Social Studies 9
Final Exam Review Package
PAT Date: January 23 at 8:45 AM
Name: _____________________________________________________________
M ake su re th at you are fami liar with the vocabu lary for each
chapter and that they appear in your glossary sheets.
UN IT A Eco no mics, Co nsu meris m and Qu ality o f Lif e
Boycotts
Cap ital
Central P lanning
Co llective
Bargaining
Co llectivism
Co mmo n/P ub lic
Good
Co mp etition
Constitution
Co nsumer
Co nsumeris m
Cooperation
Co rporatio n
Cro wn Corporation
Eco logical
Eco no mic
Continuum
/Spectrum
Eco no mic
Develop ment
Eco no mic Freedo m
Eco no mic G ro wth
Eco no mic Sp ectrum
Eco no mic System
Eco no mics
Emp loyment
Entrepreneur
Enviro nmental
P rotection
Equality
Equilib rium
Executives
Financial Security
Foreign Invest ment
Free Trade
Goods and Services
Tax
Go vernment G rants
Go vernment
O wnership
Gross Do mestic
P roduct
Health Care
Inco me
Inco me Assistance
Inco me
Distribution
Inco me Gap
Inco me T ax
Individualism
Industrial
Expansion
Inequality of
Wealth
Investors
Labour
Labour Dispute
Labour Union
Land
Lef t Wing
Legislation
Lobby
Market Econo my
Marketing/
Advertising
Means of
P roduction
Mix ed Econo my
Necessities
Pension
P ension P lans
P rivate O wnership
Privatization
P roducer
P rofit
P rofit Motive
P rogressive Inco me
Tax
Pub lic Education
Pub lic Health Care
Pub lically O wned
Quality Of Life
Regulation
Right Wing
Risk
Scarcity
Self Interest
Self-Reliance
Social P rograms
So cial We lf are
Strike
Supp ly And
Demand
Tax Breaks
Trade Unions
U n e mp lo y me n t
U n io n M e mb er sh ip
Wages and Benefits
Welfare
Welfare System
Wo rk Co nd it io ns
Wo rkp lace Safe t y
Co mmand Eco no my
Shift Left
Shift Right
Mo nopo ly
Sales Tax
1
Black Market
Underground
Eco no my
Climate Change
Greenhouse Gases
Kyoto Protoco l
Ratified
Oil Sands/Tar
Sands
International
Agreement
Democrats
Repub licans
UN IT B Canada’ s Federal P o litical Syste m and P o litical Decisio n
Making
Accountab ility
Bias
Cab inet
Camp aign
Contributions /
Donations
Camp aigning
Constituents
Election P rocess
Elections
Electorate
Executive Branch
Federal Court
First P ast the Post
Governor General
House of Co mmo ns
How a Bill is
passed (all steps
and stages)
Inco me T ax
Judicial Branch
Labour Union
Legislation
Legislative Branch
Lobby Group
Majority
Go vernment
Media
Minority
Go vernment
Official Opposition
P arliament
Po litical
Candidates
Po litical P arty
Po litical P latforms
Popular Vote
P rime Minister
Senate
Social P rograms
Tax Breaks
Voting
Constitution
Minorities
Rep by Pop
Judges
Sup reme Court
Civil Service
Legislation
Conservative P arty
Liberal P arty
NDP
Green Party
Blo c Quebecois
UN IT C Indi vidu al and Co llecti ve Rights
Affirm
Ang lo p ho ne
Annuity
Assimilate
Autono my
Canadian Charter
of Rights and
Freedo ms
Co llective Identity
Co llective Rights
Constitution
Entrenching
Ethnocentrism
First Nations
Francophone
Indian
Indian Act
Inherent Rights
Labour union
Metis
N u mb e r ed T re at i e s
Official Language
Co mmunity
Official Language
Minorities
P atriate
Pub licly Funded
Reserve
Scrip
Sovereignty
Sup reme Court
Fundamental
Freedoms
Democratic Rights
Mobility Rights
Legal Rights
Equality Rights
Residential School
Suffrage
Internment
Inuit
Ammendment
2
UN IT D Immig r atio n and Yo uth Ju stice
Classes of
Immigrants
Deportation
Eco no mic Factors
Elizabeth Fry
Society
Fair and Equitab le
Immigration
Immigration and
Refugee Board
Individual Rights
and Freedo ms
John Ho ward
Society
Jury Duty
Legal Rights
Offence
Persecution
Point System
Privacy
P ro vincial
No minatio n
P rogram
Refugees
Rehabilitate
Reintegrate
Sentence
Young Offender
Youth Criminal
Justice Act
Community
Service
Criminal Record
Jury
Defense
Prosecution
Seq uester
Criminal Code of
Canada
Immigration and
Refugee
Protection Act
Demographic
Labour Force
Growth
Chinese Head Tax
Health Factors
Security Factors
Political Factors
Excluded
3
E c o no mi c S y st e ms a nd Q u a l i t y o f L if e
M i x e d E c o n o my : C a n a d a
•
Degree of
g o ve r n me n t
in vo lve me nt
•
•
•
Benefits:
• For individuals
• For groups
•
•
Disadvantages:
• For individuals
• For groups
Other E vidence/
Infor mat io n
•
So me resources are
pub licly o wned and
so me are p rivately
o wned
Individuals and
go vern ment both mak e
decisio ns about what
to produce.
Individual consu mers
and go vern ment
inf luence econo mic
decisio n making
There is still good
choice for consu mer
products at
co mp et i t i ve p r i c es an d
peop le still have the
opportunity to make a
g o o d li vi n g co mp ar ed
to others.
Everyone receives good
health care, education
etc.
Not as much consumer
choice and so me th ings
ma y b e mo re
expensive.
So me group s may have
to pay a higher
percentage on their
tax es if the make more
mo ney
• Canadian oil executives
s t i l l ma k e mo r e mo n e y
t h an t e ache r s mak e but in
r e t u r n p ay mo r e t ax e s
( P r o g r e s s i ve I n c o me T ax )
and both will receive the
s a me me d i c a l a t t e n t i o n i f
they are sick. In C anada,
t he r e ar e many p lace s t o
c o mp a r a t i ve s h o p f o r mo s t
goods, (W al-Mart vs.
Canadian Tire) but they
can not shop around for
cheaper/better health
care.
M ar k e t E c o n o my : U n i t e d
States
•
•
•
Resources are privately
o wned
Individuals make
decisions on how to
use resources
Individual consu mers
drive econo mic
decisio n making by
choosing what to b uy.
•
The re is a lo t o f
choice in consu mer
products and
individuals have the
ab ility to make a good
li vi n g . Co mp et i t io n
usually means cheap er
prices
Lo wer taxes
•
•
•
•
So me group s may not
b e ab le to affo rd
necessary services if
they are priced out of
their limit.
A me r i c a n s c a n ma k e a
lo t mo r e mo n e y t h a n
C a n a d i a n s i n s o me f i e ld s
of work can. They have
a lo t o f c o n s u me r c h o i c e
wh e n i t c o me s t o s o me
products such as cell
phone providers. They
are also cheaper because
o f t h i s c o mp e t i t i o n .
S o me A me r i c a n s c a n n o t
afford basic necessities
such as healt h care.
4
Directions: U se the Word Bank to complete the sentences. Words
may b e u sed more th an once.
c o ns u me r
e n vi r o n me nt s
g o ve r nme nt
i n d i vi d u a l
le f t
m ar k e t e c o no my
middle
m i x e d e c o no my
p lan ne d
e c o no my
p r i vat e ly r u n
right
u nc r e at i ve
we ak ne s s
1) Pensions to support senior citizens would be an example of a
shift left
1. 2) In a pure market economy the consumer drives all economic
decision making.
2) All Canadian s b enefit wh en workers are fairly paid and h ave
proper, safe working environments
3) Private companies respond to consu mer demand with
________________ and ________________ - and that creates more
and better job s for everyone.
4) Crown corporations are needed b ecause Canadians need
government involvement in creating the pub lic good.
5) A planned economy is an economic system where government
makes the decisions on how to use resources.
6) Canada’ s government wou ld b e found in the middle of the
economic continuum.
7) Brian M ulroney making cuts to government spending was
considered to be a shift right
5
C o nsu me r i s m
List some examples of opportunities (positives) and challenges
(negatives) that consumerism can create for society?
Opportunities of Consumerism
on Society
+ Econo mic G ro wth
+ Cre at e s a lo t o f job s (h ighe r
standard of living)
+Imp ro ves Quality of Life when
p eop le h ave many modern
conveniences.
Challenges of Consu merism on
Society
-Har ms the enviro nment
-Lo wer standard of living for
p eop le in so me countries b ecause
co mp an i e s o r so co mp e t it i ve th e y
ma y p ay lo w wag e s, h a ve b ad
wo rk ing conditions etc.
-May harm Quality of Life if we
li ve in po llu t ed are as and lo se
are natural environment due to
production of consumer goods.
Wh at are the 5 factors th at guide consu mer beh aviour?
Health, safety, jobs, the en viron ment and marketing.
De scribe the 6 techniques th at advertisers use to sell products and
pro vide an example for each.
Advertising
Techniques
Bandwagon Effect
Emotional Appeal
Glittering
Generalities
Plain Folks Appeal
Testimonials
Scientific Appeal
Definition
Encourages you to buy a
product or service
because everyone else is
U s e s st ro ng e mo t io n a l
language that connects
with your fears and
desires
Relates the product or
s e r vic e to wo rd s o r
images that promise
everything
Relates a product or
service to the
experience of ordinary
fo lk s
Use celebrities or
experts to speak for a
product
Uses statistics or
scientific data to
p ersuade consu mers to
buy a product or service
Example
Answers wi ll vary
Answers wi ll vary
Answers wi ll vary
Answers wi ll vary
Answers wi ll vary
Answers wi ll vary
6
S o c i a l P r o g r a ms a nd T ax at io n
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
F
1. Health care is completely free for all Canadian citizens.It is not
free because it is paid through taxes.
T
2. Health care services in the United States are run like businesses
and can make a profit.
F
3. Canada’ s Employment Insurance program is supported by
taxes.Everyone wh o works h as E.I taken off their pay cheq ue.
T
4. Canadian citizens, wh o h ave lived in Canada for 10 years or more,
can collect a monthly pension once they turn 60 years old.
T
5. Alb erta is the only province th at does not collect provincial sale s
tax on products and services.
T
6. Stu dents wh o work part-time generally do not h ave to pay income
tax because they do not earn enough money.
F
7. The Bloc Québécois h as candidates in every province and territory
in Canada to represent the rights of the French language
minorities. They only run candidates in Quebec
F
8. The follo wing is a li st of req uirements needed in order to b e a
member of a political party:
-M u st b e a resident of Canada
-M u st b e at least 16 years old some are 14
-M u st not b e a memb er of another party.Can b e a memb er of
another party
F
9. Sir John A. M acDonald ch ampioned the idea of a health care
system paid for b y taxes and avai lab le for all Canadian s. It was
Tommy Douglas, leader of the CCF (now NDP)
T
10. All of the major political parties in Canada agree that health care
in Canada sh ould not be privatized.
T
11. A government th at provides some social programs for its citizens
wou ld h ave a mixed economy.
7
F
12. Bloc Québ écois and the Green Party of Canada are the only two
political parties in Canada that list “the federal role of Québec”
as one of their platform issues. Only the BQ h ave this as an issue
in their platform
F
13. A party’s political platform never changes.
T
14. It is illegal to not report your income to the government.
F
15. The median income for families in Alberta in 2005 was $67 000.
Alb erta h as the highest median income in Canada at $76,000
S o c i a l P r o g r a ms a nd T ax at io n
Complete each statement.
1. A financial gain made b y a company or owner of a b u siness is
called a(n) profit
2. The government of Canada supports the idea of using taxes to
provide services to citizens. The United States does not support
this idea as much as Canada does.
3. Canadians pay for health care, income assistance, and pensions
with taxes. The U.S. does not offer pensions as a social program.
4. Canadian families pay approximately 35 percent of their income
on taxes.
5. Everyone in Canada pays G.S.T. regardless of the province or
territory in wh ich they li ve.
6. In order for a new political party to have its name appear on a
ballot during an election, it must have the endorsement of at least
no voters.
7. A government th at provides extensive social programs and plays a
central role in the economy wou ld appear towards the planned
economy side of the economic continuu m.
8. There are five major political parties in Canada.
9. There are two major political parties in the United States.
10. The more money a person earns, the more income tax he or she
has to pay.
8
Matching
S o c i a l P r o g r a ms a nd T ax at io n
Ma tch t he f ol lowi ng wor ds or ter ms t o t hei r cor r ect descr i pt i on below.
A. tax base
B. health insu rance
C. dental care
D. constitution
E. crime, health care, and lower taxes
F. Ab original peoples, agricu lture, and wo men’s eq uality
G. median
H. social services
C
1. the Canada Health Act does not cover this service
F
2. key issues in the Liberal Party’s platform
B
3. a company’s agreement to pay for health care in exchange for a
monthly fee
G
4. in statistics, the middle nu mb er th at separates the higher h alf
from the lo wer half
H
5. affordab le housing, pensions, and income assistance
D
6. Unlike Canada’s, the U.S.’s __________ does not identify federal or
state responsibilities for social programs.
A
7. all the economic activity th at governments tax
E
8. key issues in the Conservative Party’s platform
E nvi r o nme nt a l Is s u e s
9
Ho w do en viron mental issues connect to quality of life? Find 3
examples b ased on the mind map.
Answers wi ll vary.
Please see M s. Kongsru d
F e de r al P o l it ic a l S y st e m
Complete the following ch art b y answering wh at are the 3
branches of government and list 3 things th at each branch is
responsib le for.
The 3 Branches of Canada’s
Federal System
The responsibilities of these
federal branches are?
-proposes laws
-puts laws into action
1.EXECU TIVE BRANCH
-runs the day to day business of
the government
-makes laws
-represents the interests and the
2.LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
rights of Canada’s regions
-applies and interprets laws
3.JUDICIAL BRANCH
10
Wh at are the advantages and disadvantages of Canada’s
Senate?Record your answers in the ch art b elow.
Advantages of Senate
+sober second thought
+represent minorities
Disadvantages of Senate
-not elected
-ineffective because they are
not elected
+represent regions
Wh at is the difference b etween winning b y popu lar vote versu s
by first past the post?
Define each term and then write an explanation of wh at they
b enefit of each wou ld b e?
Popular Vote
Definition-
First Past the Post
Definition-
The total votes cast in the
election is looked at and each
party receives the same amount
of seats as they did percentage
of votes
In every electoral district the
candidate with the mo st votes
wins the seat in the House of
Commons
Benefit-
Benefit-
All people who voted h ave
representation in the
government and parties need to
cooperate and come up with a
middle ground
Creates a clear majority that
can effective ly do wh at their
platform set out to do.
11
Complete the following ch art on the role of M emb ers of
Parliament.
What is their role?
Where do they work?
To represent the constituents in their
riding and to create legislation
In the House of Commons and in their
constituency.
Who give s them their
job?
The voters in their riding.
When the Prime Minister
gives them special duties
what is this called?
The Prime M inister gives them a
portfolio or appoints them to the
Cabinet.
What are some portfolios
that the Prime Minister
might ask MPs to work
in?
Agriculture/Defence/Finance/Health/
Industry/Internat ional Trade/N atural
Resources/Revenue/Treasury/Canadian
H e r i t ag e / D e mo c r at i c R e f o r m/ F i s h e r i e s
and O ce ans/ Hu man Re sour ce s and Soc ial
D e ve lo p me n t / I n t e r g o ve r n me n t a l
Affairs/ Justice/ P ublic Safety/
Seniors/Veteran Affairs/Cit izenship and
I m mi g r a t i o n / E n vi r o n me n t / I n d i a n a n d
Northern Affairs/ Foreign Affairs/
Internat ional Cooperat ion/ L abour/ P ub lic
Works/ Transport ation
Draw an illu stration th at shows the u su al path th at a bill
takes b efore it b ecomes a law.
How a Bill becomes a Law an Illustrated Journey
House of Commons
Senate
Royal Assent
Step 1: First Reading
Printed copies of the bill are made available for the first time. There is no
debate or vote.
Step 2: Second Reading
Debate and vote on the principle of the vote. Does the bill serve the interests of
Canadians?
Step 3: Committee Stage
Detailed study of the bill. A committee reviews the bill with the help of experts,
witnesses and citizens.
Step 4: Report Stage
The committee issues a report with recommendations. The changes are debated
and voted on.
Step 5: Third Reading
Debate and vote on the final form of the bill
If any changes are made in the Senate, the b ill mu st go b ack to
the House of Commons and go through the stages again. The
Hou se of Commons always gets the last vote b ecau se the M Ps are
elected.
12
Complete the chart below on “Government Watchdogs”. List the
different areas of government or others who are re sponsib le for
holding the go vernment accountab le for their actions.
“Go vernment Watch Dogs”
1.M EDIA
Ho w they keep the Go vernment
Accountab le for their action s?
They inform the pub lic about
the impact the go vern ment is
h aving on their lives. Citizen s
can then be informed about
wh at the go vern ment is doing
If the government is not doing
wh at the people want they h ave
the opportunity to vote for a
different party.
2.ELECTIONS
3. INTEREST GROUPS/LOBBY
GROUPS
4.OPPOSITION PARTIES
They represent the vie ws and
perspective s of different groups
on issues that are important to
Canadian s. They meet with the
government to inform them of
the different vie ws.
They represent other ideologies
in Canada and debate in
Parliament the legislation that
is proposed.
Complete the following chart on Lobby Groups.
Definition of Lobbyist
Examples of Lobby
Groups
Who hires them?
What is their role?
How do they influence
government decision
making?
Lobby Groups
Someone who is pai d to represent the
interests of a particular group to key
decision makers in go vernment.
Canadian Association of Petroleum
Producers
Green Peace
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Groups who h ave a particu lar interest in
which laws/policies are put in practice by
the government
To influence the decision makers in favou r
of their clients/interests
They offer different perspective s and indepth expertise on the issues.
13
C a na d a’ s Ch ar t e r o f R ig h t s a nd F r e e do ms
Co mplete the following ch art th at lists your individual rights
under the Charter. Briefly describe each right and freedom.
In dividual Right Under the
Charter
Description of that Right
•
•
Fundamental Freedoms
•
•
•
Democratic Rights
•
•
Mobility Rights
•
•
Legal Rights
•
•
Equality Rights
Freedom to express your
opinions
Freedom to choose your o wn
religion
Freedom to organize peaceful
meetings and demonstrations
Freedom to associate with any
person or group
The right to vote for memb ers
of the Hou se of Commons and
of pro vincial legislatures
The right to vote for a ne w
government at least every five
years
The right to mo ve anywh ere
within Canada and to earn a
living there
The right to enter, stay in, or
le ave Canada.
The right to be free of
imprisonment, search and
seizu re without reasons
backed by law and e vidence
The right to a fair and quick
public trial by an impartial
court that assumes you are
innocent until proven guilty
The right to be free of
discrimination because of
race, national or ethnic
origin, religion, gender, age
or mental or physical
disability.
14
C o l le c t i ve R ig h ts
C o l l e c t i ve R i g h ts – O ff i c i al G r o u p s u nd e r t h e Ch ar t e r
O u t c o m e s : I n wh a t w a y s d o e s t h e C a n a d i a n C h a r t e r o f R i g h t s a n d
Freedoms meet the needs of Francophone’s in minority settings?
In a detail paragraph explain how and why the Canadian Charter of
Rights and Freedoms protects the rights of language groups in our
cou ntry. Pro vide examples to support your answer.
A N S WE R S WIL L V A R Y
P L E A S E S EE M S . K O N GS R U D
Fill in the b lank with the appropriate word. The words are
provided for you to choose from.
Land for the exclusive use of First Nations is called a reserve
Collective rights belong to groups of people and are entrenched in
Canada’s constitution.
The sh ared identity of a group of people, especially b ecau se of a
common language and culture is collective identity.
Eu ropeans u sed the word Indian to describ e the First Nations of
North America, although these peoples were diverse and h ad
names for themselve s.
The purpose of collective rights is to affirm the collective
identity of groups in society and to create a society wh ere people
of difficu lt identities b elong.
Aboriginal peoples and Canada’s government continue today,
including negotiations to estab lish modern Treaties and to clarify
rights related to the sovereignty of Aboriginal peoples.
The Indian act originally aimed to assimilate First Nations
peoples.
Under the Nu mb ered Treaties annuities are mostly symb olic
today.
We, the First Nations, proclaim our dedication and commitment
to the recognition of our unique history and destiny wi thin
Canada b y entrenching ou r treaty and Ab original rights within
the constitution.
In th is ch apter, you discovered wh at laws recognize the collective
rights of First Nations peoples?
15
Patriate means to b ring to a country someth ing th at b elongs to the
country.
Offical langu age involve s a group in Canadian society wh ose
members speak either French or English – as their first language.
The b elief th at one’s cu lture is superior to all other cu ltu res is
called ethnocentrism
A(n) Anglophone is a person wh ose first langu age is English .
A(n) Francophone is a person whose first langu age is French.
Official language minority involve s a group th at speaks one either
French or English and that does not make up the majority
population of a province or territory.
A federal legislation related to the rights and status of First
Nations peoples, first passed in 1876 and amended several times is
called Indian Act.
Canada’ s government issued scrip to the M étis, instead of
estab lish ing M étis lands in M anitob a.
In 1984, it called for new legislation to give the M étis settlements
more autonomy
As an Aboriginal people of Canada, the Métis consider rights to
land, and rights to u se the land in traditional ways, as inherent
rights
Section 23 of the Charter says that a French-speaking or English
minority population of sufficient size in any province has the
right to official language schools th at serve their language
community.
First
Nations
community
Anglophone
Indian
Act
assimilate
Indian
scrip
reserve
so vereignty
entrenching
autonomy
annuities
funded
Francophone
patriate
official
Official
language
Collective
rights
Inherent
rights
ethnocentrism
publicly
affirm
Language
minority
Collective
identity
16
Im mi g r at io n L aws a nd P o l ic ie s
1. What is the purpose of Canada’s Immigration and Refugee
Protection Act?
• Pu rsue social, cu ltural and economic b enefits for all Canadians
• Repect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada
• Share the benefits of immigration and support a prosperous
economy across all regions of Canada
• Reunite families in Canada
• Promote the successful integration of immigrants into
Canadian society.
2.
in
•
•
•
•
What categories, and percentages of immigration, are contained
the act?
Refugees (13%)
Family class (28%)
Economic Immigrants (55%)
Other (4%)
3. Wh y does Canada’s workforce need immigration?
Canada’s labour force is shrinking because the amount of people
retiring does not equal the amount of people entering the labour
force so Canada needs immigration to ensu re growth.
4. What is the point system for accepting immigrants?
An economic immigrant needs 67 points to qualify for
immigration b ased on different factors. These factors inclu de
Education, ab ility to speak English or French, work experience,
age, arranged employment, and adaptab ility.
5. Which categories of immigrants do not h ave to qualify under
the point system?
Family class or Refugees
6. List 3 health factors that impact qualifying as an immigrant
into Canada.
• Cou ld put Canadians at risk – commu nicab le disease
• Cou ld endanger pub lic safety – mental illness
• Could put an excessive demand on Canada’s health services –
cost of treating AIDS/HIV
7. How are Canada’s immigration laws different today from in the
past?
In the past Canada’s immigration laws excluded people because of
their race or country of origin. They favoured immigrants of
British ancestry.
17
J u d i c i a l S y st e m a nd Yo u t h J u st i c e
Co mplete the ch art outlining the differences b etween the
Criminal Code of Canada and the YCJA.
•
•
•
•
•
YCJA
12-17 year olds
Allows for counselling and
co mmu nity service as
consequences
Proh ibits adult sentences for
12-14 years of age. Some
adult sentences for 14-17
years of age for serious
crimes
Protects the privacy of young
offenders. Ne ws me dia may
not pub li sh name s unless
they h ave been tried as an
adult
Most young offenders can
avoid a criminal record.
CC Of C
•
•
•
•
•
Adu lts
U su al consequence is going
to court
Defines sentences which
so metimes inclu des
imprisonment
Allows the pub lication of
offenders’ names
Creates a criminal record for
most offenders.
What role do Aboriginal Elders play in issuing meaningful
c o n s e q u e n c e s t o y o u t h wh o c o m m i t c r i m e s i n t h e i r
co mmu nities?
Youth Justice Committees exist in some communities and reflect the
idea of sentencing circles. It is b ased on the traditions of Aboriginal
peop les whose systems of ju stice is based on the idea that b reaking a
l a w i s a c o m m u n i t y h u r t s t h e wh o l e c o m m u n i t y . E l d e r s c a n u s e t h e i r
kno wledge and experience to help make decisions b ased on wh at is
b est for the entire co mmu nity.
Wh at are the t wo Ju stice Advocacy Groups stu died and wh at
role do they play in our society.
Justice Advocacy Group #1
JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY
• Wants the go vernment to
work to wards pre venting
young people to turning
to war ds crime b y en su ring
education, ending po verty,
addiction counselling etc.
Justice Advocacy Group #2
ELIZABETH FRY SOCIETY
• Wants the go vernment to
ensu re th at offenders can reenter society and become
better citizens through
reh ab ilit at ion.
18