Matakuliah
: G1184 Travel Management
Tahun
: 2005
Pertemuan ke-: 25
Chapter 8
(Power Point 25.1)
Pokok Bahasan: Financial Matters
Materi:
 Tour Operators’ Other Sources of Income
 Operators’ Costs
 Keeping Costs Down
 Surcharges
Learning Outcomes Chapter 8
(Power Point 25.2)
Pada akhir pertemuan ke-25, diharapkan
mahasiswa akan mampu :
• menguraikan mengenai surcharges yang dikenakan
untuk pemesanan suatu perjalanan (TIK 45)
• mengambil langkah-langkah untuk menekan harga suatu
perjalanan (TIK 46)
• menyebutkan beberapa sumber pemasukan lain dari
tour operators (TIK 47)
• mengidentifikasi beberapa jenis pengeluaran dari tour
operator (TIK 48)
(Power Point 25.3)
Most operators work on
a 90% load factor.
It means that they must sell
90% of their seats
to break even.
(Power Point 25.4)
Deposits
• Tour operators will normally make a booking in return for a deposit
payment provided it is > 8–10 weeks before departure date.
• Sometimes the insurance premium is included in the deposit sum,
but as a separate amount.
• Low deposits are offered as incentives to encourage early booking,
but full normal deposit is charged if cancalled.
• Deposits are not normally refundable and vary in amount.
• When bookings are made within 10 weeks of departure date,
payment must usually be made in full before the operator confirm
the reservation.
(Power Point 25.5)
Because exchange rates change,
it will be possible for 2 operators
using the same aircraft and hotels
to come up with different holiday prices
just because they have based
their costing on exchange rates
at different times in the year.
(Power Point 25.6)
In particular, the pricing of
holiday components is calculated
in US dollars for many other countries
than just the United States,
so fluctuations in the value of the dollar
can affect prices of holidays
as far apart as China and South America.
(Power Point 25.7)
Child discounts
• Large tour operators normally offer discounted holidays
for children, defined as aged 2 to 11 or 12.
• Infants < 2 are normally carried free provided they sit on
a parent’s lap on the flight.
• To qualify for a discount, a child usually has to be
sharing a room with two full fare-paying adults.
(Power Point 25.8)
Definition of ‘Surcharges’
A ‘surcharge’ is:
a supplementary amount requested
from clients after the booking has been
confirmed by the operator and which is
levied in addition to the originally
confirmed holiday price