Biology Transport Unit Homework Packet #1
Name
Hour
DUE:
HW #1
Chp. 21.3
Reading
Questions
HW #2
Blood Lab
HW #3
Part A
Part B
Part C
Part D
Drawings
Questions
Red Gold Computer
Activity
_______ / 5 possible points
Chapter 21.3 Homework
In your textbook, read about blood in Chapter 21.3 (pg. 601 – 603).
A. Complete the table by checking the correct column(s) for each description.
Blood Components
Description
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Round with nucleus
Release clotting substance
Have no nuclei
Live for about 10 days
Found in plasma
Most numerous of all
blood cells
Fight infection from
invading organisms
Produced from bone
marrow
Also called “erythrocytes”
Also called “leukocytes”
Use book to find number
of cells per cubic milliliter
B. Complete each statement.
1. __________________, the liquid portion of blood, contains __________
_______________________________________________________.
2. Red blood cells carry _____________________, a protein-iron compound that
functions in the transport of _________________.
3. After about three months, red blood cells ________________ and are
filtered from the blood by the ________ and the _____________.
4. Anemia may be caused by __________________________________
______________________________________________________.
5. After an injury, an insoluble protein called ______________ forms a blood
clot that _________________, preventing excessive blood loss.
6. There are five types of _________________, which are formed within
__________________________ and protect the body against disease.
C. Thinking Lab
Read the “Thinking Lab” on page 602 of your textbook.
1. Examine Graph A. In the space below, interpret the results of the lab. Propose
a reason WHY you think hemoglobin had that effect.
2. Look at Graph B. Describe a complete meal that you would prepare for someone
if they had iron deficiency.
D. Critical Thinking Questions
1. Doctors highly recommend that women who are between the ages of 12 and 50
get more iron than men who are the same age because of the risk of developing
anemia. Why would these women be at a higher risk of developing anemia than
women who are older? Explain. (HINT: Think about what females age 12-50
experience that older women and all males do not).
2. You go to the doctor because you have a sore on your foot. The doctor suspects
that you either have an infection or diabetes (people with diabetes mellitus are
BLOOD LAB
Introduction:
Blood is a tissue made up of two different components, living cells and nonliving
liquid. The cellular part has three different cell types, each having different
functions or jobs. These three cell types are called red blood cells (erythrocytes),
white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets. The liquid part is called plasma.
In this lab you will:
 Examine and diagram the three different blood cell types.
 Compare the blood cell types by appearance, function and prevalence.
 Examine whole blood, blood plasma, and buffy coat.
 Compare plasma to the cell types by appearance, function and prevalence.
Procedure:
Part A: Whole Blood
1. Examine a tube of uncentrifuged whole blood. Do not touch the tube!
2. What are the four main components of blood:
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Examine a tube of centrifuged whole blood. Do not touch the tube!
4. Label the visible fractions of the whole centrifuged blood in the figure.
Plasma = yellow Buffy coat = white or uncolored
Cellular portion = red
Next to each fraction describe what the fraction is composed of:
Composition
(material present)
Function (Job of
material in this layer)
Part B: Red Blood Cells
1. Examine a prepared slide of human blood under low power. Locate the red
blood cells (RBC’s). These cells are numerous VERYsmall under low power.
2. Switch to high power and focus on several RBC’s. They are pink and will be
the most common cells in your field of view.
3. Draw, label and color one or two RBC’s in Table 1. Label and color the cell
membrane (dark red) and the cytoplasm (light red).
4. Count the number of red cells present in your field of view and record in
Table 1. (Note: count ¼ of the field and multiply by 4.)
5. Observe and draw the blood of a person with Sickle cell anemia.
Part C: White Blood Cells
1. Using high power, locate several cells that have a nucleus. They should
appear darker in color than RBC’s. Some may have small dots or granules
within them. Theses are white blood cells .
2. Draw, label and color one or two white blood cells in Table 1. Label the
cell membrane (purple), cytoplasm, (yellow), and the nucleus (purple).
3. Count and record the number of WBC’s in one field of view in Table 1.
Part D. Platelets:
1. Use high power to locate very small, star-like fragments that appear dark
and irregularly shaped. These are platelets.
2. Draw several platelets in Table 1. Label any parts you can identify.
3. Count and record the number of platelets in one field in Table 1.
Diagram Label and Color Number of Cells in Field
Cell Type
Red Blood Cells
Sickle Cell RBC
White Blood Cells
Platelet
Questions:
1. What is the function of red blood cells?
2. What are the main functions of white blood cells?
3. Structurally, list any differences between RBC’s and WBC’s.
4. What is the main function of platelets?
5. Where in the body are most blood cells produced?
6. On your first day of being a blood lab technician, you collect blood from a
patient, count their cells, and develop the following graph:
RBC -
Blood Cell Numbers per mL
600,000
Number of Cells
A. Use pages 602 and 603 in your
textbook to determine if these
numbers are normal or if a cell
type is too high or too low.
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
WBC -
0
RBC
Platelet – ____________
WBC
Platelet
Blood Cell Type
B. You make a mistake with the next patient and collect 4 mL of blood instead of
1 mL. You decide to go ahead and analyze the sample you have – why take even
more blood from them? Your data for 4 ml’s is shown below. How many cells
would you find in 1 mL of their blood? Show your work.
RBC – 20,920,504 cells
How many in 1 mL?
WBC – 157,528 cells
How many in 1 mL?
Platelets – 1,591,300 cells
How many in 1 mL?
NAME: _____________________ HR:___
“RED GOLD” WEBSITE WORKSHEET
The following website has great information on the biology and history of blood.
You will be divided into groups to work on individual sections of the worksheet. You
will then share your answers with other students who investigated different
questions. There are many audio and video links in some sections. Take the time to
listen and watch to learn more about this fascinating topic.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/journey/index.html
BLOOD JOURNEY PHASE 1: CREATION OF BLOOD
WHAT IS BLOOD MADE OF?
1. Each blood cell has a scientific name. What is the scientific name for each
of the following blood cells?
A. red blood cells –
B. white blood cells –
C. platelets –
HOW IS BLOOD PRODUCED?
1. Where are all blood cells produced?
2. In adults, what three types of bones continue to make blood?
A.
B.
C.
3. When oxygen levels are low, why does the kidney make a hormone called
erythropoietin?
BLOOD JOURNEY PHASE 2: THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HOW IT WORKS
1. Describe the purpose of each of the following types of circulation (use the
animation for assistance):
A. Pulmonary circulation –
B. Coronary circulation –
C. Systemic circulation –
D. Portal circulation –
E. Renal circulation –
BLOOD VESSELS
1. Why do the veins you can see through your skin appear to be blue?
BLOOD JOURNEY PHASE 3: DONATION
WHAT TO EXPECT WHEN DONATING
1. During blood donation, how long is the needle in someone’s arm?
2. How long does someone have to wait before being able to donate again?
TESTING DONATED BLOOD
1. In addition to ABO group and Rh factor type, what infectious diseases is the
donated blood tested for?
BLOOD JOURNEY PHASE 4: BLOOD BANKS
THE BLOOD CENTER
1. A single donation has the potential to save ____ lives.
2. Why would someone need a transfusion of each of these blood parts:
A. red blood cells –
B. platelets –
C. plasma –
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION
1. Every ____ seconds, someone in the United States needs blood.
BLOOD JOURNEY PHASE 5: THE TRANSFUSION
WHO NEEDS TRANSFUSIONS?
1. Do all surgeries require a blood transfusion?
2. Do all surgeries require a person to receive blood that is a perfect match?
BLOOD TYPING
1. Which are the two most common blood types in the U.S.?
2. Which is the rarest blood type in the U.S.?
BLOOD HISTORY
2500 BCE – 999CE
1. What was learned by Herophilus during public human dissections in 300 B.C.?
1000 – 1699
9. During this time, the first blood transfusions take place. These are not from
one human to another, but from animal to human. Name 2 animals that were
used for these types of transfusions.
A.
B.
1700 – 1919
1. In what year were blood groups discovered?
10. What chemical needs to be added to blood to prevent it from clotting?
1920 – 1949
1. Currently, blood is stored in plastic bags. What was blood stored in prior to
1949 (see 1948)?
1950 – 2002
1. When is AIDS first reported?
2. When is the first blood screening test for the presence of HIV developed?
3. Prior to this, how many Americans became infected by HIV as a result of a
blood transfusion?
BLOOD BASICS: BLOOD IN THE BODY
BLOOD PLASMA
1. Plasma makes up ____% of human blood.
2. Large batches of plasma can help save people with what disorder?
3. Watch the video: what color is plasma?
BLOOD GROUPS AND TYPING
1. Watch the video: How did Karl Landsteiner determine that there are
different blood types?
BLOOD BASICS: EARLY PRACTICES
BLOODLETTING
1. What is “bloodletting”?
2. Why would doctors perform bloodletting on their patients?
3. Bloodletting was practiced by the Ancient Egyptians and Ancient Greeks and
even persisted in rural America until ______________________.
4. Watch the video: Bloodletting played a role of the death of which U.S.
President?
LEECHES
1. Because of their popular use, what almost happened to leeches in Europe?
2. For what surgeries are leeches still used today?
BARBER-SURGEONS
1. What was a barber’s job?
BLOOD BASICS: BLOOD IN WAR
BLOOD ON THE HOOF
1. What does the term “blood on the hoof” refer to?
RED CROSS BLOOD DONOR SERVICE
1. See the section entitled ” General Considerations”. Prior to the attack on Pearl
Harbor, how many pints of blood were collected each week?
2. After Pearl Harbor, many people were willing to donate their blood. How many
pints were collected in the week following Pearl Harbor?
BLOOD BASICS: THE BLOOD SUPPLY
AUTOLOGOUS TRANSFUSION
1. What does the term “autologous transfusion” mean?
2. Watch the video: How are doctors able to reduce the amount of blood needed
during a complex surgery like heart surgery?