TEKNIK & PROSEDUR KONSOLIDASI
CONSOLIDATION TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES
Dalam bab ini akan dibahas prosedur penyusunan laporan keuangan
konsolidasi untuk induk perusahaan dan anak perusahaan serta
kendala-kendala yang mungkin timbul akibat pembukuan yang
kurang sempurna dari perusahaan yang akan dikonsolidasikan.
Cost Method - Traditional
PT. Puri and Subsidiary
Consolidation Working Papers
For the year ended December 31, 2003
PT.
PT.
Adjustments &
Minority Consolidated
Puri
Pondok
Eliminations
Interest
F/S
Income Statement :
- Revenue
300.000
75.000
375.000
- Dividend Income
12.000
- b.12.000
- Expenses
244.000
45.000 d. 1.500
(290.000)
- Minority Int. Income
6.000
(6.000)
Net Income
68.000
30.000
78.500
Retained Earnings :
- R/E – Puri 1/1
37.000
- d. 1.500 a. 8.000
43.500
- R/E – Pondok 1/1
40.000 c.40.000
- Add Net Income
68.000
30.000
78.500
- Deduct : Dividends
45.000
15.000
b.12.000
3.000
(45.000)
R/E Dec 31, 2002
60.000
55.000
77.000
Balance Sheet :
- Cash
46.000
20.000
66.000
- Note receivable-Pdk
10.000
e.10.000
- Other current assets
97.000
70.000
167.000
- Investment in Pondok
87.000
- a. 8.000 c.95.000
- Plant & Equipment
300.000 100.000
400.000
- Acc. Depreciation
60.000
40.000
(100.000)
- Goodwill
- c.15.000 d. 3.000
12.000
480.000 150.000
545.000
-
Note payable – Puri
Liabilities
Capital stock
Retained earnings
70.000
350.000
60.000
480.000
10.000
25.000
60.000
55.000
150.000
e.10.000
95.000
350.000
77.000
c.60.000
Minority Int. Jan 1, 03
Minority Int. Dec 31 03
c.20.000
20.000
23.000
23.000
545.000
Cost Method – Convertion to Equity
PT. Puri and Subsidiary
Consolidation Working Papers
For the year ended December 31, 2003
PT.
PT.
Adjustments &
Minority Consolidated
Puri
Pondok
Eliminations
Interest
F/S
Income Statement :
- Revenue
300.000
75.000
375.000
- Dividend income
12.000
- a.12.000
- Income from Pondok
- b.22.500 a.22.500
(290.000)
- Expenses
244.000
45.000 d. 1.500
6.000
(6.000)
- Minority Int. Income
Net Income
68.000
30.000
78.500
Retained Earnings :
- R/E – Puri 1/1
43.500
a. 6.500
43.500
- R/E – Pondok 1/1
40.000 c.40.000
- Add Net Income
68.000
30.000
78.500
- Deduct : Dividends
45.000
15.000
b.12.000
3.000
(45.000)
R/E Dec 31, 2002
60.000
55.000
77.000
Balance Sheet :
- Cash
46.000
20.000
66.000
- Note receivable-Pdk
10.000
e.10.000
- Other current assets
97.000
70.000
167.000
- Investment in Pondok
87.000
b.10.500
a.17.000 c.93.500
- Plant & Equipment
300.000 100.000
400.000
- Acc. Depreciation
60.000
40.000
(100.000)
- Goodwill
- c.13.500 d. 1.500
12.000
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-
Note payable – Puri
Liabilities
Capital stock
Retained earnings
480.000
70.000
350.000
60.000
480.000
150.000
10.000
25.000
60.000
55.000
150.000
545.000
95.000
350.000
77.000
e.10.000
c.60.000
Minority Int. Jan 1, 03
Minority Int. Dec 31 03
c.20.000
20.000
23.000
23.000
545.000
Adjustment point a merupakan konversi dari cost menjadi equity
dengan penghitungan sbb :
R/E Puri
31/12/02
Prior year effect :
- 80% of Pondok‘s undistributed
income for 2002
- Goodwill amortization – 2002
Current year effect :
-Investment decrease (15.000*80%)
-Equity in 2003 income of Pondok
-Goodwill amortization 2003
2003 working paper adjustments
Investment
in Pondok
Income from
Pondok
Dividend
income
8.000
(1.500)
8.000
(1.500)
-
-
6.500
(12.000)
24.000
(1.500)
17.000
24.000
(1.500)
22.500
(12.000)
(12.000)
Locating Errors :
Adalah tindakan yang harus dilakukan apabila saldo neraca
konsolidasi tidak balance. Ketidak seimbangan dapat terjadi karena:
1. Saldo awal masing2 perusahaan tidak balance
2. Pemisahan antara minority interest income dengan minority
interest equity
3. Jurnal penyesuaian & eliminasi yang tidak balance
EXCESS ALLOCATED TO IDENTIFIABLE NET ASSETS
3
Teknik identifikasi excess cost over book value dalam neraca
konsolidasi kedalam perkiraan aktiva & kewajiban tertentu sama
halnya denganteknik alokasi goodwill. Contoh :
PT. Prima mengakuisisi 90% saham PT. Supra pada tanggal
31/12/2002 dengan harga 3.650.000 tunai, pada saat SHE PT. Supra
tdd: modal saham 2.000.000 dan laba ditahan 500.000. Berikut
assets PT. Supra sesuai dengan nilai buku & nilai wajar :
Inventories
Land
Buildings
Equipment
Fair Value
Book Value
600.000
500.000
600.000
300.000
1.800.000
1.000.000
700.000
900.000
3.700.000
2.700.000
Under (over)
Valuation
100.000
300.000
800.000
(200.000)
1.000.000
Atas dasar informasi diatas maka PT. Prima mengalokasikan excess
cost over book value sebesar 1.400.000 (3.650.000 –
90%*2.500.000) kepada aktiva yang dapat di-identifikasikan dan
goodwill sbb :
Under (over)
valuation
Inventories
Land
Buildings – net
Equipment – net
Goodwill-remainder
100.000
300.000
800.000
(200.000)
-
Interest
Acquired
*
*
*
*
*
90%
90%
90%
90%
90%
Excess
Allocation
=
=
=
=
=
90.000
270.000
720.000
(180.000)
500.000
1.400.000
Amortization
Sold in 2003
None
36 years
9 years
10 years
Apabila pada tahun 2003 PT. Supra melaporkan laba sebesar
600.000 dan membagi dividen 100.000 pada tanggal 1 Juni dan 1
Desember (total 200.000) yang dibayar tanggal 1 bulan berikutnya.
Pada tahun 2003 PT. Supra menjual seluruh undervalued
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inventories tetapi untuk undervalued land, building dan equipment
masih tetap ada per 31/12/2003 sesuai dengan tabel amortisasi diatas. Selama tahun 2003 PT. Prima meminjamkan uang kepada
Supra sebesar 200.000 (non-interest bearing note). Supra membayar
pinjaman tersebut pada tanggal 30/12/2003, tetapi pembayaran
tersebut belum dibukukan pada neraca Prima (cash in transit)
PT. Prima and Subsidiary
Consolidated Balance Sheet Working Papers
December 31, 2002
PT.
PT.
Adjustments &
Consolidated
Prima
Supra
Eliminations
B/S
Balance Sheet :
- Cash
200.000
50.000
250.000
- Receivables - net
500.000
150.000
650.000
- Inventories
800.000
500.000
b.90.000
1.390.000
- Other current assets
400.000
100.000
500.000
- Investment in Supra
3.650.000
a.3.650.000
- Land
600.000
300.000
b.270.000
1.170.000
- Buildings – net
2.000.000 1.000.000
b.720.000
3.720.000
- Equipment – net
1.350.000
900.000
b.180.000
2.070.000
- Goodwill
b.500.000
500.000
- Unamortized excess
- a. 1.400.000 b.1.400.000
9.500.000 3.000.000
10.250.000
- Accounts payable
300.000
100.000
400.000
- Other liabilities
1.000.000
400.000
1.400.000
- Capital stock - Prima
7.000.000
7.000.000
- R/E - Prima
1.200.000
1.200.000
- Capital stock – Supra
- 2.000.000 a.2.000.000
- R/E – Supra
500.000
a. 500.000
- Minority interest
a.250.000
250.000
9.500.000 3.000.000
10.250.000
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PT. Prima and Subsidiary
Consolidation Working Papers
For the year ended December 31, 2003
(Ribuan Rp)
PT.
PT.
Adjustments &
Minority Consolidat
Prima
Supra
Eliminations
Interest
ed F/S
Income Statement :
- Revenue
9.000
3.000
12.000
- Income from Supra
400
- c.
400
- Cost of goods sold
6.000
1.500 e.
90
7.590
- Operating Expenses
1.900
900 f.
20 g.
20
2.850
- h.
50
- Minority Int. Income
60
60
Net Income
1.500
600
1.500
Retained Earnings :
- R/E – Prima 1/1
1.200
1.200
- R/E – Supra 1/1
500 d. 500
- Add Net Income
1.500
600
1.500
- Deduct : Dividends
1.000
200
c.
180
20
1.000
R/E Dec 31, 2002
1.700
900
1.700
Balance Sheet :
- Cash
80
150 b. 200
430
- Accounts rec. - net
260
200
460
- Note receivable-Supr
200
b. 200
- Inventories+other ca
1.400
650
2.050
- Land
600
300 e. 270
1.170
- Buildings – net
1.900
1.100 e. 720 f.
20
3.700
- Equipment - net
1.500
1.200 g.
20 e.
180
2.540
- Investment in Supra
3.960
a.
90
c.
220
d. 3.650
- Dividends receivable
- c.
90 i.
90
- Goodwill
- e. 500 h.
50
450
- Unamortized excess
d. 1.400 e. 1.400
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-
Dividends payable
Other liabilities
Capital stock
Retained earnings
Minority Int. Jan 1, 03
Minority Int. Dec 31 03
9.900
1.200
7.000
1.700
9.900
3.600
100
600
2.000
900
3.600
i.
10.800
10
1.800
7.000
1.700
90
d. 2.000
d.
250
250
290
290
10.800
Jurnal yang dibuat PT. Prima sebelum penyusutan kertas kerja
konsolidasi adalah sbb :
1/7-03 Dr. Cash (100.000 * 90%) .............. 90.000
Cr. Investment in PT. Supra ................... 90.000
(to record dividends from Supra)
31/12 Dr. Investment in Supra ................... 400.000
Cr. Income from Solo ............................... 400.000
(to record investment income from Supra determined as follows :
- Share of Supra’s net income ( 600.000 * 90%) ..... $ 540.000
- Amortization of excess allocated to :
* Inventories (90.000 * 100% recognized) ........ +90.000
* Buildings (720.000 : 36 years) ......................... –20.000
* Equipment (180.000 : 9 years) .......................... +20.000
* Goodwill (500.000 : 10 years) .......................... –50.000
Income from Supra for 2003
$ 400.000
TRIAL BALANCE WORKING PAPER FORMAT :
Apabila dalam penyusunan laporan konsolidasi belum terdapat
laporan keuangan (financial statement), maka dapat digunakan juga
laporan neraca saldo (trial balance).
Contoh soal :
Pada tanggal 1 Januari 2003 PT. Prisma mengakuisisi 90% saham
PT. Sakti dengan selisih sebesar Rp 14.000 diatas dari nilai buku
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yang dibukukan sebagai goodwill (10 tahun). Ringkasan perkiraan
investment in Sakti dari saat akuisisi sampai tanggal 31-12-2004 :
- Investment cost January 1, 2003 ...................................... 50.000
- Add : Income – 2003 (90% of Sakti $ 10.000 net income
less 1.400 amortization of goodwill)
7.600
- Investment balance December 31, 2003
57.600
- Add : Income 2004 (90% of Sakti’s 20.000 net income
less 1.400 amortization of goodwill) 16.600
- Deduct : Dividends received from Sakti (90% * 10.000)
-9.000
Investment balance December 31, 2004
65.200
PT. Prisma and Subsidiary
Consolidation working papers
For the year ended December 31, 2004
PT.
Prisma
Cash
6.800
Accounts rec.
30.000
Inventories
50.000
Plant & equip. 75.000
Invest. in Sakti 65.200
COGS
Operating exp.
Dividends
Goodwill
PT.
Sakti
20.000
15.000
25.000
45.000
-
Adj & Elim
Dr.
Cr.
80.000 30.000
19.600 20.000 d. 1.400
15.000 10.000
- c. 12.600
341.600 165.000
Acc. Depr.
25.000 11.000
Accounts pay.
45.000 34.000 e 5.000
Common stock 100.000 30.000 c. 30.000
R/E
35.000 20.000 c. 20.000
Sales
120.000 70.000 a. 14.000
Inc. fr. Sakti
16.600
- b. 16.600
341.600 165.000
Min.Int Jan1
Min.Int. Income (20.000 * 10%)
Consol net inc.
Consol R/E
Minor. Int. Dec
I/S
R/E
Min.
Int
Balance
sheet
26.800
40.000
75.000
120.000
-
a. 5.000
b. 7.600
c. 57.600
a. 14.000
96.000
41.000
b. 9.000
d. 1.400
15.000
1.000
11.200
273.000
36.000
74.000
100.000
35.000
176.000
c. 5.000
2.000
37.000
5.000
2.000
37.000
57.000
6.000
8
57.000
6.000
273.000
 PT. Prisma menjual barang dagang kepada Sakti pada tahun
2004 senilai 14.000
 PT. Sakti berhutang kepada Prisma sebesar 5.000 pada 31-122004
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