Peta Luas Produk dan Luas
Lantai Produksi
Multi-Column Process Chart
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Similar content
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Visually cleaner
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Compares processes side-by-side
Multi-Column Example
Part Numbers
1
2
3
R
A
B
C
D
S
Totals
No. Steps
7
9
9
25
Least Steps
5
5
5
15
Efficiency
60%
Process Chart
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Used for just one part
Record everything that happens to the
part from material arrival to shipping
Symbols are used to describe what
happens
Process Chart Symbols
Operation: an object is changed in its characteristics
Transportation: an object is moved from one place to another
Inspection: an object is examined with a standard as to quantity
and quality
Delay: the immediate performance of the next planned action
does not take place
Storage: an object is kept under control such that its
withdrawal requires authorization
Process Chart Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Can I eliminate this step?
Can I automate this step?
Can I combine this step with another?
Can I reduce the travel distance?
Can I move workstations closer?
Can I justify production aids to increase
effectiveness?
How much does this part cost to produce?
Total Plant Flow
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Flow Diagrams
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Show the path traveled by each part from
receiving to fabrication to assembly and
finally to shipping
Problems such as cross traffic,
backtracking, and travel distance should be
visible
Total Plant Flow
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Cross Traffic
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Cross traffic occurs where flow lines cross
Proper placement of equipment, services,
and departments will eliminate cross traffic
Congestion and safety considerations are
results of cross traffic
Total Plant Flow
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Backtracking
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Material movement reversing flow
Backtracking costs three times as much as
correct material flow
Distance Traveled
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Distance costs money to travel
Facility layout is the key to reducing travel
distances
Goals
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Analyze the flow to better plant layout
Promote efficiency, effectiveness, and
cost reduction
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Eliminate as many steps as possible
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Combine steps
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Rearrange equipment as appropriate
Questions and Comment