized the World Health Organization (WHO) each
time that the pandemic influenza alert level (1 to 6) has
been elevated, since H1N1 was recognized in April
2009.
In this May 11, 2009 statement, WHO describes the
factors that must be assessed in determining the
severity of a pandemic, pointing out that the lethality of
the virus is a critical but not a solitary matter for
consideration. The properties of the virus, vulnerability
of the population, tendency of viruses to mutate,
estimates of pre-existing immunity, and the capacity to
respond must be included in determination of severity
and in our response planning.
H1N1: Risk for Pregnant Women
Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections in Three
Pregnant Women - United States, April--May 2009,
CDC MMWR, May 12, 2009
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm58d0
512a1.htm?s_cid=mm58d0512a1_e
In this article, CDC presents preliminary details of three
cases of H1N1 in pregnant women, and recommends
treatment protocols and special cautions for this group.
The authors state that though there is insufficient data
to determine specifically which groups are at highest
risk for complications of H1N1, data from previous
epidemics and pandemics have indicated that
pregnant women are generally at higher risk for
influenza-associated morbidity and mortality compared
with women who are not pregnant. Pregnant women
with underlying medical conditions are at particularly
high risk for influenza-related complications.
Guidance on issues specific to pregnant women and
the novel influenza A (H1N1) can be found at:
http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/clinician_pregnant.htm.
This information includes advice regarding: treatment
and chemoprophylaxis, breastfeeding, and risk
reduction strategies.
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5823
a2.htm?s_cid=mm5823a2_e
Soon after H1N1 was identified, CDC provided interim
advice for reducing risk for transmission of H1N1 in
health-care settings. These included: use of personal
protective equipment (PPE); response to unprotected
exposures; and restriction of ill workers.
Subsequently, CDC requested reports of H1N1
infected health-care workers from state health
departments. As of May 13, they had received 48
reports, including 26 detailed case reports.
Of the 26, 13 (50%) were likely to have acquired
infection in a health-care setting. Of those for whom
PPE information was available (11 of the 13), only
three reported always using either a surgical mask or
an N95 respirator. Five reported always using gloves.
None reported always using eye protection.
Research on failure to use precautionary measures in
similar situations shows that barriers to compliance can
include: (1) the belief that these practices are
unnecessary, inconvenient, or disruptive; (2) PPE
being unavailable; (3) inadequate training; (4) failure to
establish and maintain protocols; and (5) failure to
recognize patients and identify activities requiring
precautionary practices.
These findings and research are strongly reminiscent
of similar findings regarding hygiene, food safety and
illness awareness practices in food facilities. They
remind us that recommendations are a helpful first
step, but that the workforce needs our continuing
support, if policies and procedures are to be upheld
consistently for the protection of the public health.
H1N1: Fraudulent Products List.
At http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/h1n1flu/,
FDA lists Websites that are illegally marketing
unapproved, uncleared, or unauthorized products (e.g.,
SilverCure shampoo) to diagnose, mitigate, prevent,
treat, or cure the 2009 H1N1 Flu Virus.
Page 2 of 9
Food, Foodborne Illness, Food Defense
Rapid Salmonella Detection
Foodborne Outbreak Surveillance
Interlaboratory validation of a real-time PCR 24hour rapid method for detection of Salmonella in
foods, Journal of Food Protection, Volume 72,
Number 5, pp. 945-951(7), May 2009
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2009/0
0000072/00000005/art00003 (Abstract)
Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks,
United States, 2006, CDC MMWR, Volume 58, No.
22 , June 12, 2009
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5822
a1.htm
Excerpts:
“Foodborne illnesses are a major health burden in the
United States … Most of these illnesses are
preventable …
(In 2006) A total of 1,270 FBDOs (foodborne disease
outbreaks) were reported, resulting in 27,634 cases
and 11 deaths. Among the 624 FBDOs with a
confirmed etiology, norovirus was the most common
cause, accounting for 54% of outbreaks and 11,879
cases, followed by Salmonella (18% of outbreaks and
3,252 cases). …
Among outbreaks caused by a single food vehicle, the
most common food commodities to which outbreakrelated cases were attributed were poultry (21%), leafy
vegetables (17%), and fruits/nuts (16%).”
Editorial Note:
“The large and increasing number of outbreaks
attributed to norovirus indicates a need for improved
attention to preventing food contamination at the point
of service, because such outbreaks are largely
attributed to transmission by infected food handlers.”
Additional information on FBDOs is available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneoutbreaks.
Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of
Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly
Through Food --- 10 States, 2008, CDC MMWR,
Volume 58, No. 13.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5
813a2.htm
The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network
(FoodNet) collects data from 10 U.S. States on
diseases caused by pathogens transmitted commonly
through food. This report describes preliminary
surveillance data for 2008 and trends since 1996.
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
Eight state and federal laboratories collaborated on a study to determine the efficacy of a 24 hour, rapid method for detecting Salmonella in food. Eleven foods were tested - mashed potatoes, soft cheese, chili powder, chocolate, eggs, sprouts, apple juice, fish, shrimp, ground beef, and ground chicken. Each lab evaluated seven blind samples of each food.
Six of the seven samples were inoculated various Salmonella serotypes.
The samples were tested for Salmonella by using four methods, including the rapid PCR method being studied. Results provide a solid basis for using this
rapid screening method to detect Salmonella in foods. Salmonella and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Food Poisoning May Raise IBD Risk, BITES,
Kansas State University, Posted June 2, 1009
http://bites.ksu.edu/news/1168/09/06/02/denmark-foodpoisoning-may-raise-ibd-risk
Using national health records, Danish researchers
looked for two kinds of food poisoning: Salmonella and
campylobacter. They compared the records of 13,149
people treated for either infection to those of people
whose records revealed neither infection to see if the
first group was at greater risk of developing
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
The group who had suffered Salmonella or
campylobacter had a 1.2% risk of getting IBD over the
next 15 years. Those whose records revealed no
history of either infection had only a 0.5% risk of IBD.
Statistical analysis showed that the food-borne
infections tripled IBD risk for at least the next 15 years.
Dr. Henrik Neilsen, one of the authors of the research,
said, "If we can reduce and prevent the spread of food
bacteria and infections, we may reduce or even largely
eliminate IBD in the long term,"
Page 3 of 9
For Consumers
Other Information, Opportunities & Resources
A Quick Consumer Guide to Safe Food Handling,
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, adapted
by William Schafer, Univ. of Minnesota Extension.
Commodities Get Cool, Food Technology, March
2009
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/nutrition/DJ5
711.html
This booklet presents a HACCP-based approach to
home food safety. It was adapted by William Schafer
from a 1990 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food
Safety and Inspection Service handbook.
Kitchen Companion. Your Safe Food Handbook.
USDA, February 2008.
http://members.ift.org/NR/rdonlyres/ACB3F4EE-43E14742-8BDC-FE5D7BD151FD/0/0309featCool.pdfcool
This article provides an analysis of the COOL (Country
of origin labeling) law which took effect on March 16,
2009, six years after the 2002 Farm Bill required
retailers to inform consumers about the country of
origin of beef, lamb, pork, wild and farm-raised fish and
shellfish, perishable agricultural commodities, and
peanuts. (Chicken, goat, ginseng, pecans, and
macadamia nuts were added to the list in 2008). The
final rule was published in January 2009.
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/Kitchen_Companion.pdf
3.
This handbook is similar to the one above. The
extension booklet, however, is in one color, and may
be easier and less expensive to reproduce.
"Ask Karen,” USDA Food Safety and Inspection
Service (FSIS)
http://askkaren.gov
FSIS has improved the service of their 24 hour a day
virtual representative, "Ask Karen." Karen can answer
consumer questions about the foodborne illness
prevention, and safe food handling.
2010 Food Safety Education Conference:
"Advancements in Food Safety Education: Trends,
Tools and Technologies"
USDA and NSF International are hosting the 2010
Food Safety Education Conference, scheduled for
March 23-26, 2010, in Atlanta.
For more information and to register, visit:
http://www.fsis.usda.gov/atlanta2010/
USDA to Conduct First Wide-Scale Survey of
Organic Agriculture
http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Newsroom/2009/04_23
_2009.asp
In April, USDA announced its first-ever survey of
organic farming in the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
Vilsack said that the Organic Production Survey was a
“direct response to the growing interest in organics.”
The 2007 Census of Agriculture identified more than
20,000 organic farms in the U.S. The survey was sent
to all of them in May. Results will be published this
coming winter.
President’s Food Safety Working Group.
www.foodsafetyworkinggroup.gov
The new, federal Food Safety Working Group (FSWG)
led by the Secretaries of Agriculture, and Health and
Human Services is tasked with assessing the national
food safety network.
Their website will contain information on FSWG
activities, and include a link for website visitors to send
their suggestions and comments on improving food
safety in the U.S.
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
Page 4 of 9
Information from Industry
Waterborne Illness
Minnesota Restaurants by the Numbers
A Reminder to Report Waterborne Illness
http://www.restaurant.org/pdfs/research/state/minnesot
a.pdf
The National Restaurant Association and Hospitality
Minnesota provide insight into the important part that
Minnesota restaurants play in our economy:
• In 2007, there were 10,053 eating-and-drinking
establishments in Minnesota.
• Every $1 spent in Minnesota’s restaurants generates an additional $1.28 in sales • In 2009, 253,800 people will work in Minnesota
restaurant and foodservice jobs. (That’s about
one in nine Minnesota jobs.)
• In 2009, Minnesota restaurants are projected to
register $7.7 billion in sales.
Food and Health Survey
Waterborne Illness Information from CDC
International Food Information Council (IFIC)
Foundation 2009 Survey on Consumer Attitudes
toward Food, Nutrition and Health,
Pool Chemical--Associated Health Events in Public
and Residential Settings --- United States, 1983—
2007, CDC MMWR, Volume 58, No. 18. May 15, 2009
http://www.ific.org/research/foodandhealthsurvey.cfm
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5818
a1.htm?s_cid=mm5818a1_e
Results of IFIC’s fourth annual web-based survey of
consumer attitudes toward food and health showed
downward trends in nearly every food safety practice:
• 87 percent wash hands with soap and water
versus 92 percent in 2008
•
77 percent wash cutting boards with soap and
water or bleach (84 percent in 2008)
•
71 percent cook food to required temperature
(76 percent in 2008)
•
69 percent properly store leftovers within two
hours of serving (79 percent in 2008)
•
63 percent separate raw meat, poultry and
seafood from ready-to-eat food products (70
percent in 2008)
Seventy three percent of those surveyed believe that
food manufacturers are responsible for food safety.
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter CDC reports that pool chemical-associated injuries or
exposures lead to thousands of estimated annual
emergency department visits or actual poison center
consultations, respectively.
This report summarizes 36 pool chemical-associated
health events reported to the New York State
Department of Health for public venues from 1983 to
2006. Poor chemical handling and storage practices
were the primary contributing factors to these events.
Note that reporting of pool chemical-associated events
is not universally mandated, and no single surveillance
system exists to characterize completely the number of
exposures or injuries.
For more information:
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyswimming and
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyswimming/pdf/pool_chem_a
ssoc_inj.pdf.
Page 5 of 9
Fish and Seafood Guidance
Minnesota Drinking Water
Minnesota Fish Consumption Guidance, 2009
Annual MDH Report on Drinking Water
Monitoring test results for 2008 tend to reinforce
the conclusions of previous years. Although we
need to remain vigilant, Minnesotans can continue
to have confidence in their drinking water.
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/
report08.html
The main body of the report provides information about
Minnesota’s water supply systems that provide people
with drinking water in their places of residence.
The section on emerging issues contains information
on the security of water systems, an update on drinking
water standards that are being reviewed and revised,
and a look at challenges some water systems are
facing because of contaminated sources.
State's fish consumption guidelines help
consumers choose fish to protect health
www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/fish/index.html.
The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
(DNR), the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
(MPCA), and the Minnesota Department of Health
collaborate in producing the annual Fish Consumption
Advisory.
The Fish Consumption Advisory provides consumers
and fisher-people with the information they need to
make choices about the fish they eat.
Each year, the DNR collects fish from lakes and rivers
for testing. Minnesota has around 6,000 fishable lakes.
Fish from more than 1,000 lakes and streams in
Minnesota have been tested for contaminants.
Waters are selected for sampling where angling is
popular, where there is a known or suspected pollution
source, or where fish contaminant trends are being
tracked. Mercury is found in most fish tested from
Minnesota lakes. PCBs are found mainly in Lake
Superior and major rivers such as the Mississippi.
The guidelines are designed for two groups:
(1) children and women who are or may become pregnant, and (2) all other people. The 2009 guidance includes new data on mercury and levels of the perfluorochemicals (PFOS) in fish. PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
What Next?
Reusable grocery bags may pose a public health
risk, WorldNews, Toronto, May 19, 2009
http://article.wn.com/view/2009/05/20/Reusable_grocer
y_bags_may_pose_a_public_health_risk/
“The first study of its kind in North America” looked at
the potential for reusable grocery bags to become an
active bacterial growth habitat and breeding ground for
yeast and mold. Sure enough, “the strong presence of
yeasts in some bags indicates the presence of water
and microbial growth substrate (food). The yeasts are
thus a 'canary in the mine' confirming that microbes are
growing in the bag.” The Environment and Plastics
Industry Council agreed to fund further testing.
Zoo's Tainted Sno-Cones Sicken Four, USA Today,
May 9, 2009
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-05-30zoo-tainted-snow-cone_N.htm?csp=34
Four people became ill when a zoo employee poured a
degreasing agent into the sno-cone machine instead of
flavored syrup. The two bottles are the same size,
shape and color and accidentally got stocked next to
each other. The employee (who didn't read the labels)
later apologized to the families who got sick.
Page 6 of 9
Team D in the News
Salmonella Culprit Dinged by Minn. Agencies,
Foodie News, City Pages, January 14, 2009
http://blogs.citypages.com/food/2009/01/Salmonella_c
ulp.php
… The tag team effort between the state's Department
of Health and its Department of Agriculture has been
recognized by heavy-hitter news outlets including the
Washington Post, the New York Times and The Wall
Street Journal.
Minnesota’s “Team Diarrhea” Cracks Salmonella
SaintPaul Mystery, MarlerBlog, July 23, 2008
K U D O S to Team D and all the “little people”
(MDH, MDA, local public health and others) who
have helped to remind local and national
audiences so frequently during the past year that
in Minnesota (as in Lake Wobegon), “all the
women are strong, all the men are good looking,
and all the children are above average.”
‘Team Diarrhea' Helped State Crack Salmonella
Case - Minnesota investigators used bloodhoundlike sleuthing to ID the source of a mysterious
Salmonella outbreak: jalapeno peppers, Star
Tribune, July 24, 2008.
http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/health/25837094.ht
ml?location_refer=Homepage:highlightModules:1
Looking to Obama to Bring Logic to Food Safety,
New York Times, January 10, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/business/11feed.h
tml
Bill Marler, a personal-injury lawyer in Seattle who
represents clients in food poisoning cases, says the
first thing the Obama administration should do is invest
in better surveillance for food-borne illness, like a
system that Minnesota uses.
Minnesota Confirms Tainted Peanut Butter Link to
Salmonella Outbreak, Washington Post, January
13, 2009.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2009/01/12/AR2009011202800.html
Lab tests on a tainted tub of peanut butter produced a
genetic match to the strain of Salmonella that has
struck nationwide, Minnesota health officials reported
Monday.
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
http://www.Salmonellablog.com/2008/07/articles/Salmo
nella-outbreaks/minnesotas-team-diarrhea-cracksSalmonella-saintpaul-mystery
Did one state with its act together on food poisoning
cases crack the Salmonella Saintpaul outbreak when
all the expertise of the federal government ended up
looking like the keystone cops?
The Minneapolis Star-Tribune in a story published on
its website tonight, says the answer to that question
would be: "Yah, sure! You betcha!"
When Food Illnesses Spread, Minnesota Team
Gets the Call, USA TODAY, March 6, 2009
http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/200903-04-food-illness-detection_N.htm
… Without the Minnesota break — and the presence of
a cluster of cases from a confined population such as
the nursing home's — the outbreak "could have
dragged on for who knows how long," says Tom
Safranek, state epidemiologist in Nebraska.
Senator Klobuchar Pushes for Rapid Response to
Foodborne Ills - She Will Introduce Legislation with
Minnesota as a National Model, Press Release, May
28, 2009
Klobuchar … highlighted the collaborative work
involving the Minnesota Department of Health,
Minnesota Department of Agriculture and the
University of Minnesota. This Minnesota model
includes Team D (for “Team Diarrhea”), a group of
investigators that races into action when there are
suspected cases of foodborne illness in the state.
“The nation should not have to wait until someone in
Minnesota gets sick or dies before there is an effective
national response to a large-scale outbreak of
foodborne illness,” said Klobuchar.
Page 7 of 9
US: Fast-acting 'Team D' sleuths out sources of
foodborne illness. ConsumerReports.org, June
2009.
http://blogs.consumerreports.org/safety/2009/06/univer
sity-of-minnesota-school-of-public-health-team-ddiarrhea-foodborn-illness-Salmonella-ecoli.html
Graduate students in the University of Minnesota
School of Public Health vie to get on an elite team,
even if they have to put up with its icky nickname—
Team D. That's D as in diarrhea. The team's claim to
fame is the speed at which it has tracked down the
culprits in several recent high-profile outbreaks of
foodborne illness involving Salmonella and E. coli.
Team D played a vital role in figuring out that jalapeño
peppers were behind a nationwide outbreak of
Salmonella last summer, accurately contradicting the
best guesses of federal food-safety officials that
tomatoes were the likely source. Earlier this year,
Team D played a similarly critical role in identifying
institutional jars of peanut butter as the source of a
cluster of Salmonella cases in Minnesota, a finding that
ultimately led to one of the largest food recalls in U.S.
history by the Peanut Corporation of America.
So what’s the secret? It’s pretty simple: The students
lose no time getting on the phone with every person in
the state who has reported contracting a foodborne
illness, quizzing them about what they ate and where
they ate it in the days before they became ill. All that
information is immediately sent to epidemiologists and
other disease-detecting experts at the Minnesota
Department of Health ….
Food Safety Partnership, June 23, 2009 Field Trip
On June 23, 2009, the Minnesota Food Safety
Partnership held its first annual summer field trip Understanding Two Local Food Production Systems.
About 30 attendees representing University of
Minnesota Extension, Washington and Lake Counties,
Cities of Edina and St. Paul, Caribou Coffee,
Minnesota Beef Council, BASF Chemicals, and MDH
staff from Health Risk Assessment, Non-Community
Water Systems, Epidemiology, and Environmental
Health Services were joined by newly appointed
Environmental Health Division Director, Linda
Bruemmer.
The next stop was at Gardens of Eagan Organic Farm
in Eureka Township near Farmington, where the group
enjoyed lunch under 300 year old oak tree, followed by
a tour of the fields and facilities guided by Gardens of
Eagan founder, Atina Diffley.
In the morning the group toured Cedar Summit Farm,
in New Prague, visiting barns and pastures, finishing
with a stop in the Cedar Summit store for ice-cream.
Their guide at Cedar Summit was Dave Minar, third
generation owner of Cedar Summit.
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
Page 8 of 9
Food Safety Partnership, June 23, 2009 Field Trip Photos Courtesy of Karen Everstine
PWDU Staff Contact Information
April Bogard Supervisor, Partnership and Workforce
Development Unit
[email protected]
651-201-5076,
612-296-8118
Deborah Durkin, Food Safety Partnership, newsletter,
manual, food safety education
[email protected]
651-201-4509,
651-295-5392
Maggie Edwards, administrative support
[email protected]
651-201-4506
Lynne Markus, web content, emergency response,
factsheet development
[email protected]
651-201-4498
Michael Nordos, training, program evaluation,
standardization
[email protected]
651-201-4511,
651-775-6234
Cathy Odinot, training, program evaluation, consulting
team
[email protected]
651-201-4843,
651-373-7381
MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Orville L. Freeman Building
625 North Robert Street
Saint Paul, Minnesota 55155
PWDU Quarterly Newsletter
http://www.health.state.mn.us/ehs
http://www.health.state.mn.us/foodsafety
Page 9 of 9