Matakuliah
Tahun
: G0374/Business Writing
: September 2006
The Nature of Communication
What is Communication?
Methods of Communication
Choosing the Means of Communication
Key Stages of Communication
Barriers to Communication
Communication systems
Pertemuan 1
1
Communication
Communication may be defined as giving,
receiving or exchanging information,
opinion or ideas by writing, speech or
visual means, so that the material
communicated is completely understood
by everyone concerned.
2
Methods of Communication
• Internal Communication
• External Communication
3
Internal Communication
Telephone
Messages
Memo
Intercom
Report
Graphs/
Charts
Staff
newsletter
ORAL
Face-to-face
Meeting/
Conference
Presentation
INTERNAL
Communication
WRITTEN
Email
Minutes
Form/
Questionnaire
Fax
Notice
4
Conversation
Conference/
Seminar
Telephone
Presentation
Meeting
ORAL
EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION
Leaflet/
Brochure
Letter
WRITTEN
Email
Invitation
Fax
Forms/
Questionnaire
Press release
Report
Customer
Newsletter
Advertisement
Notice
Graphs/chart
5
Choosing the Means of
Communication
• Cost
• Confidentiality
• Safety and security
• Influence
• Urgency
• Distance
• Time of day
• Resources
• Written record
• Recipient
6
Key Stages of Communication
7
Barriers to Communication
• Non-verbal signals
• Language
• Listening
• Pre-judgment
• Relationships
• Emotional responses
• Systems
8
Communication systems
• Downward communication
• Upward communication
• Horizontal communication
• Diagonal communication
9