STANDARD COSTING
SETTING STANDARDS AND
ANALYZING VARIANCES
STANDARD COST

Karakteristik :
a. Biaya yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya
untuk memproduksi satu atau lebih unit
selama suatu periode tertentu.
b. Memiliki 2 komponen,yaitu :
Physical standard (standar fisik=standar
input untuk per unit output)
Price standard (standard harga=standar
harga untuk per unit input)
Usefulness of Standard Costs
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Establishing Budgets
Controlling costs by motivating employees and
measuring operating efficiencies
Simplifying costing procedures and expediting
cost reports
Assigning cost to materials, work in process, and
finished goods inventories.
Establishing contract bids and setting prices
Setting Standards

Physical Standard, meliputi :
Basic Standard dan Current Standard
Basic Standard ( Standar Dasar ) :
Tolok ukur yang digunakan untuk membandingkan kinerja yang
diperkirakan dengan kinerja aktual.
Current Standard ( Standar Sekarang )
meliputi :
a. Expected Actual Standard
Standar yang paling mendekati dengan hasil aktual
b. Normal Standard
Standar dalam kondisi normal, menantang namun dicapai
Setting Standards

c. Theoretical Standard
Standard maksimum yang dicita
-citakan untuk dicapai suatu saat nanti.
Determining Standard Cost
Variances

Materials Standards & Variances, meliputi
Price standard, materials quantity dan usage standard.
.. Price standard, dapat digunakan untuk :
Memantau kinerja Dept. pembelian
Mengukur dampak naik/turun harga thp.laba
Price variances terjadi bila Actual price tidak sama
dengan Standard price.
Materials Standards and Variances
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Bila price variances dicatat saat pembelian material
materials purchase price variances.
Note : Supaya dept. pembelian bertanggung jawab atas
hasil pembelian bahan bakunya maka variances
sebaiknya dicatat saat pembelian.
Tapi bila price variances dicatat saat penggunaan 
materials price usage variances
Figure 18-1 page 18-6 merupakan dasar bagi
perhitungan berikutnya.
Materials Standards and Variance

Materials Purchase Price Variance (MPPV)
Q
x UC
= Amount
Actual Q Purchased
10.000 x 7.44(A) = 74.400
Actual Q Purchased
10.000 x 7.50(S) = 75.000
Materials Purchase Price Variance
10.000 x (0.6)
= (600) F
.. Materials Price Usage Variance (MPUV)
Actual Q Used
Actual Q Used
Materials Price Usage Variance
.. Materials Inventory Variance ( MIV) :
9.500 x 7.44(A) = 70.680
9.500 x 7.50(S) = 71.250
9.500 x (0.6)
= (570) F
Materials Standards and Variances
.. Materials Inventory Variance (MIV)
Q x UC =
 Actual Q Purchased
10.000 x 7.5(S)
Actual Q Used
9.500 x 7.5(S)
Materials Inventory V
500 x 7.5(S)
Amount
= 75.000
= 71.250
= 3.750 UF
.. Materials Quantity/Usage Variance
Actual Q Used
9.500 x 7.5(S) = 71.250
Standard Q Allowed
9.336 x 7.5(S) = 70.020
Materials Q Variance
164 x 7.5(S) = 1.230 UF
Labor Standards and Variances
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Labor Rate Variance
Actual Hours Work
Actual Hours Work
Labor Rate Variance
Q
UC
Amount
1.632 x 12.50(A) = 20.400
1.632 x 12.00(S) = 19.584
1.642 x 0.5
=
816 UF
.. Labor Efficiency Variance
Actual Hours Work
1.632 x 12.00(S) = 19.584
Standard Hours Allowed1.504 x 12.00(S) = 18.048
Labor Efficiency Variance 128 x 12.00(S) = 1.536 UF
Factory Overhead Standards and
Variances

Penentuan Tariff ( pada Kapasitas normal)
Total Factory Overhead : Activity
Information :
Actual FOH
24.422
Standards Hours allowed for actual production (4.512 x 1/3 standard
labor hour per unit)
1.504
Actual direct labor hours used
1.632
.. Overall FOH Variances
Actual FOH
FOH chargeable to work in process standard
(1.504 standard hours allowed x $15
Overall or net FOH Variance
24.422
22.560
1.862 UF
Factory Overhead Standards and
Variances, 2-Variance Method
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Two-Variances Method :
Controllable Variance
Actual FOH …………………………. 24.422
Budget Allowance based on standards hours allowed :
Variable FOH (1.504 SH)x$3 variable
overhead rate
4.512
Budget Fixed FOH
19.200
23.712
CONTROLLABLE VARIANCE
710 UF
Factory Overhead Standards and
Variances, 2-Variance Method
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Volume Variance :
Budget allowance based on standard hour
allowed
23.712
FOH chargeable to work in process at
standard (1.504 SH allowedx$15standard
overhead rate)
22.560
VOLUME VARIANCE
1.152 UF
Factory Overhead Standards and
Variances, 3-Variance Method

Spending Variance
Actual FOH incurred
24.422
Budget allowance based on actual hours :
Variable overhead (1.632 AH x$3 variable
overhead rate
4.896
Budget fixed overhead
19.200
24.096
SPENDING VARIANCE
326 UF
Factory Overhead Standards and
Variances, 3-Variance Method

Variable Efficiency Variance
Budget allowance based on Actual Hours
worked
24.096
Budget allowance based on Standard
Hours allowed
23.712
VARIABLE EFFICIENCY VARIANCE 384 UF
Factory Overhead Standards and
Variances, 3-Variance Method


Volume Variance
3-Variance Method :
Spending Variance
Variable Efficiency Variance
Volume Variance
Total
$ 1.152 UF
326 UF
384 UF
1.152 UF
1.862 UF