Matakuliah : A0092 / Kepemimpinan
Tahun
: 2008 / 2009
Chapter 7
Managerial Traits and Skills
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Learning Objectives
• Understand how conceptions about the importance of
traits have changed over the past 70 years.
• Understand the types of research methods that have
been used to study leadership traits and skills.
• Understand what traits are most relevant for effective
leadership.
• Understand how traits and skills are related to leadership
behavior.
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Learning Objectives
• Understand how the relevance of each trait and skill
depends on the situation, type of organization, and
national culture.
• Understand the traits and skills that cause some people
to derail in their managerial careers. Understand the
different types of skills that are relevant for leadership
effectiveness.
• Understand the limitations of the trait approach.
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Nature of Traits and Skills
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Traits
Skills
Personality
Temperament
Needs
Motives
Values
Technical
Interpersonal
Conceptual
Early Research on Leader Traits and Skills
• Physical Appearance
• Aspects of Personality
• Aptitudes
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Major Programs of Research on Traits
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•
•
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McClelland’s Motivation Research
Miner’s Motivation Research
Critical Incident Research on Competencies
Longitudinal Research with Assessment Centers
Research on Managers who Derail
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Managerial Traits and Effectiveness
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•
•
•
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High energy and stress tolerance
Self-confidence
Internal locus of control
Emotional maturity
Personal integrity
Socialized power motivation
Moderately high achievement
Low need for affiliation
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Managerial Skills and Effectiveness
• Technical skills
• Conceptual skills
• Interpersonal intelligence
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Other Relevant Competencies
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•
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Emotional Intelligence
Social Intelligence
Ability to Learn
Personal Integrity
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Situational Relevance of Skills
High
Conceptual Skills
Interpersonal Skills
Skill
Level
Technical Skills
Low
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Lower
Level
Middle
Level
Top
Level
Applications: Guidelines for Managers
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Understand your strengths and weaknesses.
Develop relevant skills.
Remember that a strength can become a weakness.
Compensate for weaknesses.
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The Principles for Manager
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Understand the power and its weakness
Develop the relevant skill
Know that the power can be weakness
Give compensation for the weakness
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Summary
• Early trait studies attempted to identify physical
characteristics, personality traits, and abilities of people
believed to be “natural leaders.”
• Three general skills relevant to managers are
interpersonal, technical, and conceptual.
• The relative priority of the types of skills depends on the
type of organization and the level of management.
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