HighCurrent
CurrentECR
ECR Source
Source for
for Protons
Protons and
High
and Deuterons
Deuterons
at
Saclay
at Saclay
Robin Ferdinand
Ferdinand
Robin
CEA-Saclay
CEA-Saclay
DSM/DAPNIA/SACM
bldg.
124,
91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, FRANCE
DSM/DAPNIA/SACM bldg. 124, 91191
FRANCE
Abstract.The
The
SILHI(Source
(SourceofofLight
LightIons
Ionswith
withHigh
HighIntensities)
Intensities) source
source has
has been
been producing
producing proton
Abstract.
SILHI
proton beams
beams since
since1996.
1996.
The
targetobjective
objectiveis istotoproduce
produceupuptoto100
100mA
mA cw
cw proton
proton beams
beams at
at 95
95 keV
keV for
The
target
for IPHI
IPHI (Injector
(Injector of
of Protons
Protons for
forHigh
High
Intensity)demonstrator
demonstratororor155
155mA
mA cw
cw deuteron
deuteron beam
beam for
for IFMIF.
IFMIF. This
This prototype
Intensity)
prototype isis developed
developed by
byaaCEA/DSM
CEA/DSM–CNRS/IN2P3collaboration
collaborationfor
forapplications
applications such
such asas Accelerator
Accelerator Driven
Driven Systems
Systems for
CNRS/IN2P3
for nuclear
nuclear waste
waste transmutation,
transmutation,
production
of
radioactive
ion
beams
or
secondary
particles.
To
measure
reliability
of
the
installation,
production of radioactive ion beams or secondary particles. To measure reliability of the installation, continuous
continuousfivefivelong
day
long
runshave
havebeen
beenperformed.
performed.AApeak
peakof
of 157
157 mA
mA cw
cw beam
beam has
has been
dayday
long
to to
3030day
long
runs
been extracted.
extracted. In
Inthe
the framework
frameworkofof
IFMIFproject,
project,upuptotoITOmA-lOOkV
170 mA-100 kV deuteron
deuteron pulsed
pulsed beams
beams were
were produced.
produced. Recent
thetheIFMIF
Recent SILHI
SILHI results
results are
are also
also
presented.
presented.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
For several years, in France, CEA and CNRS have
For several
years, in R&D
France,
CEA and
have
undertaken
an important
program
onCNRS
very high
undertaken
an
important
R&D
program
on
very
beam power accelerators. CEA is also implied high
in
beam such
power
accelerators.
CEA
is alsoSource)
impliedandin
projects
as ESS
(European
Spallation
projects such as ESS (European Spallation Source) and
IFMIF
(International Fusion Material Irradiation
IFMIF (International Fusion Material Irradiation
Facility).
Facility).
SILHI is developed to be the source of the IPHI
SILHI is developed to be the source of the IPHI
prototype
[1]. The SILHI main objective is to produce
prototype [1]. The SILHI main objective is to produce
100
mA
proton
100 mA protonoror140
140mA
mAdeuteron
deuteroncw
cwbeam
beamcurrents
currents
at at
9595
keV
with
rms
normalized
emittances
keV with rms normalized emittanceslower
lowerthan
than
0.20.2
7i.mm.mrad.
π.mm.mrad.AnAnElectron
Electron Cyclotron
Cyclotron Resonance
Resonance
(ECR)
(ECR)source
sourcehas
has been
been chosen
chosen toto reach
reach these
these
performances
performances with
with a a high
high reliability/availability.
reliability/availability.
Experiments
Experimentswith
withSILHI
SILHIare
are also
also devoted
devoted toto the
the
production
of
deuterons
for
IFMIF
and
production of deuterons for IFMIF anda anew
newtest
test
bunch
is is
under
forforH"Hion
bunch
understudy
study
ionproduction.
production.
Since
Since1996,
1996,SILHI
SILHIhas
hasbeen
beenregularly
regularlyproducing
producing
proton
beams,
inincwcwororpulsed
proton
beams,
pulsedmode,
mode,with
withperformance
performance
close
to to
thethe
setsetobjective
close
objective[2].
[2].AAnew
newextraction
extractionsystem
system
hashasbeen
beendesigned
designedtotominimize
minimizebeam
beamlosses
losseson
on the
the
electrodes
byby
reducing
thetheinitial
electrodes
reducing
initialdivergence.
divergence.Beams
Beamsofof
morethan
than130mA
130 mAtotal
totalcurrent
currentare
arenow
now currently
currently
more
extracted.New
Newreliability
reliabilitytests
tests were
were performed
performed toto
extracted.
analyze
EMI-hardeneddevice
deviceimprovements
improvementsasaswell
wellasas
analyze
EMI-hardened
automatic
procedures.The
Thefirst
firstdeuteron
deuteronpulsed
pulsedbeam
beam
automatic
procedures.
measurements
are
briefly
reported.
The
source
measurements are briefly reported. The source isis
presentlydisassembled
disassembledtotobebere-installed
re-installedatat its
its final
final
presently
location
IPHI
building.
location
in in
thethe
IPHI
building.
Gauss ECR axial magnetic field is provided by 2 coils.
Gauss
axial
magnetic
is provided
by 2 coils.
The
RFECR
power
is fed
to the field
source
through rectangular
The
RF
power
is
fed
to
the
source
through
rectangular
waveguides and a specific ridged transition. The
waveguides
andancillaries
a specificareridged
The
source
and its
locatedtransition.
on a lOOkV
source
and
its
ancillaries
are
located
on
a
100
platform behind a protective cage. The sourcekVis
platform atbehind
cage.extraction
The source
is
running
95 kV.a Aprotective
5-electrode
system
running at 95 kV. A 5-electrode extraction system
allows easy meniscus tuning to minimise beam losses
allows easy meniscus tuning to minimise beam losses
and backstreamed electron limitation.
and backstreamed electron limitation.
Different
classical diagnostics (Faraday cup,
Different classical diagnostics (Faraday cup,
insulated
screens,
current transformers,
transformers,
insulated screens, cameras,
cameras, current
emittance
measurement
unit)
allow
beam
emittance
measurement
unit)
allow
beam
characterisation
in
the
2-solenoid
Low
Energy
Beam
characterisation in the 2-solenoid Low Energy Beam
Transport
As high
high beam
beam density
density
Transport (LEBT)
(LEBT) line.
line. As
precludes
from
using
interceptive
diagnostics,
specific
precludes from using interceptive diagnostics, specific
optical
are in
in progress
progress toto
optical diagnostic
diagnostic developments
developments are
analyse
the
beam
at
the
RFQ
matching
point
[3].
analyse the beam at the RFQ matching point [3].
22 turbomolecular
(10001/s
each) are
areused
usedtoto
turbomolecular pumps
pumps (1000
l/s each)
take
vacuum. The
The working
working
take care
care of
of source
source and
and LEBT
LEBT vacuum.
pressure
hydrogen flow)
flow) turns
turnsout
outtotobe
be
pressure (with
(with a 5 seem
sccm hydrogen
higher
chamber and
and varies
varies
higher than
than 0.1
0.1 Pa in the plasma chamber
from
from 22 to
to 1 mPa
mPa in the LEBT.
Beam
intensity and noise
noise
Beam intensity
RF (cojacaanij) (Watt)
PROTONSOURCE
SOURCEPERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
PROTON
GeneralLayout
Layout
General
The
ECR
sourceoperates
operatesatat2.45
2.45GHz
GHzand
andthe
the875
875
The
ECR
source
RF power (Watt)
pieet - re&cte<|
FIGURE 1:
1: Extracted
Extracted beam
beam and
FIGURE
and proton
proton fraction
fraction vs
vsrfrfpower
power
CP642, High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams: 20th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on
High Intensity and High Brightness Hadron Beams, edited by W. Chou, Y. Mori, D. Neuffer, and J.-F. Ostiguy
© 2002 American Institute of Physics 0-7354-0097-0/02/$ 19.00
285
SILHI source exit Emittance
SILHI source exit Emittance
0.18
0.18
0.175
0.175
0.17
0.17
Emittance
power transferred to the plasma.
The 66 MHz
MHz bandwidth
bandwidth ACCT
ACCT installed between the
The
The 6 MHz
bandwidth
ACCTanalysis
installedand/or
between
the
2
solenoids
allows
beam
noise
pulsed
22 solenoids
allows
beam
noise analysis
analysis and/or
and/orpulsed
pulsed
solenoids
allows
beam
noise
beam monitoring.
monitoring. 19
19 kHz
kHz oscillations
oscillations are
are transferred
transferred
beam
beam monitoring. 19
oscillations are
transferred
theplasma
plasma from
from the
thekHz
magnetron
RF switched
switched
power
toto
the
magnetron
RF
power
to the plasma from the magnetron RF switched power
supply (see
(see the
the recorded
recorded spectrum
spectrum obtained
obtained with
with aa
supply
supply (see the recorded spectrum obtained with a
120 mA
mA total beam
beam FIGURE
FIGURE 2).
2). A 50
Hz
ripple
due
120
50Hz
Hzripple
rippledue
due
120 mA total
total beam FIGURE
2). AA 50
alternative magnetron
magnetron filament
filament heating
heating is
is also
toto
alternative
also
to alternative magnetron filament heating is also
observed. Nevertheless,
Nevertheless, rms
rms beam
beam noise
noise lower
lower than
than
observed.
observed. Nevertheless, rms
beam noise
lower than
1
%
is
currently
achieved
and
is
compatible
with
the
11 %
achieved and
and isis compatible
compatiblewith
withthe
the
% is
is currently
currently achieved
RFQ
requirements.
RFQ
RFQrequirements.
requirements.
value
value has
has been
been obtained
obtained for
for 43
43 kV.
kV.
value has been obtained for 43 kV.
Then
Then the
the EMU
EMU was
was moved
moved to
to the
the second
second location.
location.
Then the measurements
EMU
was moved
to the
second location.
Emittance
were
performed
by
Emittance
measurements
were
performed
by tuning
tuning
Emittance
measurements
were performed
by tuning
the intensity,
the
configuration
and
intensity,
the LEBT
LEBT magnetic
magnetic
configuration
andthe
the
the
intensity, the
LEBT magnetic
and the atat
intermediate
electrode
voltage.
The
intermediate
electrode
voltage.configuration
Thebeam
beamemittance
emittance
intermediate
voltage.
The dramatically
beam
emittance
the end of electrode
the
depends
on
the LEBT
LEBT
depends
dramatically
onatthe
the
the
end
of
the
LEBT
depends
dramatically
on
theby
LEBT
LEBT solenoids
solenoids values
values and
and looks
looks quite
quite stable
stable
by
LEBT
solenoids
values and looks
quite stable by A
varying
the
the extraction
extraction electric
electric field
field configuration.
configuration. A
varying the extraction electric field configuration. A
minimum
value
0.23
π.mm.mrad
has
observed
minimumvalue
valueofof
of
0.23
7C.mm.mrad
has been
been
observed
minimum
0.23over
π.mm.mrad
has
observed
downstream
aa cross
located
atat been
the
future
RFQ
downstream
cross
over
located
the
future
RFQ
downstream
a70cross
over locatedproton
at thebeam.
future RFQ
entrance
for
mA
transported
entrance
for
70
mA
transported
proton
beam.
entrance for 70 mA transported proton beam.
Emittance
The extracted
extracted beam
beam intensity
intensity is checked by using
The
The
extracted
beam
is checked
usingis
DCor
or AC
AC
toroid as
as
wellintensity
as Faraday
Faraday
DC
toroid
well
as
cup. Theby
DCCT
DC or AC
toroid
as of
well
as Faraday
cup.plots
The DCCT
is
located
the exit
exit
of the
the
source and
and
plots
the total
total
located
atat the
source
the
located
at
the
exit
of
the
source
and
plots
the
total
extracted current.
current. A
A maximum
maximum of 157 mA has been
extracted
extracted and
current.
A maximum
157
been
observed
and
current
as high
high as of
130
mAmA
observed
current
as
130mA
arehas
routinely
observed
and
current
as
high
as
130
mA
are
routinely
extracted.
FIGURE
1
shows
the
total
extracted
beam
extracted. FIGURE 1 shows the total
extracted.
FIGURE
1 shows
the
total the
extracted
beam
and
the
proton
fraction
plotted
versus
effective
and the proton fraction plotted versus the effective RF
and thetransferred
proton fraction
power
to the
theplotted
plasma.versus the effective RF
power
transferred
to
plasma.
0.165
0.165
0.16
0.16
0.155
0.155
Proton beam 97 mA
Proton
97120
mAmA
Totalbeam
beam
Total
beam95
120
mA
Energy
keV
Energy 95 keV
0.15
0.15
25
25
30
30
35
35
40
HTEI (kV)
HTEI (kV)
40
45
45
50
50
FIGURE3 3: Source
emittance
electrode
FIGURE
emittance
vsvs
intermediate
electrode
FIGURE 3 ::Source
Source
emittance
vsintermediate
intermediate
electrode
voltage
voltage
voltage
0
10QQQOO
2Q00000
3000000
4000000
lOOOOOO
hz
FIGURE 2: Beam noise spectrum for 120 mA extracted
FIGURE2:
2: Beam
Beam noise
noise spectrum
FIGURE
spectrum for
for 120
120mA
mAextracted
extracted
beam
beam
beam
Classical CCD cameras
cameras are
are used
used for
for beam
beamposition
position
Classical CCD cameras are used for beam position
monitoring. Beam interacts
interacts with
with the
theresidual
residualgas
gasininthe
the
monitoring. Beam interacts with the residual gas in the
LEBT and produces
produces excited
excited and
and ionised
ionisedgas
gasatoms.
atoms.InIn
LEBT
and produces emitted
excited light
and
ionised
gastheatoms.
In
Balmer
the visible region, emitted
light (mainly
(mainly the
Balmer
the
visible
region,
emitted
light
(mainly
the
Balmer
lines of the atomic
atomic hydrogen
hydrogen spectrum)
spectrum) gives
gives
lines
of the
atomic
hydrogen
information
on the
beam
and
current
beam position
position
andspectrum)
current[4].
[4]. gives
information on the beam position and current [4].
Emittance
Emittance measurements
measurements
Emittance measurements
The emittance measurement
measurement unit
unitcould
couldbe
beplaced
placedinin
The
emittance
measurement
unit
could
be
placed
in
two
different
places
either
at
the
exit
of
the
two different places either at the exit of the source
source
two
places
either
at the
exit ofbehind
the source
(0.53different
m from
from extraction)
or
m
the
(0.53
m
extraction)
or 3.9
3.9
m further
further
behind
the22
(0.53
extraction)
3.9 m
further behind
the
LEBTm from
solenoids.
First,
emittance
has
LEBT
solenoids.
First,orthe
the
emittance
has been
been2
LEBT
solenoids.
First,
the
emittance
has
been
analysed
as
a
function
of
intermediate
electrode
analysed as a function of the intermediate electrode
voltage which
which
modifies
electric
field
analysed
as a function
theextraction
intermediate
electrode
voltage
modifiesofthe
the
extraction
electric
field
configuration
(FIGURE
3).
This
experiment
has
been
voltage
which
modifies
the
extraction
electric
field
configuration (FIGURE 3). This experiment has been
done with
with aa (FIGURE
97
beam
(120
configuration
3). This
experiment
hastotal).
been
done
97 mA
mA proton
proton
beam
(120mA
mA
total).
Extraction
aaminimum
emittance
done
with simulations
a 97mA indicated
proton
(120mA
total).
Extraction
simulations
indicatedbeam
minimum
emittance
value for
for aasimulations
40
gap
voltage
which
Extraction
a minimum
emittance
value
40 kV
kV first
firstindicated
gap extraction
extraction
voltage
which
has
been
confirmed
by
the
measurement.
The
r-r'
rms
value
for
a
40
kV
first
gap
extraction
voltage
which
has been confirmed by the measurement. The r-r'
rms
normalized
emittance
value
varies
from
0.175
toto
has
been
confirmed
by
the
measurement.
The
r-r'
normalized emittance value varies from 0.175rms
0.15 π.mm.mrad
whilevalue
the intermediate
electrode
normalized
emittance
varies
from
0.175
to
0.15 π.mm.mrad while the intermediate electrode
voltage
is going while
from 27theto intermediate
49 kV. The minimum
0.15
7C.mm.mrad
electrode
voltage is going from 27 to 49 kV. The minimum
voltage is going from 27 to 49 kV. The minimum
Previouswork
alsoindicated
that
emittance
Previous
also
that
thethe
emittance
Previous work
work[5][5]
[5]
also indicated
indicated
that
the
emittance
strongly dependent
dependent onon thethe space
space charge
isis
strongly
is strongly dependent on the space charge
charge
compensationininthe
the beamline.
line.Heavy
Heavygasgasinjection
injection
compensation
compensation in thebeam
beam line.
Heavy gas injection
(ArororKr)
Kr) in the LEBTcreates
createsa large
a large
amount
free
(Ar
amount
of of
free
(Ar or Kr)ininthetheLEBT
LEBT creates
a large
amount
of free
electronswhich
whichallows
allowsspace
space
charge
compensation
and
electrons
charge
compensation
and
electrons which allows space charge compensation and
emittanceimprovements.
improvements.
emittance
emittance improvements.
Reliability
tests
Reliability
tests
Reliability tests
Since
SinceSILHI
SILHIdelivered
delivereditsitsfirst
firstbeams
beamsin in1996,
1996,
Since
SILHI
delivered
itsperformed
first
beams
inanalyse
1996,
several
specific
tests
have
to to
analyse
several
specific
tests
havebeen
been
performed
several
specific
tests
have
been
performed
to
analyse
the
source
reliability-availability.
To
minimize
the source reliability-availability. To minimize
the source
reliability-availability.
Toreliability,
minimize
possible
breakdown
and
possible
breakdown
andtotooptimise
optimisethethe
reliability,
possible
breakdown
and
to
optimise
the
reliability,
different
different developments
developmentsand
andtechnical
technicalchoices
choiceswere
were
different developments
progressively
adopted.
progressively
adopted. and technical choices were
progressively adopted.
The
several
items
developed
Thefollowing
followinglist
listpresents
presents
several
items
developed
The
following: Quartz
presents
several
itemsbehind
developed
ininthis
framework
window
protected
a a
this
framework
:list
Quartz
window
protected
behind
in
this
framework
:
Quartz
window
protected
behind
water
cooled
bend,
electrode
shape
optimisation
to toa
water cooled bend, electrode shape optimisation
water cooled
bend, field
electrode
shape
optimisation
minimize
the
rate,
minimize
theelectric
electric
fieldand
andthe
thespark
spark
rate,large
largeto
minimize
the
electric
field
and
the
spark
rate,
large
safety
margins
on
all
Power
Supplies
(HV
and
others),
safety margins on all Power Supplies (HV and others),
optimisation
of
Power
Supplies
air
or
water
cooling,
safety
margins
on
all
Power
Supplies
(HV
and
others),
optimisation of Power Supplies air or water cooling,
separate
cable
and
shielding
andand
optimisation
Power
Supplies
airforor
water
cooling,
separate
cableofpath
path
and
shielding
forsignals
signals
power,
galvanic
insulation
of
analog
and
digital
separate
cable
path
and
shielding
for
signals
and
power, galvanic insulation of analog and digital
signals,
use
of
EMI
hardened
devices
especially
for
all
power,
galvanic
insulation
of
analog
and
digital
signals, use of EMI hardened devices especially for all
sensitive
of of
beam
signals, electronics
use
of EMIand
hardened
devices
especially
for all
sensitive
electronics
andPLC,
PLC,development
development
beam
current
feedback,
development
of
EPICS
automatic
sensitive
electronics
and
PLC,
development
of
beam
current feedback, development of EPICS automatic
start/restart
procedures.
current
feedback,
development
of
EPICS
automatic
start/restart procedures.
start/restart
procedures. the 5 reliability runs. This
Table 1 summarises
Table 1 summarises the 5 reliability runs. This
Table 1 summarises the 5 reliability runs. This
286
table
shows
that
the
reliability-availability
can
reach
table
shows
that
the
reliability-availability
can
reach
table
shows
that
thethe
reliability-availability
can
reach
table
shows
that
reliability-availability
can
reach
higher
than
99.5
%
with
a
very
low
number
of
beam
higher
than
99.5
%
with
a
very
low
number
of
higher
than
higher
than99.5
99.5 %with
witha avery
verylow
lownumber
numberofofbeam
beam
off
within
aaa whole
week.
Since
the
source
remote
off
within
whole
offoff
within
week.
Since
the
source
remote
within
awhole
wholeweek.
week.Since
Sincethe
thesource
sourceremote
remote
control
is
completely
updated
with
the
EPICS
system,
control
is
completely
updated
with
the
EPICS
system,
control
is
completely
updated
with
the
EPICS
control is completely updated with the EPICS system,
automatic
procedures
and
home
internet
network
automatic
automatic
procedures
and
home
internet
network
automaticprocedures
proceduresand
andhome
home internet
internet network
network
connections
allow
us
to
leave
the
source
working
connections
connections
allow
ususto
totoleave
leave
the
source
working
connectionsallow
allowus
leavethe
thesource
source working
working
without
any
operator
locally.
without
any
operator
locally.
In
March
2001,
an
oil
without
any
operator
locally.
InInMarch
March
2001,
an
oil
without
any
operator
locally.In
March2001,
2001,an
anoil
oil
LEBT
contamination
led
to
a
very
high
spark
rate.
LEBT
contamination
led
To
LEBT
contamination
ledledto
totoa avery
very
LEBT
contamination
veryhigh
highspark
sparkrate.
rate.To
To
minimize
new
contamination
minimize
new
contamination
risk,
dry
pump
will
be
minimize
new
contamination
risk,
dry
pump
will
be
minimize
new
contaminationrisk,
risk,dry
drypump
pumpwill
willbe
be
nearly
installed.
nearly
installed.
nearly
installed.
nearly
installed.
Parameters
Duration 0j)
Beam off iattmber
m
110
103
•13;
73
106
104
i!
M
Li!
mm
M^ehQl
m
11$
m..
m
it
114
162
ii
Time friis|
Figure
for
135
mA
deuteron
beam.
Figure 4.
4. LEBT
LEBT transparency
transparency
Figure
4.
LEBT
transparencyfor
for135
135mA
mAdeuteron
deuteronbeam.
beam.
Ill
m
MM
necessary
for further
experiments.
necessary
experiments.
further experiments.
necessary for
for further
further
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
•Ms
TABLE
1.
Reliability
tests
TABLE
1.
tests
TABLE
1.
Reliability
tests
TABLE
1.Reliability
Reliability
now,more
morethan
than800
800
hours continuous
continuous
Up
hours
UpUpto
to tonow,
now,
more
than
Up
to
now,
more
than
800
hours
continuous
operation
gave
lots
of
information
to
optimise
the
operation
gave
lots
of
information
to
optimise
operation gave
gave lots
lots of
of information
information to optimise the
operation
the
source
behaviour.Several
Severalweak
weakpoints
pointshave
have been
been
source
behaviour.
source behaviour.
behaviour. Several
Several weak
weak points
points have been
source
solved. No
spark occurswithout
without beamafter
after specific
solved.
solved. No
No spark
spark occurs
occurs without
without beam
beam after
after specific
specific
solved.
No
spark
occurs
beam
specific
accelerator
column
conditioning.
The
use of EMI
EMI
accelerator
accelerator column
column conditioning.
conditioning. The
The use
use of
of EMI
accelerator
column
conditioning.
The
use
of
hardened
devices
enhanced
dramatically
the
source
hardened
devices
enhanced
dramatically
the
hardened
devicesSparks
enhanced
dramatically
theto source
source
hardened
devices
enhanced
dramatically
source
performance.
nowdo
donot
not lead
leadthe
power
performance.
Sparks
now
to
power
performance.
Sparks
now
do
not
lead
to
performance.
Sparks
now
do
not
lead
to
power
supplies failures or PLC reboots. Moreover, power
as the
supplies
failures
or
PLC
Moreover, as
supplies
failures
or
PLC reboots.
reboots.
the
supplies
PLC
reboots.
as the
the
source failures
is also or
dedicated
to otherMoreover,
experiments
like
source
is
also
dedicated
to
other
experiments
like
source
is
also
dedicated
to
other
experiments
source
is
also
dedicated
to
other
experiments
like
diagnostic developments or
EPICS control
diagnostic
developments
or
diagnostic
developments
diagnostic
developments
or EPICS
EPICS acontrol
control
improvement,
short experiments
indicated
lower
improvement,
short
experiments
indicated
aa as
lower
improvement,
short
experiments
indicated
improvement,
short
experiments
indicated
lower
spark rate with
a lower
beam intensity
as well
with
spark
rate
with
lower
beam
as
spark
ratebeam.
with aaaThese
lowerresults
beam intensity
intensity
as
well
as with
with
spark
rate
with
lower
beam
intensity
pulsed
will
have as
to well
be confirmed
pulsed
beam.
These
pulsed
beam. runs.
These results
results will
will have
have to
to be
be confirmed
confirmed
pulsed
beam.
These
results
will
have
to
be
confirmed
by specific
by
byspecific
specificruns.
runs.
by
specific
runs.
The SILHI
SILHI source,
The
source,
based
on
ECR
plasma
The
SILHI
source, based
based on
on ECR
ECR plasma
plasma
generation
was
built
in
1996
and
is,
generation
is, since
since then,
then,
1996 and
generation was built in
in 1996
and is,
since
then,
regularly producing
producing high
regularly
high
intensity
light
ion beams.
beams.
regularly
producing
high intensity
intensity light
light ion
ion
beams.
Table 2 summarises the
beam
Table
beam characteristics
characteristicseither
eitherfor
for
Table 22 summarises
summarises the
the beam
characteristics
either
for
Protons or
or Deuterons.
Deuterons.
Protons
Protons or Deuterons.
Particles
Parameters
[fcep]
Meriiiediate MectioJe [kV]
Requests:
•55
•Isquest
•m
, Betit&ibn i«rreitt:;[
m
140
iiMiiifrMiiir
1:3©
m m mm
Plasirta eleeif ode Jiaraetef [miiij
241
mm
Mtm
8:50
Diri^ f aetor [1]
1:00
Hi;:, Hi ©asllow j/seciai;]
emitt.ance f
DEUTERON SOURCE PRODUCTION
DEUTERON
DEUTERON SOURCE
PRODUCTION
DEUTERON
SOURCE PRODUCTION
For the IFMIF project, CEA analysed the
For
CEA
analysed
the
characteristics
of the project,
deuteron
by such
For the
the IFMIF
IFMIF
project, beam
CEAproduced
analysed
the
For
the
IFMIF
project,
CEA
analysed
the
characteristics
of
the
deuteron
beam
produced
by
such
an
ECR
source
(with
the
120
mA
proton
extraction
characteristics
of
the
deuteron
beam
produced
by
such
characteristics of the deuteron beam produced by such
To (with
minimise
structure
activation,
the
an
ECR
the
mA
extraction
an system).
ECR source
source
(with
the 120
120
mA proton
proton
extraction
an
ECR
source
(with
120
deuteronTo
beam
has beenstructure
produced activation,
in pulsed mode
system).
minimise
the
system).
To
minimise
structure
system).
To
minimise
structure
activation,
the
(2ms/s)beam
by modulating
the 2.45in
GHz
magnetron
deuteron
has
pulsed
mode
deuteron
beam
has been
been produced
produced
in
pulsed
mode
deuteron
beam
has
been
produced
in
pulsed
mode
power.
A
135
mA-100
kV
beam
has
been
easily
(2ms/s)
(2ms/s) by
by modulating
modulating the
the 2.45
2.45 GHz
GHz magnetron
magnetron
(2ms/s)
by
produced
and
guided
through
the
beam
line
with
power.
A
135
mA-100
kV
beam
has
been
easily
power. A
A 135mA-100kV
135 mA-100 kV beam
beam has
has been
been easily
easilya
power.
75
%
transparency
(Figure
4).
The
deuteron
fraction
produced
and
guided
through
the
beam
line
with
produced and
and guided
guided through the
beam line with aa
+
reached
more than
96 % and
DThe
lower than
4 %.
2 was
75
%
transparency
(Figure
4).
deuteron
fraction
75
%
transparency
(Figure
4).
The
deuteron
fraction
75 % transparency
(Figure 4). +
+
+
No
D
or
heavy
masses
were
observed.
+
reached
reached3more
more than
than 96
96%
% and
and D
D222 was
was lower
lower than
than 44 %.
%.
more
96
++or
No
masses
NoD
D333+Coherent
orheavy
heavymeasurements
masses were
(intensity, beam noise,
No
D
or
heavy
masses
were observed.
observed.
species
fraction)
were checked
for a beam
135 mA
total
Coherent
measurements
(intensity,
noise,
Coherent
measurements
(intensity,
beam
noise,
Coherent
extracted
beam. As a result, the SILHI source looks as
species
species fraction)
fraction) were
were checked
checked for
for aa 135
135 mA
mA total
total
species
fraction)
well adapted
forwere
deuteron production as for protons.
extracted
beam.
As
a
result,
the
SILHI
source
looks
as
extracted
beam.
As
a
result,
the
SILHI
source
looks
as
extracted
beam.reaction
As a at the surface of the copper target
As the (d,D)
well
adapted
for
deuteron
production
as
for
protons.
well
adapted
for
deuteron
production
as
for
well
adapted
for
protons.
produces 2.45 MeV neutrons, leading to a progressive
Asactivation
the(d,D)
(d,D)reaction
reaction
at the
thethe
surface
of the
the copper
copper
target
As
the
at
surface
of
target
As
the
(d,D)
level
increase,
experiment
has been
done
produces
2.45
MeV
produces
2.45
MeV
neutrons,
leading
to
a
progressive
2.45
MeV
neutrons,
leading
to
a
progressive
within only 2 days. Appropriate shielding will be
activation level
level increase,
increase, the
the experiment
experiment has
has been
been done
done
activation
activation
level
increase,
within only
only 222days.
days. Appropriate
Appropriate shielding
shielding will
will be
be
within
within
only
days.
shielding
287
TABLE 2. SILHI beam characteristics
TABLE
TABLE 2.
2. SILHI
SILHI beam
beam characteristics
characteristics
SILHI has been recently stopped to be moved in
has
been
recently
stopped
to be
be
moved
in
theSILHI
future IPHI
building.
A previous
move
showed
thatin
SILHI
has been
recently
stopped
to
moved
a minimum
of
6
months
will
be
necessary
before
to
the
future
IPHI
building.
A
previous
move
the
future
showed
that
future IPHI building. A previous move
the source
recover
thebe
results. before to
aarestart
minimum
of
months
will
necessary
minimum
of 66 and
months
will
bebest
necessary
to
restart
recover the
the best
best results.
results.
restart the
the source
source and
and recover
1.
1.
1.
2.
3.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
4.
5.
6.
5.
5.
6.
6.
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
P-Y. Beauvais: "Status Report on the construction of the
French
High "Status
Intensity Proton
Injector (IPHI)",
P-Y.
Beauvais:
on the
P-Y.
Beauvais:
"Status Report
Report
the construction
construction of the
proceeding of EPAC2002,
Paris,on
FRANCE
French
French High Intensity Proton Injector (IPHI)",
R. Gobin et al.: RSI, Vol.73, n°2, February 2002 (922)
proceeding
proceeding of EPAC2002, Paris, FRANCE
P. Ausset et al.: Optical Transverse Beam Profile
R.
Gobin
Vol.73, n°2, February 2002 (922)
R.
Gobin et al.: RSI,
Measurements
for High Intensity Proton
Beam,
P.
Ausset
et
al.:
Optical
Transverse
Beam Profile
P.
Ausset
et
al.:
OpticalParis,
Transverse
proceedings of EPAC2002,
FRANCE Beam Profile
Measurements
for High
Measurements
Beam,
Proton
B. Pottin et al.: "Optical
beamIntensity
profiler for
high current
proceedings
of
EPAC2002,
Paris,
FRANCE
proceedings
beams", proceedings of EPAC 2000, Vienna, Austria
B.
Pottin
et al.:et "Optical
beam profiler
for2000,
B.
Pottin
high(1413)
current
"Optical
P-Y.
Beauvais
al.: RSI, Vol.71,
n°3, June
beams",
beams",
proceedings
of EPAC 2000,
Austria
R. Ferdinand
et al.: "Deuteron
BeamVienna,
Tests forAustria
IFMIF",
P-Y.
Beauvais
P-Y.
Beauvais
al.: RSI, Vol.71,
n°3, June 2000,
2000, (1413)
(1413)
proceedings
of et
EPAC2002,
FRANCE.
R. Ferdinand
Ferdinand et al.: "Deuteron
R.
"Deuteron Beam Tests for
for IFMIF",
IFMIF",
proceedings of EPAC2002, FRANCE.
proceedings