Drinking Water Revolving Fund Takes Off By John Schnickel The Drinking Water Revolving Fund (DWRF) has now been launched, the Intended Use Plan (IUP) has been established, and eligible communities can begin the loan application process. (Editor’s Note: A copy of the IUP is included as an insert in this edition.) Approximately $46 million is available for this year’s loans. The fund will be used to provide below market rate loans for public water infrastructure improvements. Priorities are to protect public health, achieve or maintain compliance with drinking water regulations, and provide financing for communities that are in financial need. The program is modeled after the Clean Water Revolving Fund. In May and June, informational meetings were held around the state and letters sent notifying people that proposals could be submitted for placement on the Health Department’s project priority list (PPL) and the Public Facilities Authority’s IUP. The Health Department uses the PPL to identify and prioritize eligible projects. The Public Facilities Authority uses the IUP to identify which projects can be funded with available money. A program goal was to provide funding as soon as possible. To do this, proposals were being sought while rules were being finalized. Ultimately the rules took two weeks longer to promulgate than anticipated, so the deadline for receiving proposals was delayed two weeks, until late September. The extended deadline occurred when the Health Department’s engineers, who were responsible for reviewing proposals, were at the American Water Works Association conference in Detroit Lakes. At the deadline the proposals streamed down on the department’s main office like confetti at a New Year’s party. Thanks to overnight mail, the engineers received them in Detroit Lakes. Much to the engineers’ chagrin, when the daily conference sessions were over, the engineers remained squirreled away, reviewing stacks of proposals while their co-workers played golf and enjoyed the fantastic autumn weather. One-hundred-eleven water supply systems submitted proposals, which covered 203 projects. Approximately twenty-three percent of the projects fell in each of four broad categories: wells, treatment plants, storage tanks, and distribution systems. Just under seven percent of the projects fell in a miscellaneous category that included system consolidation, interconnection, and computer operations. Communities with the 58 highest rated projects were notified they could apply for funding. Seventy-eight percent of these communities had populations Winter 1997-98 Inside:New Criteria for Water/Wastewater Courses Rich Prairie Water and Sewer District Water Operator School News Wellhead Protection Volume Five/3 under 3,300, 15 percent had from 3,300 to 10,000 people, and 7 percent had over 10,000 people. Forty percent of these projects were for wells, 31 percent for treatment plants, 9 percent for water storage, 10 percent for watermains, and 10 percent for miscellaneous projects. Although some of the communities have begun the loan application process, no money can be lent until the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approves the IUP along with the rest of Minnesota’s grant application. These materials have been forwarded to the EPA and are expected to be approved before the end of the year. Some of the communities will not likely be ready to proceed with their projects within the next six months. When this happens, money will be freed up to fund projects, in sequential order, that are listed further down on the Intended Use Plan. Also, funds will be available for new loans on at least an annual basis. When this happens, communities will be notified and proposals accepted for inclusion on the existing project priority list and to create a new intended use plan. John Schnickel is the DWRF Program Coordinator for the Minnesota Department of Health. Upcoming Certification Exam Dates March 26, Rochester April 3, Bloomington May 22, Ely See calendar on back page for more information New Criteria for Approval of Water and Wastewater Courses The Water Supply Systems and Wastewater Treatment Facilities Advisory Council has developed criteria for approval of contact hours for certificate renewal. The criteria used by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) is provided below and on page 3. Since several organizations provide training opportunities for operators, it was felt that this criteria would create a consistency of quality. 1. In order for a course to be considered as an approved training course, the sponsor must submit the following information at least 30 days prior to the course: A. Written objective(s) that describe expected outcome(s) for the participant; B. A summary of the credentials of the persons conducting the training, demonstrating the trainers’ knowledge about water or wastewater and specifying the subject area that the trainers will be responsible for; C. A training plan that demonstrates how the course will meet the requirements described below, including a method of evaluating successful completions; and D. A description of how much time will be spent on training during the hours the course is conducted. 2. Upon course completion, the sponsor must a) submit an attendance list (to MPCA for wastewater courses and to MDH for water courses), and b) award a certificate of completion to each participant completing the course. 3. The sponsor must submit for review to the Advisory Council course evaluation forms supplied/approved by the Council and completed by the participant each time the course is held. 4. An approved course must be presented at least three times in order to be considered for placement on the pre-approved list. 5. For pre-approved courses that are offered on a regular basis, contact hours are determined by averaging the contact hours from the prior years the course has been offered. 6. Related contact hours are applied to courses that deal with non-operational topics including engineering, math, and science; management topics; safety topics; laboratory topics; wastewater (for water operators); water (for wastewater operator certificate renewals); and vendor exhibits. Safety Training Offered Anoka-Hennepin Technical College is offering OSHA safety training courses throughout the state. Contact Dale Mashuga at 1/800/247-5588, ext. 4989 for more information. In addition, the Minnesota Rural Water Association, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry, is offering safety and health training programs for small municipalities. For more information, call 218/685-5197. 2 7. “Direct” contact hours are assigned to technical courses, seminars, etc. that deal directly with system facility operation and maintenance (including computer applications for system/facility operations). 8. In the case of a seminar that offers concurrent sessions with both “direct” and “related” topics, direct contact hours will be assigned to the session. 9. Vendor-sponsored training is eligible for direct contact hours if the course covers operational fundamentals of a type of product or process rather than the benefits of the product itself, i. e., sales presentation. 10. One contact hour is equal to at least 50 minutes of classroom lecture, demonstration, workshop, continuing education, or training. One Continuing Education Unit (CEU) is equal to 10 contact hours. 11. If the training course has not been approved in advance, the program agenda must be sent by the attendee with the renewal application for contact hour determination. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Water Quality Division/Point Source Section Wastewater Certification Officer 520 Lafayette Road St. Paul, Minnesota 55155 612/296-9269 Minnesota Department of Health Public Water Supply Unit Water Certification Officer 121 East Seventh Place, Box 64975 St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0975 612/215-0770 Waterline Published quarterly by the Public Water Supply Unit of the Minnesota Department of Health Editor: Stew Thornley Waterline staff: Dick Clark, Marilyn Krause, Cindy Swanson, Doug Mandy To request this document in another format, call 612/215-0700; TDD 612/215-0707 or toll-free through the Minnesota Relay Service, 1/800/627-3529 (ask for 612/215-0700). Renewal of Operator Certificates Due to revision of Minnesota Rules Chapter 9400, in February 1997, at least 50 Renewal Hours Required percent of renewal hours for water certificates must be “direct” water operations Class A: 32 contact hours training. The other training hours may be from disciplines closely “related” to the Class B: 24 contact hours profession, provided the course work is approved by the respective agency. Class C: 16 contact hours Related courses include those dealing with wastewater, safety training, Class D: 8 contact hours management; college courses in chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical or sanitary engineering, and physical or biological sciences; laboratory courses; and approved vendor training programs. The courses listed below have been pre-approved. For more information on approval of courses refer to Criteria for Approval of Water and Wastewater Courses. Contact Hours* Sponsor Title Direct Related American Water Works Association ......... National Conference ........................................................ 28 AWWA National Conference ................... Pre-Conference Workshop ................................................. 6 American Water Works Association ......... Minnesota Section Conference .......................................... 8............ 8 American Water Works Association ......... Teleconference ................................................................... 4 American Water Works Association ......... Water Operator School (1-day) .......................................... 6 American Water Works Association ......... Water Operator School (3-day) ........................................ 16 American Water Works Association ......... Water Utility Management Institute ..................................................32 Clemson University Correspondence ........ Water Plant Operators, Class A ........................................ 80 Clemson University Correspondence ........ Water Plant Operators, Class B, C, D .............................. 40 John Thom (Instructor) ............................ Basic Water Operations ................................................... 30 Michigan State Univ. Correspondence ...... Supervisory Mgmt. in the Water/Wastewater Field ...........................60 Michigan State Univ. Correspondence ...... Maintenance Mgmt. in the Water/Wastewater Field ..........................60 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency ......... Wastewater Seminars/Workshops ..................................................6-16 Minnesota Rural Water Association .......... Water Operator School (1-day) .......................................... 6 Minnesota Rural Water Association .......... Water Operator School (3-day) ........................................ 16 Minnesota Wastewater Operators Assn. ... Wastewater Section Meetings ............................................................ 4 Sacramento State Correspondence ........... Small Water System Operation and Maintenance ............. 45 Sacramento State Correspondence ........... Water Distribution System Operation and Maintenance ... 45 Sacramento State Correspondence ........... Water Treatment Plant Operation - Volume 1 .................... 90 Sacramento State Correspondence ........... Water Treatment Plant Operation - Volume 2 .................... 90 Water Environment Federation ................. Wastewater Conferences ............................................................. 16-32 * Hours subject to change based on program contact and length There are other excellent professional training programs that are not on the pre-approved list. Contacts for registration at pre-approved courses: American Water Works Association courses—MDH @ 612/215-0770 In order for other courses to be approved refer Michigan State University Correspondence courses—1/800/356-5705 to Criteria for Approval of Water and Wastewater Courses. If a training program is Minnesota Rural Water Association courses—218/685-5197 not pre-approved, the program agenda must be Sacramento State Correspondence courses—916/278-6142 sent with the renewal application for credit Courses instructed by John Thom— 612/861-9168 determination. Waterworks Operators Quiz 1. The purpose of the confirmed test using the multiple-tube fermentation method is to: a. determine the cause of contamination. b. increase the certainty that coliform bacteria are present. c. verify the presence of bacteria. d. verify the presence of pathogenic organisms. 2. Many mechanical devices—such as dishwashers, washing machines, and flushmeters—do not operate satisfactorily at water pressures below what approximate level? a. 10 psi b. 30 psi c. 50 psi d. 100 psi 3. Chlorine is used in water to: a. disinfect. b. prevent corrosion. c. raise the pH level. d. stabilize the water. BONUS QUESTION Translate: Members of an avian species of identical plumage congregate. Answers on page 7 3 Teamwork Pays Off with Rich Prairie Project A project that grew is the story of the Rich Prairie Water and Sewer District. It’s also a story of communities working together. It started in the early 1990s when the central Minnesota city of Pierz (population 1,086) began looking at upgrading its aging sewer system. As this study was underway, the city asked Widseth Smith Nolting of Brainerd to perform a study on its water supply system. The Pierz system consists of two wells, where chlorine and fluoride are added, and an inadequate storage system. Additional treatment, especially for the removal of iron and manganese, was desired. While Pierz was seeking funding sources for the water and sewer upgrades, the adjacent city of Genola (population 84), with no municipal water or sewer, also asked Widseth Smith Nolting to do a water/sewer study for them. The two cities had several applications for grants and loans into the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Rural Development (formerly Farmers’ Home Administration); before long, they were combined into one application under the auspices of the Rich Prairie Water and Sewer District, which was formed in 1995 to encompass the municipal limits of Pierz and Genola. This means completely new service for Genola, as well as some residents on the outskirts of Pierz, who currently have private wells and septic systems. But the project still wasn’t done growing. In 1996, Pierz annexed an area south of its municipal limits for the purpose of allowing these residents to receive utilities. Soon after, the city of Buckman (population 199), six miles to the south of Genola, joined the Rich Prairie Water and Sewer District (for sewer services only as Buckman already has its own water supply system). “There were many updates to the original plan,” says Kevin Wernberg, vice president at Widseth Smith Nolting, adding that they have received requests from other areas to be included in the district. For now, however, the project stands at $6.6 million in construction costs for the Pierz-Genola portion. With land acquisition and engineering fees, the total price tag will approach $8 million. The project consists of seven separate contracts, all of which are now underway. The first contract, for $1.9 million, began last June with the groundbreaking for the wastewater treatment ponds with aerated pre-treatment. A $3-million contract, which also got underway in June, covers all underground work, including piping, force mains, and lift stations, for both sewer and water. A total of 27,000 feet of 6- and 12-inch watermain is being installed along with 22,000 feet of sanitary sewers. It is this contract that requires great attention in its time frame to the point that Wernberg calls it “a coordination nightmare.” Because the existing municipal water contains high levels of iron and manganese, the district does not want this water being distributed to new customers or leaving deposits in the new distribution systems. As a result, this contract is being carried out in phases. The watermains and lines into the homes have been installed, but connections have not yet been made. This will not happen until three other contracts, for well installation, construction of a treatment plant, and construction of a 200,000 gallon elevated storage tank, are substantially completed. At that time, the water connections to the new homes on the system will be made. The $1.2-million plant will have a manganese green sand filtration process to remove the iron and manganese in addition to a 100,000 gallon clearwell. The final contracts are for meter installation, which is now being performed, and the removal of the existing Pierz tower and pump houses, which will take place in late 1998 or early 1999. However, the new treatment plant and elevated storage tank are expected to be on-line by the fall of 1998. While this will mean better water for all residents of the district, Wernberg says he expects that existing water customers can expect some problems with black water for some period of time, even though the city will be flushing its lines to rid them of iron and manganese deposits. “You don’t just flush out 40 years of deposits in a week.” As for the new customers, the connections will be made downstream of their existing pressure tank to ensure there are no cross connections. Residents can either seal their old wells or keep the well, pump, and pressure tank in service for lawn watering and other non-consumptive purposes. Communication with affected residents has been a key part of the project, according to Wernberg. This includes those who now have private wells (an access agreement is necessary to enter their property to install the equipment) as well as homeowners whose property will be crossed with the new distribution system. The district is attempting to stay in backlots as much as possible to avoid tearing up streets. In addition to access and easement agreements with these residents, easements for the existing pipes are being obtained. “Forty years ago, the pipe was put in with a handshake, so there wasn’t physical property acquired by the city,” Wernberg explains. As for the new easements, Wernberg says “There was a lot of front-end coordination in acquiring property, which could only be started once the design was pretty well laid out so we knew where the pipes were going.” The coming together of communities for a variety of water has made for a more complicated endeavor. But M. Howard Boatman, the acting state director of USDA Rural Development, pointed out at last June’s groundbreaking that it is worth it. Boatman called the project “a teachable event,” one that the communities “should be proud to share with other communities.” He added that this is an example of “communities giving up individual ownership for the common good and how working together will provide greater benefits to everyone.” 4 MDH District Realignment PWS Profiles PWS District Engineers Jon Groethe (left) and Todd Johnson Todd Johnson Also known as “Big Guy,” Todd is a District Engineer for Public Water Supply in the Bemidji office. Todd is from Fargo and used to work for Ayres Associates in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he survived the last year as a Vikings’ fan, surrounded by Cheeseheads crowing about the Packers winning the Super Bowl. Todd’s hobbies are basketball, fishing, and golf. He has one wife, Karen. Jon Groethe Here are the current Public Water Supply District Engineers with their areas served: Jon graduated from Osseo High School but didn’t start engineering school for another ten years after first pursuing a colorful variety of occupations, including graphic artist, musician, courier, and surveyor, the latter job driving his interest in engineering. He performed plan review of plumbing and on-site sewage treatment systems for six years in the MDH Engineering Unit before taking over as a District Engineer for Public Water Supply in the St. Cloud office. Jon and his wife, Heather, along with children James and Heidi, moved into a new home in Sauk Rapids in mid-October. Jon and Heather enjoy hiking, swimming, and traveling overseas. Still a music aficianado, Jon is moving a newly acquired piano into his home; however, he looks ahead to his future hobby, fly fishing. Northwest (North)—Larry Cole, 218/755-3820 Northwest (South)—Todd Johnson, 218/755-3820 Northeast—Mike Luhrsen, 218/723-4643 West Central—Steve Pederson, 218/739-7585 Central (East)—Dave Schultz, 320/255-4216 Central (West)—Jon Groethe, 320/255-4216 Metro (North)—Bob Smude, 612/215-0766 Metro (West)—Bill Anderl, 612/215-0749 Metro (South)—Bassam Banat, 612/215-0750 Southwest—John Blomme, 507/537-7152 South Central—Mark Sweers, 507/389-2501 Southeast—Paul Halvorson, 507/285-7289 Wellhead Protection Is Coming! (But You Are Probably Already Doing Some of It Anyway) The purpose for wellhead protection is to prevent contaminants which are harmful to people from entering public water supply wells. The state wellhead protection rule went into effect on November 3 and formally establishes criteria and standards for developing wellhead protection measures for all types of public water supply wells. Most wellhead protection measures are just common sense ways of keeping wells from becoming contaminated. Public water suppliers have several roles to play in wellhead protection. First, they must manage potential contaminant sources on their property so these sources do not lead to contamination of their water supply wells. This includes maintaining the setback distances that are specified in the state Well Code from potential contaminant sources such as septic tanks, fuel storage tanks, and storage areas for chemicals. It has been state law for years to maintain these setback distances, and they have proven very effective in keeping disease organisms and high levels of chemical contamination out of water supply wells. 5 Public water suppliers have practiced some wellhead protection measures for years by not storing hazardous materials next to their wells and by placing posts around their wells to keep them from being damaged by vehicles and snow plows. This aspect of wellhead protection is not new. What is new is that staff from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) will work with the owners of public water supply wells to inventory potential sources of contamination within 200 feet of each well. This will be done as part of the Continued on page 6 AWWA Awards Call for Papers for Minnesota Water ‘98 John Hill and Bernie Bullert were all smiles as they accepted awards at the Minnesota Section—American Water Works Association conference in September. Hill (left) received the L. N. Thompson Award for dedicated service to the water industry. Bullert received the George Warren Fuller Award for distinguished service to the water supply field. The Water Resources Center of the University of Minnesota is holding the 6th biennial conference on Minnesota’s critical water issues—Minnesota Water ‘98: Protecting Minnesota’s Water Supplies— May 5-6, 1998 at the Holiday Inn Metrodome in Minneapolis. Plenary and breakout sessions will focus on drinking water contaminants, policy and management, technological advances, and issues facing suppliers. The committee is seeking papers on these subjects for both oral and poster sessions. Papers may describe research or monitoring results, case studies, development of new techologies and analytical tools, and management/policy analyses. The deadline for receipt of abstracts is December 12, 1997. For information regarding abstract requirements, contact Pat Brezonik at 612/624-7452. Wellhead Protection—Continued from page 5 sanitary survey and will be accomplished for all 955 community and 7,709 noncommunity systems by 2003. The area within a 200-foot radius around a public water supply well is called the inner wellhead management zone. MDH staff will assist owners of public wells to determine ways of managing potential contaminant sources on their property. Also, MDH staff will work with adjacent property owners or state and local agencies to ensure that setback distances are maintained or that best management practices are used to offset the risk a potential contaminant source may present to a noncommunity well. In addition to having inner wellhead management zones, the owners of the community and nontransient noncommunity Off We Go . . . water supply systems will have to prepare and implement a wellhead protection plan for their Actual maintenance complaints submitted by U.S. Air Force pilots and wells. This will happen when they are brought the replies from the maintenance crew: into the wellhead protection program by MDH although well owners may voluntarily begin developing wellhead protection plans before Problem: Left inside main tire almost needs replacement. this. MDH has prepared a phasing list and Solution: Almost replaced left inside main tire. intends to have wellhead protection plans Problem: Number three engine missing. implemented for all systems within the next ten Solution: Engine found on right wing after brief search. years. Wellhead protection plans include: 1) determining the area which supplies water to the public water supply well, and Problem: Something loose in cockpit. 2) managing potential contamination sources Solution: Something tightened in cockpit. within this area so they do not contaminate the well. MDH will provide assistance to the Problem: DME volume unbelievably loud. owners of community and nontransient Solution: Volume set to more believable level. noncommunity wells in developing and implementing wellhead protection plans. Well Problem: Dead bugs on windshield. owners will be responsible for implementing Solution: Live bugs on order. the plan on their property. Elsewhere, MDH will work with state and local agencies to Problem: Evidence of hydraulic leak on landing gear. implement the wellhead protection plan. Solution: Evidence removed. For more information about the wellhead protection program or the new wellhead protection rule requirements, contact Bruce Problem: Test flight OK, except autoland very rough. Olsen at 612/215-0796 or Art Persons at 507/ Solution: Autoland not installed on this aircraft. 285-7289. 6 1998 Metro School MRWA Technical Conference The 1998 Metro Waterworks Operators’ School will be held from Wednesday, April 1 through Friday, April 3 at the Thunderbird Hotel in Bloomington. The certification exams will be offered on Friday afternoon. Participants in the school will receive 16 credit hours for their attendance. Registration for the school is $85 ($95 after March 16 or at the door). As usual, the first two afternoons will feature hands-on training courses, both at the Thunderbird and at off-site locations, with topics including New Plant Modifications, Chemical/Caustics/Chlorine Safety, Lab Procedures, and Basic Water Operations. Space will be limited in most of the hands-on workshops; participants will be able to sign up on a first come, first serve basis during check-in on the first day of the school. In advance of the Metro School, an Exam Prep will be held on Monday, March 23 at the Crystal Community Center. The fee is $25 ($30 after March 16 or at the door). Other three-day spring schools: Southeast School, March 24-26, Best Western Apache, Rochester Northeast School, May 20-22, Holiday Inn SunSpree Resort, Ely Central School, June, Brainerd Lakes Area. Below is a registration form for the Metro School and Exam Prep. The Spring 1998 Waterline will have the entire Metro School agenda with another registration form that will include the other three-day spring schools. The 1998 Minnesota Rural Water Association Technical Conference will be held at the St. Cloud Civic Center from Tuesday, March 3 through Thursday, March 5. The conference will include educational sessions on Rural Development, Excavation, Dealing with Contractors, and Consumer Confidence Reports. For more information, contact the MRWA office at 218/685-5197. Customer Service Course Exceptional Customer Service for Utilities is the title of a full-day course being offered by the American Water Works Association (AWWA) on Monday, April 30 at the Thunderbird Hotel in Bloomington. AWWA will send registration information to all Minnesota Section members. Others may contact Mayme Larson at 303/347-6204. Basic Water Operations John Thom is offering a pair of 11-week courses on Basic Water Operations starting in January. One course will be held in Andover and the other in Richfield. Both will begin the week of January 12 (exact days not yet determined) and include a certification exam at the final class. For more information, contact John at 612/861-9168. Answers to Quiz 1. b 2. b 3. a BONUS QUESTION: Birds of a feather flock together. REGISTRATION/REGISTRATION FORM You may combine multiple fees on one check if more than one person is attending a school; however, please make a copy of this form for each person. Questions regarding certification, contact Karla Peterson at 612/215-0761. Questions regarding registration, contact Cindy Swanson at 612/215-0767. Exam Prep, March 23, Crystal Community Center Fee: $25 ($30 after March 16 or at the door) Metro School, April 1-3, Thunderbird Hotel, Bloomington Fee: $85 ($95 after March 16 or at the door) Check here if you would like to receive an exam application. (Applications must be submitted at least 15 days prior to the exam.) Check here if you would like to receive a study guide (1996 Edition). If you have any special dietary needs, please indicate them here: Please print: Name Address City Zip Day Phone Employer Please enclose the appropriate fee. Make check payable to Minnesota Department of Health. Mail this form and fee to Public Water Supply Unit, Minnesota Department of Health, 121 East Seventh Place, Suite 220, P. O. Box 64975, St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0975. CALENDAR Minnesota Section, American Water Works Association Contact John Hill, 612/531-1166 or Stew Thornley, 612/215-0771 March 23, Exam Prep, Crystal Community Center *April 1-3, Metro Waterworks Operators’s School, Thunderbird Hotel, Bloomington *May 20-22, Northeast Water Operators School, Holiday Inn SunSpree Resort, Ely *Southeast MinnesotaWaterworks Operators Association(SEMWWOA), March 24-26, Contact Paul Halvorson, 507/285-7289 Minnesota Rural Water Association Contact Kyle Kedrowski, 218/685-5197 March 3-5, Technical Conference, St. Cloud April 15, Elbow Lake, Corrosion Control & Anayltical Procedures American Water Works Association, April 30, Exceptional Customer Service for Utilities, Contact Mayme Larson, 303/347-6204 or Stew Thornley, 612/215-0771 *Basic Water Operations Contact John Thom, 612/861-9168 11-week courses starting the week of January 12 in Andover and Richfield *Schools/meetings marked with an asterisk include a certification exam Minnesota Department of Health 121 E. 7th Place Suite 220 P. O. Box 64975 St. Paul, Minnesota 55164-0975 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (Wastewater Operator Training) Contact Emily Armistead, 612/296-7251 January 21-23, Annual Collection System Seminar, Thunderbird Hotel, Bloomington February 19-20, Land Application of Biosolids, Effluents, and Residuals Seminar, Thunderbird Hotel, Bloomington March 18-20, Annual Wastewater Operations Seminar, Thunderbird Hotel, Bloomington April 7-9, Land Application of Biosolids Seminar, Kelly Inn, St. Cloud April 14-16, Stabilization Pond Seminar, Redwood Inn, Redwood Falls April 28-30, Stabilization Pond Seminar, Northland Inn, Bemidji May 12-14, Spray Irrigation Seminar, Kahler Inn & Suites, Rochester
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