Matakuliah : E1112/ Mitos, Legenda dan Tradisi
China
Tahun
: 2008
Chóngyángjié 重陽節
Dōngjié 冬節
Pertemuan ke-13
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Chóngyángjié 重陽節
The Double Ninth Festival ( 重九;
Chóngjiǔ )
• 重陽節; Chóngyángjié or Chung Yeung
Festival in Hong Kong),
observed on the ninth day of the ninth
month in the Chinese calendar is a
traditional Chinese holiday,
mentioned in writing since before the
East Han period (thus, before AD 25).
• According to the I Ching, 9 is the yang
number;
the 9th day of the 9th lunar month
(or double nine) has too much yang
(a traditional Chinese spiritual concept)
and is thus a potentially dangerous date.
Hence, the day is also called
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"Double Yang Festival" (重陽節).
Custom celebration
To protect against the danger,
it is customary :
• to climb a high mountain,
• drink chrysanthemum wine,
and
• wear the zhuyu (茱萸) plant,
(Cornus officinalis.)
(Both chrysanthemum
and zhuyu are considered to
have cleansing qualities
and are used on other
occasions to air out
houses and cure illnesses.)
• visit the graves of their
ancestors to pay their
respects.
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Stores sell rice cakes (糕 "gāo",
a homonym for height 高) inserted
with mini colorful flags to
represent zhuyu.
Mountain climbing races are also
popular; winners get to wear a
wreath made of zhuyu.
Most people drink chrysanthemum
tea, while a few strict
traditionalists drink homemade
chrysanthemum wine.
Children in school learn poems about
chrysanthemums, and many
localities host a chrysanthemum
exhibit.
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Custom celebration
Asal mula ritual Mendaki Gunung :
2 cerita (Chuang Fang & Kaisar lalim kebanjiran)
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Ritual 九皇爷
Dewa 9 Kaisar adalah
• anak dari Dewi Langit
• perwujudan dari 9 Kaisar Kuno
• sering digambarkan sebagai
seorang dewa yang memiliki 4
pasang tangan.
Ritual ;
• Potong lidah &
darahnya untuk menulis
Hu/Fu
• Injak Bara
Jalan di bara api sambil
membawa tandu Dewa
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"Senior Citizens' Day" (Hari Orang Tua)
• In 1966, the Republic of China
(Taiwan Province) rededicated
the holiday as "Senior Citizens'
Day" , underscoring one
custom as it is observed in
China, where the festival is
also an opportunity to care for
and appreciate the elderly.
• On this day, senior people go
out and enjoy themselves very
much.
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Dōngjié 冬節
As early as 2,500 years ago, about the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476
BC), China had determined the point of Winter Solstice by observing
movements of the sun with a sundial.The traditional East Asian calendars
divide a year into 24 solar terms (節氣).
Dōngzhì 冬至; literally: "winter solstice") is the 22nd solar term.
It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 270° and ends
when it reaches the longitude of 285°.
It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the
celestial longitude of 270°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins
around December 21 (December 22 East Asia time) and ends around
January 5
The Northern hemisphere on this day experiences the shortest daytime and
longest nighttime. After the Winter Solstice, days will become longer and
longer.
The origins of this festival can be traced back to the Yin and Yang philosophy
of balance and harmony in the cosmos. After this celebration, there will be
days with longer daylight hours and therefore an increase in positive energy
flowing in. The philosophical significance of this is symbolized by the I
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Dongzhi originally celebration
• In China, Dongzhi was originally celebrated as an end-of-harvest
festival.
• The Winter Solstice became a festival during the Han Dynasty (206
BC-220 AD) and thrived in the Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279).
• The Han people regarded Winter Solstice as a "Winter Festival", so
officials would organize celebrating activities.
• On this day, both officials and common people would have a rest.
The army was stationed in, frontier fortresses closed and business
and traveling stopped.
• Relatives and friends presented to each other delicious food.
• In the Tang and Song dynasties, the Winter Solstice was a day to
offer scarifies to Heaven and ancestors. Emperors would go to
suburbs to worship the Heaven; while common people offered
sacrifices to their deceased parents or other relatives.
• The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) even had the record that "Winter
Solstice is as formal as the Spring Festival," showing the great
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importance attached to this day.
Dongzhi & Tangyuan 汤圆
(Indonesia : “makan onde”)
Today, Dongzhi is observed with a family reunion
over the long night, when pink and white
tangyuan are eaten in sweet broth to
symbolise family unity and prosperity
Tāngyuán is a Chinese food made from glutinous
rice flour mixed with a small amount of water
to form balls and is then cooked and served in
boiling water.
Tangyuan can be either filled or unfilled.
Sweet fillings can be:
Sesame paste (ground black sesame seeds
mixed with sugar and lard) - the most common
filling;
Red bean paste;
Chopped peanuts and sugar.
Savoury filling is usually a pork meat ball.
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It is traditionally eaten during Yuanxiao, or the
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Dumpling 饺子
In some parts of Northern China, people eat
dumpling soup on this Dongzhi day; while
residents of some other places eat
dumplings, saying doing so will keep them
from frost in the upcoming winter.
It is said to have originated from Zhang
Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty.
On one cold winter day, he saw the poor
suffering from chilblains on their ears.
Feeling sympathetic, he ordered his
apprentices to make dumplings with lamb
and other ingredients, and distribute them
among the poor to keep them warm, to
keep their ears from getting chilblains.
Since the dumplings were shaped like ears,
Zhang named the dish "qǜ hán jiāo ěr
tāng" or dumpling soup that expels the
cold. From that time on, it has been a
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tradition to eat dumplings on the day of
Taiwan custom
The Taiwan people even keep the custom of offering ninelayer cakes to their ancestors.
They make cakes in the shape of chicken, duck, tortoise,
pig, cow or sheep with glutinous rice flour and steam
them on different layers of a pot. These animals all
signify auspiciousness in Chinese tradition.
People of the same surname or family clan gather at their
ancestral temples to worship their ancestors in age
order.
After the sacrificial ceremony, there is always a grand
banquet.
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