vii
TABEL OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
TITLE
i
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAKT
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
xi
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem Statement
3
1.3
Objective
3
1.4
Scope of Research
4
1.5
Research Methodology
4
1.6
Specification
7
1.7
Thesis Outline
7
1.8
Summary
9
viii
2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
10
2.2
Bingchi Luo’s Active Integerated Antenna
10
2.3
Robert
Flynt’s
Active
Integrated
Antenna
14
Transceiver
2.4
M.J. Cryan and P.S. Hall’s AIA with
simultaneous Tx&Rx operation
2.5
17
V.B. Erturk’s Design/Analysis of an Active
Integrated Antenna
2.6
23
S.L. Karode’s Dual Polarized Microstrip Patch
Antenna Using Feedforward Isolation
Enhancement for Simultaneous Transmit receive
2.7
3
Applications
25
Summary
29
SYSTEM DESIGN AND FABRICATION
3.1
Introduction
31
3.2
Microstrip Patch Antenna
32
3.2.1
Antenna Polarization
33
3.2.2
Radiating Microstrip Patch
35
3.2.3
Rectangular
3.3
3.4
Microstrip
Antenna
Design Way
37
3.2.4
Circular Polarized Patch Antenna
39
3.2.5
Microstrip Patch Antenna Desig
41
3.2.6
Liner Polarized Square Patch
41
3.2.7
Circular Polarized Patch Antenna
44
Rat-race Coupler
47
3.3.1
48
Rat-race Coupler Design
Amplifier
3.4.1
50
Amplifier Classes ( Power
amplifier for Tx )
51
3.4.2
Transistor Amplifiers
53
3.4.3
FET Transistor
53
ix
3.4.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Low Noise Amplifier ( Rx )
Amplifier’s Biasing Circuit
58
3.5.1
Quarter-wavelength
59
3.5.2
Quarter-wave stubs
60
3.5.3
Quarter-wave transformers
61
3.5.4
Microstrip radial stub
62
3.5.6
Amplifier’s Biasing Circuit Design
63
T-junction Power Divider
64
3.6.1
66
T-junction Power Divider Design
Combination Design
3.71
3.7.2
68
Combination of Whole Circuit
except Antenna
Summary
4
68
Combination of Coupler and
Amplifier
3.8
58
69
72
MEASUREMENT SETUP
4.1
Introduction
73
4.2
Biasing Circuit Testing Setup
73
4.3
Radiation Pattern and Gain Measurement Setup
74
4.4
Power Strength Measurement Setup
77
4.5
Summary
79
5
RESULTS COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS
5.1
Introduction
80
5.2
Passive Antenna Analysis Conclusion
80
5.3
Rat-race Coupler Analysis
83
5.4
T-junction Power Divider Analysis
84
5.5
Amplifier’s Biasing Circuit Analysis
86
5.6
Whole Antenna Analysis
86
5.6.1
Antenna Radiation Pattern
Measurement and Analysis
5.6.2
Antenna Comparison with
86
x
Monopole Antenna and Analysis
5.7
6
Summary
89
92
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
6.1
Conclusion
93
6.2
Future Work
94
References
95
Appendix A
97
Appendix B
98
Appendix C
99
Appendix D
100
Appendix E
101
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
TITLE
PAGE
A
Circular Polarized Single Antenna Prototype
97
B
Rat-race Coupler Prototype
98
C
99
D
T-junction Power Divider Prototype
Amplifier Biasing Circuit Prototype
100
E
AIA with Tx & Rx Prototype
101