PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING
IN MINNESOTA
Presented to the MERC Advisory Committee
February 10, 2014
Trisha A. Stark, Ph.D., LP, MPA
Legislative Consultant, Minnesota Psychological Association
• Are health professionals and
mental health professionals
• Are trained in psychotherapy or
Psychologists
counseling, psychological
testing, consultation, research,
ethics, and a broad range of
psychological phenomena
• Doctoral psychologists are
generally considered the most
intensively-trained
professionals providing
psychotherapy/counseling and
assessment
Psychologists
work in
diverse
settings,
where they
provide
multiple
services
• Clinics
• Hospitals
• Agencies
• Schools
• Correctional facilities
• Independent practice
Psychology
Practice
Act
• Minnesota Statutes 148.88-
148.98
• Administrative Rules
7200.0110--7200.6105
Scope of Practice
• "Practice of psychology" means the observation,
description, evaluation, interpretation, or modification of
human behavior by the application of psychological
principles, methods, or procedures for any reason,
including to prevent, eliminate, or manage symptomatic,
maladaptive, or undesired behavior and to enhance
interpersonal relationships, work, life and developmental
adjustment, personal and organizational effectiveness,
behavioral health, and mental health. The practice of
psychology includes, but is not limited to, the following
services, regardless of whether the provider receives
payment for the services:
Scope of Practice, continued
• (1) psychological research and teaching of psychology;
(2) assessment, including psychological testing and other
means of evaluating personal characteristics such as
intelligence, personality, abilities, interests, aptitudes, and
neuropsychological functioning;
(3) a psychological report, whether written or oral, including
testimony of a provider as an expert witness, concerning
the characteristics of an individual or entity;
Scope of Practice, continued
•(4) psychotherapy, including but not limited to, categories
such as behavioral, cognitive, emotive, systems,
psychophysiological, or insight-oriented therapies;
counseling; hypnosis; and diagnosis and treatment of:
• (i) mental and emotional disorder or disability;
(ii) alcohol and substance dependence or abuse;
(iii) disorders of habit or conduct;
(iv) the psychological aspects of physical illness or condition, accident, injury,
or disability, including the psychological impact of medications;
(v) life adjustment issues, including work-related and bereavement issues;
• (vi) child, family, or relationship issues;
• (5) psychoeducational services and treatment; and
• (6) consultation and supervision.
History of Licensure
• Prior to 1991, two levels of licensure based upon degree
• LP Licensed Psychologist (Master’s degree)
• LCP Licensed Consulting Psychologist (Doctoral
degree)
• 1991 single level licensure requiring doctoral level training
• LP Licensed Psychologist
• 2011 LPP-Licensed Psychological Practitioner sunsets
Some Numbers
• Licensed Psychologists In Minnesota
• 3900
• Approximate New Licensees/Year
• 100
• Mean Age Of Doctoral Psychologists
• 54
Types of Doctoral Training
Ph.D./Ed.D.
• Typically based at large
•
•
•
•
Universities
Careers in academia or
clinical practice
Requires empirical
dissertation/thesis
More prepared to conduct
research
Grants and Fellowships
cover most of educational
costs
Psy.D.
• Typically based in smaller
•
•
•
•
universities with a few
freestanding or on line
programs
Larger class size
Focus on clinical practice
Higher proportion of costs
through student loans
Tend to score lower on
national exam
Recognized
Specialties
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Clinical Neuropsychology
Clinical Health Psychology
Psychoanalysis in Psychology
School Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Clinical Child Psychology
Counseling Psychology
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology
Forensic Psychology
Family Psychology
Professional Geropsychology
Police & Public Safety Psychology
Sleep Psychology
• Biofeedback: Applied
Psychophysiology
Recognized
Proficiencies
• Psychopharmacology
• Treatment of Alcohol and Other
Psychoactive Substance Use
Disorders
• Sport Psychology
• Assessment and Treatment of
Serious Mental Illness
• Personality Assessment
Estimated Cost: Pre-Doctoral Internship
Training
• $37,250 required of sites
• $24,000 approximate internship stipend
Based upon information provided by Dr. William Robiner, Licensed Psychologist, Director of Internship Training,
University of Minnesota Medical School
Frequency Distribution of Doctoral
Psychologists by Age
Based on Board of Psychology 2011
Professional Requirements for Licensure
• Complete coursework at a regionally accredited
doctoral program in psychology that meets
course requirements for American Psychological
Association-accredited programs (see course
grid)
• Complete1500 hours of practicum training
• Complete 2000 hour Pre-doctoral internship
Professional Requirements for Licensure
• Complete 2,000 hour supervised post-doctoral
training
• Pass the Examination for Professional Practice in
Psychology (EPPP- i.e., national test)
• Pass the Minnesota Board of Psychology
Professional Responsibility Exam (PRE; i.e., state
test)
11 Counties
Without
Psychologists
Big Stone
Kittson
Lac Qui Parle
Lake of the Woods
Mahnomen
Murray
Norman
Red Lake
Sibley
Traverse
Based on
2011 Data
Psychologists
per County
Measure
Degree Granted
Graduates 2012-2013
Mean years to complete
% of original Applicant pool APA
accredited internship
University of
Minnesota
Ph.D.
University of St.
Thomas
Psy.D.
Argosy
University
Psy.D.
1
39
5.9 years
10
Students enter with
Master's 3.95 years
6.51 years
86%
29%
26%
# of original applicant pool APPIC
% of original applicant pool
receiving paid internship
%of original applicant pool other
internship
0%
53%
63%
86%
88%
91%
0%
6%
0%
% of degreed licensed 2003-2011
48%*
71%
76%
$15,008**
$23,100
$37,184
11%
0%
21%
0-33%
0-13%
14-26%
91.67%
47.56%
69.15%
Tuition full time per year
Attrition 2012-2013
Attrition % range 2006-2013
Pass rate for EPPP in 2007-2012
*graduates often leave the state
for faculty positions
**most students qualify for
fellowships or work-study to
cover costs
Students can receive loans
Students can receive loans
American Psychological Association
Accredited Internship Sites:
• Canvas Health
• Children’s Hospitals and Clinics
• Federal Medical Center- Rochester
• Hamm Clinic
• Hazelden Foundation
• Hennepin County Medical Center
• Minnesota VA Health Care System
• University of Minnesota Medical School
• University of Minnesota, University Counseling & Consulting
Services
• State Operated Forensic Services- St. Peter
• University of St. Thomas Counseling & Psychological Services
• Washburn Center for Children
Funding Sources for APA Internships
Federal
• Veterans Administration
Health Center
• Federal Medical Center-Rochester
State
• State Operated Forensic
Services- St. Peter
APA-Accredited Internships With No
External Support
• Canvas Health
• Children’s Hospitals and Clinics
• Hamm Clinic
• Hazelden Foundation- Center City
• Hennepin County Medical Center
• U of M Medical School
• U of M Counseling Services
• Washburn Children’s Services
• St. Thomas University Counseling
Services
APPIC Member Internships With No
External Support
• Arrowhead Psychological Services
• Headway Emotional Health Services
• Indian Health Board
• Mental Health Systems
• Minnesota Department of Corrections- Bayport
• Minneapolis Internship Consortium
• Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Internship Consortium
• Minnesota Sex Offender Program- Moose Lake
• Natalis Counseling & Psychology Solutions
• Nystrom and Associates
• Range Mental Health- Hibbing
• The Emily Program
• Aging of the profession’s workforce
• Limited availability of practicum
Challenges
For the
Profession
of
Psychology
training sites
• Limited availability of accredited
internship sites (nationally, 4200
applicants for 3400 APPIC
internship slots)
• Impact of Health Reform and the
need for integration
• Need for more psychologists,
especially to serve under-served
populations (e.g., children, rural,
geriatric, diverse communities)
• Agencies can no longer
Challenges
for the
Profession
of
Psychology
afford to provide post-degree
supervision required for
licensure
• Greater expense attracts
students to other mental
health professions requiring
only a Master’s degree
• Reimbursement issues for
psychological testing and
therapy for trainees
• Training is not in step with
Challenges
for the
Profession
of
Psychology
changes in the health care
system
• Debt: Majority of licensed
psychologists attend Psy.D.
programs (some are for-profit)
and incur hefty debt of
$50,000 to$120,000
• Mechanisms are needed to
expand distribution of
psychologists throughout the
state
• Is critical to health and mental
health
Psychology
• Most patient visits to primary
care physicians have
psychological or behavioral
components
• Behavioral adherence is
critical to cost-effective care
• Behavioral factors contribute to
morbidity (e.g., obesity) and
premature mortality
Psychology
is an
essential
health
profession
• Like other health professions,
psychology deserves state
funding to ensure an
adequate workforce to meet
the needs of Minnesota
Citizens, especially
underserved populations
THANK YOU
Trisha A. Stark, Ph.D., LP, MPA
952-457-3431
[email protected]