vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
x
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem Statement
2
1.3
Research Significant
3
1.4
Research Objectives
3
1.5
Research Methodology
4
1.6
Report Outline
5
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
6
2.2
Available Transfer Capability
6
2.2.1
Transfer Capability and Transmission Capacity
8
2.2.2
Limits of Transfer Capability
8
viii
2.3
Review Computation of ATC
10
2.4
Flexible AC Transmission System
11
2.4.1 Static Synchronous Compensator
13
2.4.2 Unified Power Flow Controller
14
2.5
Placement Strategy of FACTS
16
2.6
Review of Optimal Location Techniques
17
2.7
Power System Analysis Toolbox
17
2.8
3
18
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
20
3.2
Sensitivity Analysis Based on Loss Sensitive Index
20
3.2.1
LSI for STATCOM
21
3.2.2
LSI for UPFC
22
3.3
Criteria for Optimal Placement for UPFC and STATCOM
23
3.4
Continuation Power Flow
23
3.5
RPF and ATC
24
3.5.1
26
Matlab Code of RPF
3.6
Setting and Installing STATCOM and UPFC in PSAT
27
3.7
Project Process
29
3.8
4
Summary
Summary
30
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Introduction
32
4.2
Five Bus Test System
33
4.2.1
Comparison between LSI and CPF
33
4.2.2
Voltage and Real Power Profile
36
4.2.3
Computation of ATC
37
4.3
4.4
Fourteen Bus System
37
4.3.1
Comparison between LSI and CPF
38
4.3.2
Voltage and Real Power Profile
41
4.3.3
Computation of ATC
42
Twenty-Four Bus System
43
ix
4.5
5
4.4.1
LSI
44
4.4.2
Real Power Profile
45
4.4.3
Computation of ATC
46
Summary
46
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
5.1
Conclusions
47
5.2
Future Work
48
REFERENCES
Appendices A-C
49
52-70
x
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
4.1
LSI for STATCOM of 5-bus system
34
4.2
LSI for UPFC of 5-bus system
34
4.3
LSI for STATCOM of 14-bus system
39
4.4
LSI for UPFC of 14-bus system
39
4.5
LSI for STATCOM of 24-bus system
44
4.6
LSI for UPFC of 24-bus system
45
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Limits of Total Transfer Capability (TTC)
10
2.2
Thevenin equivalent circuit diagram of STATCOM (a) 13
STATCOM schematic diagram (b) STATCOM
equivalent circuit
2.3
Voltage source model of UPFC
14
2.4
Main graphical user interface of PSAT
18
3.1
PV curve for 14-bus system
24
3.2
STATCOM at bus 1
27
3.3
UPFC between buses 3 to 2
28
3.4
STATCOM parameters block
28
3.5
UPFC parameters block
29
3.6
Flow chart of methodology
30
4.1
5-bus system
33
4.2
PV curve for 5-bus system
34
4.3
Loss for STATCOM
35
4.4
Loss for STATCOM
35
xii
4.5
Volt profile with and without FACTS
36
4.6
Active power profile with and without FACTS
36
4.7
ATC with STATCOM and UPFC
37
4.8
14-bus system
38
4.9
PV curve for 14-bus system
40
4.10
Loss for line
40
4.11
Volt profile with and without STATCOM
41
4.12
Volt profile with and without UPFC
41
4.13
Active power profile with and without FACTS
42
4.14
ATC with STATCOM and UPFC
42
4.15
24-bus system
43
4.16
Active power profile with and without FACTS
45
4.17
ATC with STATCOM and UPFC
46