Biology 12
Female Reproduction Practice Exam
KEY
Part A: Multiple Choice
Use the following information to answer question 1.
1. Urethra
2. Epididymis
3. Vagina
4. Oviduct
5. Ductus vas deferens
1. Which of the following would be the correct path of a sperm on its way to fertilize an egg?
a) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
b) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2
c) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5
d) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4
2. Sac-like structure that encloses egg during its development.
a) vas deferens
b) epididymis
c) follicle
d) cervix
3. The function of the endometrium is to
a) carry the egg to the uterus
b) release the egg once a month
c) produce hormones for the uterine cycle
d) provide nourishment for the developing embryo
4. The carbon dioxide produced by the developing fetus is removed by the
a) cervix
b) placenta
c) oviducts
d) corpus luteum
5. Menstruation is the discharge of
a) a follicle
b) the uterine lining
c) the corpus luteum
d) the cells lining the vagina
6. Which hormone triggers the release of the egg from the developing follicle?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
d) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
7. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the sequence of events during the
ovarian and uterine cycles?
a) Ovulation occurs when progesterone levels decrease
b) The endometrium is shed as estrogen levels increase
c) As the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels decrease
d) When implantation occurs, HCG hormone levels decrease
8. Which of the following describes the hormonal levels on day one of a 28 day uterine cycle?
Estrogen
Progesterone
a)
Low
high
b)
High
high
c)
Low
low
d)
High
low
9. Most birth control pills work by preventing egg maturation. These pills contain which of the
following hormones?
a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone
c) LH
d) FSH
10. A rise in blood levels of FSH at the beginning of the ovarian cycle causes
a) Menopause
b) The release of the egg
c) The maturation of the follicle
d) The breakdown of the endometrium
11. Low levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood will result in
a) Fertilization
b) No ovulation
c) Menstruation
d) Destruction of the corpus luteum
12. Which of the following, if present in urine samples, would indicate pregnancy?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) LH
d) HCG
13. Ovulation is primarily caused by
a) Estrogen
b) LH
c) Progesterone
d) Testosterone
Part B: Matching
Word List
corpus luteum
estrogen
oogenesis
Leutininzing Hormone
ovary
cervix
vagina
oviduct (Fallopian tube)
uterus
estrogen
zygote
ovulation
Process
opening between the vagina and uterus
responsible for proliferation of endometrium
secreted by follicle
site of egg production
promotes development of corpus luteum
implants into endometrium lining
release of an egg from the follicle
site of fetal development
usual site of fertilization
birth canal
production of eggs
formed from follicle that has discharged egg
From Word List
cervix
estrogen
estrogen
ovary
LH
embryo
ovulation
uterus
Fallopian tube
vagina
oogenesis
Corpus luteum
Part C: Short Answer
1. Label each of the following:
1. Fallopian tube (oviduct)
2. Ovary
3. Uterus
4. Cervix
5. Vagina
6. Endometrium
2. Label the following diagram.
Structure
1. Follicle
2. Egg
3. Corpus luteum
Name the process that is occurring at day 14. Ovulation
What happens during the development of an egg? A normal body cell with 46 chromosomes
is changed to an egg with 23 chromosomes.
The hormone responsible for the development of 1 is called FSH
The hormone responsible for the development of 3 is called LH
3. Name the source, target and function of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH) in females.
Source
Target in females
Function in
females
FSH
Anterior pituitary gland
Ovaries
Causes development of follicle
and egg
Causes release of estrogen from
follicle
LH
Anterior pituitary gland
Ovaries
Causes ovulation
Causes development of corpus
luteum
Causes corpus luteum to release
progesterone (+ some estrogen)
4. Describe the source and functions of the following hormones.
estrogen
progesterone
Source
Follicle
Corpus luteum
Functions in
Causes proliferation (thickening)
Causes secretory phase of
females
of endometrium.
endometrium (endometrium
becomes thick and vascular)
5. Describe the location and function of the cervix.
Location: opening to uterus
Function: help guide sperm to uterus
6. List 2 characteristics of the endometrium of the uterus during the second half of the menstrual
cycle.
Secretory and vascular
7. Name the hormone responsible for the characteristics of the endometrium in the second half of
the menstrual cycle.
Progesterone (+ some estrogen)
8. Assuming pregnancy does not occur, what happens to the endometrium on or about the 28
day of a 28 day cycle and why?
Endometrium is shed because of decreasing estrogen and progesterone
9. Describe what is happening to the endometrium thickness and why?
Day 1-5
Mensus – shedding of endometrium
Due to falling estrogen and progesterone
levels
Day 6-14
Proliferation phase – thickening of
Endometrium due to increased estrogen
Estrogen is being produced by follicle
Day 15-28
Secretory phase – endometrium becomes secretory and vascular
Due to increasing progesterone (+ estrogen)
Corpus luteum develops and secretes progesterone and estrogen
10. Name and state the function of the hormone produced by the early embryo during
implantation.
HCG (human choriogonadotropic hormone) is secreted from the embryo
Prevents degeneration of corpus luteum
Therefore estrogen and progesterone levels stay high
Mensus is shut off
No new eggs develop and no further ovulation
th