Matakuliah : F0184/Audit atas Kecurangan
Tahun
: 2007
Basic Fraud Audit
Pertemuan VII
Learning Outcomes
• Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu mengidentifikasi
langkah-langkah dalam melakukan audit atas
kecurangan
• Mahasiswa dapat melihat red flag atau symptom atas
suatu kejadian didalam setiap transaksi
• Mahasiswa dapat melakukan audit atas kecurangan
3
Bina Nusantara
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
Audit Step
Audit Guidance
Audit Plan
Identify fraud scheme and red flag
4
Bina Nusantara
Audit Strategies for Detecting Fraud
• Financial Audit
• Passive Approach
• Fraud Audit
• Proactive Approach
• Investigation
• Reactive Approach
5
Bina Nusantara
Scheme
The first thing that we should do is building the fraud
scheme into our audit plan. Below is the following step:
 Identify the fraud schemes that are relevant to audit
systems
 Determine the quality of audit evidence to provide audit
assurance
 Consider sampling technique as to size
 Understand the money trail in relation to fraud scheme
 Build in skepticism
6
Bina Nusantara
Audit Step to Identify Fraud
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify the transactions and the fraud scheme
Identify the concealment technique
Consider true economic substance of the transaction
Validate to outside source
Check payments for non-performance service
Make sure whether Managing Director selected vendor
and authorized payment
7
Bina Nusantara
OCCUPATIONAL FRAUD AND ABUSE
Corruption
Asset
Misappropriation
Fraudulent
Statement
8
Bina Nusantara
Bina Nusantara
Bina Nusantara
9
CORRUPTION
Bribery
Economic
extortion
Conflicts
of interest
Illegal Gratuities
10
Bina Nusantara
Bribery
Invoice
kickback
Bid rigging
11
Bina Nusantara
Kickback Scheme
Diverting business to vendor
Overbilling schemes
• Employees with approval authority
• Fraudster lacking approval authority
12
Bina Nusantara
Kickback Modus
13
Bina Nusantara
Bid-rigging Scheme
Can be categories based on stage of bidding
• The pre-solicitation phase
– Need recognition schemes
– Specification schemes
• The solicitation phase
– Bus pooling
– Fictitious suppliers
– Other methods
• The submission phase
14
Bina Nusantara
Bid-rigging Modus
15
Bina Nusantara
Bribery Detection
Red flags that may indicate that employee are involve in a
bribery scheme :
–
–
–
–
–
General purchasing
Pre-bid solicitation
Bid solicitation
Bid or contract acceptance
Behavior profile of bribery recipient
16
Bina Nusantara
General Purchasing Red Flag
•
•
•
•
Material ordered at optimal reorder point ?
Made from the same vendor ?
Establish bidding policies being followed ?
Cost of material out of line ?
17
Bina Nusantara
Prebid solicitation
•
•
•
•
Tailoring specification and statement
Using “prequalification” procedures to restrict competition
Noncompetitive procurement justification
Buyer provide to contractor information on a preferential
basis
• Use information provide by contractor who will be
permitted to bid
• Permitted consultant who assisted in preparing biding
document
• Spitting cost into separate contract
18
Bina Nusantara
Bid Solicitation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Limiting time for submission
Revealing information to contractor
Permit improper communication between contractor
Failure to ensure a sufficient number of potential
competitors
Bid solicitations are vague
Inadequate internal control over
Improper communication by purchaser
Financial interest by purchaser
Assistance by purchaser
etc
19
Bina Nusantara
Bid or Contract Acceptance
• Restricting procurement to exclude any qualified
contractor
• Improper acceptance of late bid
• Falsification of document
• Change in a bid after other bidder’s price known
• Withdrawal of low bidder who may become a
subcontractor to the higher bidder who gets the contract
• Collusion between bidders
• Revealing one bidder’s price to another
• False certification by contractor.
20
Bina Nusantara
Behavior Profile of Bribery Recipient
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A drug and/or alcohol addition
Personal financial problems
A gambling habit
Extravagant lifestyle
Loan shark or other private debt
Family supported by the subject
Extraordinary medical expense
Significant cash expense for entertainment
and/or travel
21
Bina Nusantara
Bribery Prevention
• Bribery prevention policy (Business Ethic or code of
conduct policy)
A company policy that specifically addresses the
problems and illegalities associated with bribery and
related offense, such
–
–
–
–
–
Gift
Reporting gift
Discount
Business meeting
Entertainment
22
Bina Nusantara