vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
x
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
xiv
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Background
1
1.2
Problem Statement
3
1.3
Objectives
4
1.4
Scope
4
1.5
Thesis Outline
4
LITERATURE REVIEW
6
2.1
Introduction
6
2.2
Faults on Power System
6
2.3
Acuter Event
8
viii
2.3.1
Fault Arc Path and Effect on Motor
9
2.4
Distance Relay
10
2.5
Auto-Recloser
11
2.5.1
13
2.6
Setting Reclosing Time
Induction Motor and Residue Voltage
16
2.6.1
19
The Theory Analysis of Induction Motor
Residue Voltage
2.6.2
2.7
3
Summary
20
23
METHODOLOGY
24
3.1
Introduction
24
3.2
Process Analysis
25
3.3
Circuit Construction
25
3.4
Components
26
3.5
4
Research on Residue Voltage
3.4.1
Source
27
3.4.2
Multimeter
28
3.4.3
Transmission Line
28
3.4.4
Circuit Breaker
30
3.4.5
Fault Component
31
3.4.6
Induction Motor
32
3.4.7
Online Frequency Scanner
33
3.4.8
Distance Relay
34
Summary
38
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
39
4.1
Introduction
39
4.2
No Fault Condition
39
4.3
Transient Fault Condition
41
ix
4.3.1
Transient Fault without Motor Load
42
Condition
4.3.2
Transient Fault with Induction Motor
46
Load Condition
4.4
Permanent Fault Condition
56
4.4.1
56
Permanent Fault without Motor
Load Condition
4.4.2
Permanent Fault with Motor Load
59
Condition
4.5
5
Summary
67
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
68
5.1
Conclusions
68
5.2
Recommendation
69
REFERENCES
70
APPENDIX A
72
x
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Main Parameter of Induction Motor
22
3.1
Configuration of Voltage Source
27
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
The typical load on transmission line network
3
2.1
The Photo of the fault type on transmission line
7
2.2
One-line of Monsanto-Johnsonville 161kv line
8
2.3
Power Quality data captured during unsuccessful
8
high-speed reclose.
2.4
3-Zone distance protection scheme
11
2.5
The typical operational settings of auto-recloser
12
2.6
Principle diagram of synchronous reclosing
14
2.7
Diagram of ΔU and δ on synchronism check relay
16
2.8
Auto-reclosing on lines with motors
17
2.9
Induction motor equivalent circuit.
21
2.10
Residual voltage and rotor current oscillogram in single
21
motor
2.11
Simulating model of reclosing for induction machine
22
2.12
Result of simulating
22
3.1
The schematic diagram of project flow
25
3.2
Establishment of 161 kV line reclosing on without
26
motor load
3.3
Establishment of 161 kV line reclosing on induction
26
motor load.
3.4
Three Phase Voltage Source
27
3.5
Multimeter
28
3.6
Transmission Line
28
3.7
The Type of Transmission Tower
30
3.8
Parameters of Line Model
30
3.9
Circuit Breaker
30
xii
3.10
Three Phase Fault
31
3.11
The Fault Type
31
3.12
Squirrel Cage Induction Machine
32
3.13
The induction motor definition by CSMF
32
3.14
Online Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
33
3.15
Distance relay design by PSCAD
34
3.16
The control part of Distance relay
35
3.17
The Distance relay definition by CSMF
35
3.18
Line to Ground Impedance Component
36
3.19
The Distance relay definition by CSMF
36
3.20
Line to Line Impedance Component
37
3.21
MHO Circle Component
37
4.1
No Fault Condition
40
4.2
Without motor load condition model by PSCAD
42
4.3
Signal Phase Fault without Motor Load Condition
44
4.4
Signal Phase Fault without Motor Load Condition
46
4.5
Induction motor load condition model by PSCAD
46
4.6
Three Phase Fault without Motor Load Condition
49
4.7
Three Phase Fault with Induction Motor Load
51
Condition
4.8
Three Phase Fault with Induction Motor Load
53
Condition
4.9
Three Phase Fault with Induction Motor Load
56
Condition
4.10
Permanent Fault without Motor Load Condition
58
4.11
Permanent Fault without Motor Load Condition
61
4.12
Permanent Fault without Motor Load Condition
62
4.13
Permanent Fault with Motor Load Condition
64
4.14
Permanent Fault with Motor Load Condition
66
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Ea
-
Voltage Source
Ia
-
Current phase a
UV
-
Under-Voltage
OV
-
Over-Voltage
TEF
-
Transient Energy Function
KV
-
Low Voltage Element
KY
-
Synchronous Element
AAR
-
Auto-Recloser
MATLAB
-
Math Lab
W
-
Motor Speed
CSMF
-
Continuous System Model Function
FFT
-
Fast Fourier Transform
MAG
-
Magnitude
PH
-
Phase
PSCAD
-
Power System CAD
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
A
PAGE
Output of Channels
72