VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
3
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
II
DEDICATION
III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
IV
ABSTRACT
V
ABSTRAK
VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VII
LIST OF TABLES
IX
LIST OF FIGURES
X
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
XI
LIST OF SYMBOLS
XII
INTRODUCTION
1
1.0 Background
1
1.1 Problem Statement
3
1.2 Project Objective
4
LITERATURE REVIEW
5
2.0 Introduction
5
2.1 Historical Data Sets of Under Fill Process
6
METHODOLOGY
8
3.0 Introduction
8
3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization
8
VIII
3.1.1 PSO Parameters Initialization
4
5
10
3.2 Improved Kernel Regression
12
3.3 Modified Algorithm
13
SIMULATION RESULTS
15
4.0 Simulation Result 1
15
4.1 Simulation Result 2
17
4.2 Simulation Result 3
18
4.3 Simulation Result 4
19
4.4 Simulation Result 5
20
4.5 Simulation Result 6
21
4.6 Simulation Result 7
22
4.7 Simulation Result 8
23
4.8 Simulation Result 9
24
4.9 Simulation Result 10
25
4.10 Discussion
26
CONCLUSION
27
5.0 Conclusion
27
5.1 Future Work
27
REFERENCES
29
IX
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
The historical data sets of under fill process
6
4.1
Result with tongue length 256305.3
16
4.2
Result with tongue length 199574.8
17
4.3
Result with tongue length 246692
18
4.4
Result with tongue length 166709.3
19
4.5
Result with tongue length 250800.1
20
4.6
Result with tongue length 237581.9
21
4.7
Result with tongue length 215971.4
22
4.8
Result with tongue length 114980.7
23
4.9
Result with tongue length 243672.4
24
4.10
Result with tongue length 251815.5
25
X
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
Illustration of an under fill process in an assembly process
2
1.2
Tongue length produce with excessive amount of epoxy
3
1.3
Epoxy tongue touch the keep out zone
3
2.1
Picture of dispenser equipment
7
3.1
Basic PSO algorithm
10
3.2
Modified algorithm incorporating PSO and improved kernel
regression
13
4.1
Convergence plot for error 0.002
16
4.2
Convergence plot for error 0.026
17
4.3
Convergence plot for error 0.007
18
4.4
Convergence plot for error 0.002
19
4.5
Convergence plot for error 0.02
20
4.6
Convergence plot for error 0.002
21
4.7
Convergence plot for error 0.016
22
4.8
Convergence plot for error zero
23
4.9
Convergence plot for error 0.002
24
4.10
Convergence plot for error 0.001
25
XI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IBM
-
International Business Machine
C4
-
Controlled Collapse Chip Connection
LCD
-
Liquid Crystal Display
MATLAB
-
Matrix Laboratory
PSO
-
Particle Swarm Optimization
XII
LIST OF SYMBOLS
-
inertia weight
-
cognitive coefficient
-
social coefficient
-
random parameter
-
random parameter