Development and Applications of the UAL-based
SNS Ring Simulation Environment
N.Malitsky, P.Cameron, A.V.Fedotov, J.Smith, J.Wei
BNL, Upton, NY 11973, USA
Abstract. The SNS Ring off-line parallel simulation environment based on the Unified Accelerator Libraries (UAL) has
been implemented and used for extensive full-scale beam dynamics studies arising in high-intensity rings. The paper
describes the structure of this environment and its application to various high-intensity topics and diagnostics modeling.
these C++ and Perl components in the single development
and research environment. The high-level applications are
built on the top of the project-specific Shell (or Fagade)
that consolidates and facilitates access to numerous lowlevel UAL interfaces and data containers.
INTRODUCTION
Designs and parameters of modern high-intensity
machines, such as the SNS accumulator ring, impose new
expectations on the beam dynamics studies. One of the
major scientific and technical challenges is the extremely
strict requirement on uncontrolled beam loss at 10'^ level.
In order to describe and analyze such low-level losses,
one should closely reproduce all actual effects of a
realistic machine. For addressing this task, we have
employed the open simulation environment of the Unified
Accelerator Libraries (UAL[l-2]). When we started this
project, UAL had been already applied to several
accelerators. However, unlike other UAL applications, the
SNS Ring required a new combination of collective
physical effects and dynamic processes. Then the new
SNS-specific package has been implemented. Its
development included the integration of the UAL
infrastructure with three accelerator libraries (ORBIT,
ACCSIM, and MB), deployment of this infrastructure on
the MPI-based parallel facility, and the implementation of
the injection framework. In the paper we describe the
structure of the SNS simulation package and its
application to complex beam dynamics studies and
diagnostics modeling.
iiiiii
lllllllllll
m
FIGURE 1. Unified Accelerator Libraries Environment.
The same UAL infrastructure fits to the MPI-based
parallel environment and has been recently deployed on
the parallel cluster for efficient high-intensity beam
dynamics modeling. Parallel versions of the time
consuming algorithms (such as collective space charge
effects) are implemented as ordinary C++ shared libraries
and can be mixed together with other UAL sequential
and/or parallel modules.
UNIFIED ACCELERATOR LIBRARIES
SNS RING SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT
The Unified Accelerator Libraries (UAL) is an
accelerator simulation environment aiming to develop the
realistic beam dynamics models including an unlimited
combination of physical effects and dynamic processes.
The goal has been achieved by introducing the open
infrastructure where diverse accelerator approaches and
programs are implemented as collaborative C++ libraries
connected together via Common Accelerator Objects
(such as Element, Twiss, Particle, etc.). At this time, the
UAL 1.x off-line simulation environment joins six objectoriented accelerator programs (see Fig.l). A universal
homogeneous interface based on the Perl extension
mechanism allows scientists to combine and manage all
According to the UAL approach, the SNS simulation
environment has been organized as an additional package
integrating together SNS-specific modules and
extensions. The overall architecture of the SNS
environment is illustrated in Figure 2. A physicist
interacts with the SNS::Shell interface that encompasses a
set of high-level MAD-like or TEAPOT-like commands.
Most of these commands are project-independent, and
inherited from the common class ALE::Shell. The SNS
Ring multi-turn injection scenario is considered as an
CP642, High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams: 20th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on
High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams, edited by W. Chou, Y. Mori, D. Neuffer, and J.-F. Ostiguy
© 2002 American Institute of Physics 0-7354-0097-0/02/$ 19.00
71
are
excited
at
level
slightly higher
higher than
thanexpected
expected
extension
extension
of ofthe
thethepresent
present
UAL
environment
and
errors
expected
errorsare
areexcited
excited at
at aaa level
level slightly
slightly
extensionof
presentUAL
UAL environment
environment and
and errors
toto get
get
conservative
estimate.
The full
full 1060-turn
1060-turn
implemented
directly
in
SNS::Shell
class.
implemented
directly
in the
thethe
SNS::Shell
class.
to
1060-turn
get aaa conservative
conservative estimate.
estimate. The
implemented
directly
in
SNS::Shell
class.
injection
performed
for each
each of
of beam
beam intensities
intensities
injection
intensities
injection isis then
then performed
performed for
for
each
with
beam
losses
at
the
end
of
accumulation
recorded
for
recorded for
for
with beamlosses
losses atat the
the end
end of
of accumulation
accumulation recorded
a aspecific
acceptance.
Figures
3-4
and
5-6
show
the
tune
specific acceptance. Figures 3-4 and 5-6
5-6 show
show the
the tune
tune
spreads
corresponding
resonance driven
driven loss
losscurves
curves
spreads and
and corresponding
corresponding resonance
resonance
curves
for
working
points.
forboth
bothworking
workingpoints.
points.
for
"Iser
FIGURE 2. Structure of the SNS ring simulation
package.
FIGURE 2. Structure of the SNS ring simulation
FIGURE 2. Structure of the SNS ring simulation
package.
To
facilitate the development and study of the SNS Ring
package.
applications,
have implemented
injection
To facilitate we
the development
and study ofthe
the SNS
Ring
To
facilitate
the
development
and
study
of
the
SNS
Ring
framework
with
three
basis
classes:
SNS::Integrator,
applications, we have implemented the injection
applications,
the Each
injection
SNS::PaintingScheme,
and implemented
SNS:diagnostics.
basis
framework we
with have
three
basis
classes: SNS::Integrator,
framework
with
three
basis
classes:
SNS::Integrator,
class
originates an open
collection of alternative
SNS::PaintingScheme,
and SNS::Diagnostics.
Each basis
SNS::PaintingScheme,
SNS::Diagnostics.
basis
approaches
that can be
selected
in any combination
with
class originates
anand
open
collection
of Each
alternative
class
originates
open
collection
of
alternative
theapproaches
instances
ofthat
twoan
other
collections.
can be selected in any combination with
approaches
that of
cantwo
beother
selected
in any combination with
the instances
collections.
the instances of two other collections.
BEAM DYNAMICS APPLICATIONS
BEAM DYNAMICS APPLICATIONS
One of theDYNAMICS
major advantages
of the SNS package is its
BEAM
APPLICATIONS
FIGURE
points (6.23,
(6.23, 6.20)
6.20)
FIGURE3-4.
3-4. Tune
Tune spreads
spreads for working points
FIGURE
3-4. Tune spreads for working points (6.23, 6.20)
and
and(6.4,
(6.4,6.3),
6.3),respectively.
respectively.
and (6.4, 6.3), respectively.
The working point (6.23, 6.20) is essentially free from
The working point (6.23, 6.20) is essentially free from
resonance
losses
from
some
low loss due
to the
The
working
pointapart
(6.23,
6.20)
is low
essentially
free
resonance
losses
apart
from
some
loss due
to from
the
resonances
above
the
working
point
and
chromatic
tune
resonance
from some
due totune
the
resonanceslosses
aboveapart
the working
point low
and loss
chromatic
resonances
above
the working
point
and
chromatic
tune
spread.
Here,
the
first-turn
losses
due
to
injection
and
H"
spread. Here, the first-turn losses due to injection and H- stripping
are
omitted
from
the
loss
curve.
For
high
beam
spread
.
Here,
the
first-turn
losses
due
to
injection
and
stripping are omitted from the loss curve. For high beamH
intensities
the
tune
effectively
depressed
byhigh
the space
stripping
the lossdepressed
curve. For
beam
intensitiesare
theomitted
tune are
arefrom
effectively
th by the space
th
charge.
The
only
resonances
up
to
the
4
order,
which
intensities
theonly
tune resonances
are effectively
by thewhich
space
charge. The
up todepressed
the 4 th order,
beam
during
accumulation,
are4 the
theorder,
difference
charge.
The only
resonances
up to the
which
beam crosses
crosses
during
accumulation,
are
difference
resonances.
As
a
result
of
the
space
charge
coupling,
the
beam
crossesAsduring
are the
difference
resonances.
a resultaccumulation,
of the space charge
coupling,
the
beam
with
approximately
similar
transverse
beam
resonances.
As
a
result
of
the
space
charge
coupling,
the
beam with approximately similar transverse beam
emittances
the
difference
resonance.
beam
withisis not
approximately
transverse
beam
emittances
not susceptible
susceptible to
tosimilar
the difference
resonance.
The
this
working resonance.
point isis
The intensity
intensity
limitation
forto the
this difference
working
point
emittances
is notlimitation
susceptiblefor
associated
with
beam
response
near the
the tune
tuneis
associated
with the
the coherent
coherentfor
beamthis
response
near
The
intensity
limitation
working
point
ofof 6.0,
limits
beam beam
intensity
to slightly
slightly
above
6.0, which
which
limits
to
above
associated
with
the
coherent
response
near
the
tune
14
14
N=2*10
atat the
energy
of
GeV [10].
However,
this
N=2*10
the
energy
of 1intensity
this
of
6.0, which
limits
beam
to However,
slightly above
14 is
limitation
due
to
the
structure
resonances
and
thus
limitation
is
due
to
the
resonances
and
thus
isis
N=2*10 at the energy of 1 GeV [10]. However, this
very
strict.
very
strict.
limitation is due to the structure resonances and thus is
very strict.
One of
major comprehensive
advantages of thestudies
SNS package
is its
capability
to the
support
of various
capability
to
support
comprehensive
studies
various
One
ofasthewell
major
ofcombination
the SNS
package
is its
effects,
as advantages
a complex
ofof several
effects,
as support
well
a complexenvironment.
combination
ofvarious
several
effects
in to
the
singleassimulation
Below,
we
capability
comprehensive
studies of
inwell
single
simulationcombination
environment.
we
effects,
as of
as
a dynamics
complex
ofBelow,
several
listeffects
some
the beam
topics
to which
the
SNS
list some
the beam
dynamics
topics to which
the SNS
package
effects
in was
theofapplied:
single
simulation
environment.
Below,
we
list package
some of was
the applied:
beam dynamics topics to which the SNS
• Single-particle
tasks, including such effects as
package
was
applied:
• kinematic
Single-particle
tasks, including
effects as
non-linearity,
non-linearsuchtune-spread,
kinematic
non-linearity,
non-linear
tune-spread,
dynamic aperture,
resonancesuch
driveneffects
diffusion
• Single-particle
tasks,andincluding
as
dynamic
aperture, and resonance
diffusion
maps
[3]-[4].
kinematic
non-linearity,
non-linear driven
tune-spread,
mapsof[3]-[4].
• dynamic
Effect
space charge
transverse
painting
[5].
aperture,
andduring
resonance
driven
diffusion
•maps
Effect
of space charge during transverse painting [5].
[3]-[4].
• Optimization of painting bump functions [6].
Optimization of painting bump functions [6].
•• •Effect
of space
charge
during
painting
[5].
Combined
tune
spread
duetransverse
to the space
charge,
• chromaticity
Combined and
tuneother
spread
due to the
space charge,
nonlinearities
[6]-[7].
• Optimization of painting bump functions [6].
chromaticity and other nonlinearities [6]-[7].
Imperfection
resonance
crossing
in the
presence
of
•• •Combined
tune
spread due
to the
charge,
Jt
1J
Imperfection
resonance
crossing
in space
the presence
of
space
charge
with
corresponding
choice
of
working
Hiittibfer si jirotoiis *
chromaticity
and with
othercorresponding
nonlinearities choice
[6]-[7].of working
space charge
points
and intensity
limitation
[7]-[8].
• Imperfection
crossing
in the presence of
FIGURE 5. Loss curve for the working point (6.23, 6.20)
points and resonance
intensity limitation
[7]-[8].
• •space
Effect
of
Vi
coherent
resonance
crossing
inin the
charge
corresponding
choice
of working
Effect
of with
½ coherent
resonance
crossing
the FIGURE 5. Loss curve for the working point (6.23, 6.20)
presence
high-order
resonances.
points
andof
intensity
limitation
[7]-[8].
For the working point (6.4,6.3), the loss curve
presence
of
high-order
resonances.
Loss curvepoint
the working
point
For the5. working
(6.4,6.3),
the(6.23,
loss6.20)
curve
•
Coherent
resonance
crossing
of
resonances.
• •Effect
of ½resonance
coherentcrossing
resonance
crossing
in the FIGURE
demonstrates
impact offoreach
individual
resonance
crossed
Coherent
ofcoupling
coupling
resonances.
demonstrates
impact
of
each
individual
resonance
crossed
• •presence
Collective
instability
due
to
the
transverse
impedance
of
high-order
resonances.
during accumulation. The strong loss at low intensity is
Collective instability due to the transverse impedance For
theaccumulation.
working point
(6.4,6.3),
the
loss curve
during
Theresonance
strong
lossat atwhich
low intensity
is
[9].[9]. resonance crossing of coupling resonances.
• Coherent
due
to the
sum sextupole
the working
demonstrates
impact
of
each
individual
resonance
crossed
due
to
the
sum
sextupole
resonance
at
which
the
working
An
ability
to
study
a
complex
combination
of
several
• An
Collective
instability
to the combination
transverse impedance
ability to
study a due
complex
of several be slightly adjusted to avoid this strong resonance loss.
during
accumulation.
strong
atrd resonance
low intensity
be slightly
adjusted toThe
avoid
this loss
strong
th loss.is
effects
usus
to to
have
a realistic
effects
enables
have
a realisticexpectation
expectationfor
forbeam
beam Other loss peaks are due to the 3rd and 4th order
[9]. enables
Other
loss
peaks
are
due
to
the
3
and
4
order
due
to
the
sum
sextupole
resonance
at
which
the
working
losses
andand
intensity
the
losses
intensity
Here,we
wedemonstrate
demonstrate
the resonances, which are crossed for higher beam intensity.
An
ability
to
study limitation.
a limitation.
complexHere,
combination
of several
resonances,
which
are
crossed
for
higher
beam
intensity.
be
slightly
adjusted
to
avoid
this
strong
resonance
loss.
resonance
driven
beam
forforthethetwo
points
ofof The losses due to these resonance rdare very th strong,
resonance
driven
beam
twoworking
workingfor
points
effects
enables
us to
haveloss
aloss
realistic
expectation
beam
The
losses
due
to
these
resonance
are
very
strong,
Other
loss
peaks
are
due
to
the
3
and
4
order
thethe
SNS:
(6.23,
6.3).
SNS:
(6.23,6.20)
6.20)and
and(6.4,
(6.4,
6.3).
Theimperfection
imperfection
however, they are all imperfection resonances. With
losses
and
intensity
limitation.
Here,
weThe
demonstrate
the
however, they
areareallcrossed
imperfection
resonances.
With
resonances,
which
for higher
beam intensity.
resonance driven beam loss for the two working points of
The losses due to these resonance are very strong,
the SNS: (6.23, 6.20) and (6.4, 6.3). The imperfection
72 however, they are all imperfection resonances. With
appropriate
correction
schemes,
which are
are available
available in
in the
appropriate
correction
schemes,
which
appropriate
correction
schemes,
which are
available inthe
the
SNS,
one
can
attempt
to
compensate
such
resonances.
As
SNS,
one
can
attempt
to
compensate
such
resonances.
SNS, one can attempt to compensate such resonances.As
As
a result,
withwith
successful
compensation,
thethereal
real
loss
for
compensation,
a result,
successful
compensation,the
realloss
lossfor
for
this
working
point
happens
only
thisthis
at ata very
working
point
happens
only
a veryhigh
highintensity
intensity
due
to
coherent
beam
duedue
to the
the the
to
coherent
beamresponse
responsetotothe
thestructure
structure
resonances,
as shown
in Fig.
6. 6.
resonances,
resonances,
as shown
in Fig.
..
runs, each
each with aa different
different predefined
predefined excitation
excitation
runs,
runs, each with
with a different predefined
excitation
frequency.
Values
of
FFT
signals
determine
the
boundary
frequency.
Values
of
FFT
signals
determine
the
boundary
frequency. Values of FFT signals determine the boundary
ofofthe
the
tune
footprint.
Figure
7
shows
preliminary
FFT
of
tune
footprint.
Figure
7
shows
preliminary
FFT
the tune footprint. Figure 7 shows preliminary FFT
results
for
the
tune
spread
due
to
chromaticity.
results
for
the
tune
spread
due
to
chromaticity.
results for the tune spread due to chromaticity.
FIGURE7.
Model-based ‘measurement’
‘measurement’
FIGURE
7.7. Model-based
Model-based
'measurement'of
ofthe
thetune
tunespread
spread
FIGURE
of
the
tune
spread
dueto
chromaticity.
due
totochromaticity.
chromaticity.
due
•
Number of protons " 1QM4
FIGURE
6. Loss
curve
working
point (6.3, 6.4)
FIGURE
6. Loss
curve
for for
thethe
working
point
FIGURE
(6.3, 6.4)
TUNE
MEASUREMENT
MODELING
MODELING
TUNE
MEASUREMENT
Minimization of beam loss and activation in the
loss and activation in the
Minimization
of beam
Spallation Neutron
Source Ring is highly dependent on
highly dependent
on
Spallation
Neutron
Source
Ring
on
proper control of the tuneis footprint.
The major
proper
footprint.
The
major
proper
control
of
the
tune
contributors to tune spread are space charge, chromaticity,
contributors
chromaticity,
contributors
to tune spread
are space
charge,
and uncompensated
fringe
fields.
In addition
to the
andchallenge
fringe
In
addition
to theof
and
uncompensated
fringe
fields.
of accurate measurement in the presence
challenge
in will
the presence
challenge
of spread,
accuratelarge
measurement
large tune
dynamic range
be requiredofto
large
tune spread,
large dynamic
will be required
to
large
tune
permit
measurement
through range
the accumulation
cycle.
permit
accumulation
cycle.
permit
measurement
through
the
There are many possibilities for measuring coherent and
There
coherent
and
There
are manytune
possibilities
for measuring
incoherent
and tune shift
in the SNS
Ring. These
incoherent
shift in the SNS Ring. These
include [11]:
incoherent
tune and tune shift
include [11]:
include
• Coherent (dipole) tune/tune shift from impulse
excitation
Coherent
(dipole) tune/tune shift
shift from
from impulse
impulse
•excitation
Incoherent tune from injection oscillations.
Incoherent
tune
from
Schottky.
tune
from
injection
oscillations.
•• •Incoherent
oscillations.
•
Incoherent
tune
from
quadrupole
mode oscillation.
•
Incoherent
tune
from
Schottky.
•
•
Incoherent
tune
from
resonance
crossing.
•
Incoherent
tune
from
quadrupole
mode
oscillation.
•
oscillation.
•
Incoherent
tune
from
Beam
Transfer
Function.
•
Incoherent
tune
from
resonance
crossing.
• Incoherent tune from resonance crossing.
To
facilitate tune
the design Beam
of tune measurement
systems, we
Incoherent
•• Incoherent
tune from
from Beam Transfer
Transfer Function.
Function.
have beenthe
employing
the
same
simulation model
used in
To
facilitate
design
of
tune
measurement
systems,
To facilitate the design of tune measurement systems, we
we
the
SNS
Ring
beam
dynamics
studies.
The
Beam
Transfer
have been
been employing
employing the
the same
same simulation
simulation model
used
in
have
model
used
in
Function
(BTF)dynamics
approachstudies.
is itsThefirst
application.
the SNS
SNS Ring
Ring beam
beam
Beam
Transfer
the
dynamics
studies.
The
Beam
Transfer
Following the UAL generic scheme, the BTF
Function
(BTF) approach
approach is
is its
application.
Function
(BTF)
its first
first
application.
measurement
has been implemented
as another
tracking
Following the
the UAL
UAL generic
generic scheme,
the BTF
Following
scheme,
BTF
scenario with two new diagnostics elements:the
kicker
and
measurement has
has been
been implemented
implemented as
another
tracking
measurement
as
another
tracking
BPM. The kicker excites the propagated bunch during
scenario
withoftwo
two
new
diagnostics
elements:
kicker
scenario
with
diagnostics
kicker
and
each turn
thenew
injection
paintingelements:
and delegates
it toand
the
BPM.
The
kicker
excites
the
propagated
bunch
during
BPM.
kickermodule.
excites The
the BPM
propagated
during
nextThe
tracking
elementbunch
calculates
the
eachcenter
turn of
of the
the
injection
painting
and
delegates
to
each
turn
injection
painting
and delegates
it into
to the
the
bunch
and writes
the turn-by-turn
datait
the
nextexternal
tracking
module.
The BPM
BPMallows
element
next
tracking
module.
The
element
calculates
the
file.
This application
one calculates
to measurethe
the
center
of
bunch
and
writes
the
turn-by-turn
the
BPM
response
to
the
kicker
deflection
at into
a single
center of bunch and writes the turn-by-turn data
data
into
the
external
file. This
This
applicationThen
allows
one
measure
the
predefined
frequency.
footprint
external
file.
application
allows the
one to
totune
measure
the
BPM
response is
torepresented
the kicker
kickerby deflection
at
measurement
adeflection
set of several
BPM
response
to
the
at asimulation
a single
single
predefined frequency.
frequency. Then
Then the
predefined
the tune
tune footprint
footprint
measurement
is
represented
by
a
set
of
several
measurement is represented by a set of several simulation
simulation
••
73
These preliminary
preliminary results
results
confirm
These
preliminary
results confirm
confirm the
the measurement
measurement
These
the
measurement
approach. The method is now being applied to measure
approach. The
The method
method isis now
now being
being applied
applied to
to measure
measure
approach.
full non-linear tune footprint with space charge. To
full
full non-linear
non-linear tune
tune footprint
footprint with
with space
space charge.
charge. To
To
facilitate future activities, the model will be enhanced
facilitate
future
activities,
the
model
will
be
enhanced
facilitate
future
activities,
the
model
will
be
enhanced
with the new very efficient tracking engine and additional
with
the
very
tracking
engine
with
the new
newextensions.
very efficient
efficient
tracking
engineand
andadditional
additional
diagnostics
These
calculations
were
done at
diagnostics
extensions.
These
calculations
were
done
diagnostics
extensions.
These
calculations
were
done
baseband with a non-resonant pickup, when in fact
theatat
baseband
aa non-resonant
fact
the
baseband
with
non-resonant
pickup,
when ininand
factthe
the
kicker andwith
pickup
will operate pickup,
at
about when
50MHz,
kicker
and
pickup
will
operate
at
about
50MHz,
and
the
kicker
and
pickup
will
operate
at
about
50MHz,
and
the
pickup Q will approach 100. Kicks in the above modeling
pickup
Q
in
pickup
Q will
willaapproach
approach
100.
Kicks
inthe
theabove
above
modeling
were about
factor of100.
100 Kicks
stronger
than
whatmodeling
will be
were
about
aa factor
of
stronger
what
will
were
about
factor
of 100
100
stronger
than
whatBTF
willatbe
be
required
with
the
resonant
pickup.
Thethan
observed
required
with
the
pickup.
required
withshow
the resonant
resonant
pickup.
The observed
observed
BTFtoatat
50MHz will
broadening
of the The
revolution
line BTF
due
50MHz
will
broadening
of
line
due
50MHz
will show
showlarge
broadening
ofthe
the
revolution
line
dueastoto
a comparatively
relativistic
sliprevolution
factor η, as
well
aaasymmetric
comparatively
large
slip
η,
well
chromatic
broadening
of the
betatron
comparatively
large relativistic
relativistic
slip factor
factor
r|, asas
wellasas
asymmetric
sidebands. chromatic
asymmetric
chromatic broadening
broadening of
of the
the betatron
betatron
sidebands.
sidebands.
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
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be
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space charge”,
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