PBN Operational Approval
Continental En Route
Navigation Specifications
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
Navigation Specifications
• Applicable to Continental En-route operations
– RNAV 5
– RNAV 2
– RNP 2
– A-RNP
– RNP 0.3
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
2
RNAV 5
Flight Phase
Approach
En Route
Navigation Oceanic/ En Route
Specification Remote Continental
ARR
Initial
Intermed
RNAV 5
5
5
RNAV 2
2
2
RNAV 1
1
1
1
1
RNP 2
2
A-RNP
1
1
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
RNP 0.3
Final
Missed
DEP
2
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
1
1
0.3
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
3
RNAV 5
• B-RNAV (Basic RNAV) in ECAC since 1998
• RNP 5 in Middle East
• RNAV 5 in Caribbean and South America
In the PBN concept RNP 5 does not exist. Any existing
RNP 5 approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
4
RNAV 5 Transition
• RNAV 5 replaces B-RNAV
• Re-examination not required for B-RNAV approved
operators
• RNAV 5 requirements are identical to B-RNAV
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
5
RNAV 5 Routes
• RNAV 5 routes dependent on ground aids
• Sufficient VOR and DME coverage required
• Based on basic VOR/DME navigator
• Developed in 1970s but now generally obsolete
• May be flown using self contained nav system
• IRS or INS
• GNSS
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
6
RNAV 5 Systems
• Single nav system permitted
• Typically IRS updated by DME and VOR
• GNSS updating not required (classic aircraft)
• INS (independent system)
• INS without automatic radio updating - max 2 hrs
• IRS (multi-sensor system)
• GNSS
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
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RNAV 5 GNSS
• TSO C129a
• Older C129 require pseudo-range step detection and health
word checking
• TSO C145/146
• Both stand-alone and FMS systems suitable
• No gaps in integrity coverage > 5 minutes
• FD capability only required
Tip: Any aircraft with a properly installed IFR GNSS
receiver is capable of RNAV 5
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
8
RNAV 5 - Functionality
•
•
•
•
•
•
Continuous indication of position relative to track
Distance and Bearing to active (To) Waypoint
Groundspeed or time to active (To) Waypoint
Storage of 4 waypoints (minimum)
Failure indication of RNAV system
Lateral deviation display:
– Scaling compatible with alerting and annunciation limits
– Must have scaling and full-scale deflection
Turbo-jet air transport aircraft do not
typically provide a lateral deviation scale
(CDI/HSI). Suitably scaled map displays
are considered adequate for RNAV 5
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
9
RNAV 5 - Pre-Flight
• Check Navaid availability:
• Ground navaid coverage
• RAIM prediction for GNSS (if required)
• Review contingency procedures
• File ‘R’ in FPL field 10, and ‘PBN/B1-5’ in Item 18
• B1 – All permitted sensors
• B2 – GNSS
• B3 – DME/DME
• B4 – VOR/DME
• B5 – INS/IRS
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
10
R
PBN/B1
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
11
RNAV 5 - En-Route
• Cross-check position as required
• Maintain route centreline (+/- 2.5nm)
• Advise ATC if ‘Unable RNAV’
Stand-alone GNSS receivers operating in en-route
mode (default) conform to RNAV 5. CDI scaling is
automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
12
RNAV 5 - Training
Pilot Knowledge:
• RNAV system capabilities and limitations
• GNSS principles and operation if GNSS used
• Navaid limitations
• Operating procedures
• Contingency procedures
• Phraseology
Ground training is normally sufficient.
Flight training is not required
• Flight planning
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
13
RNAV 5 - Oversight
• Navigation Database:
• If fitted must be current and appropriate for the operations
• Oversight of Operators:
• Navigation error reports analyzed to determine remedial action:
• Remedial training
• Operational restrictions
• Software changes
Caution: RNAV 5 NavSpec provides for manual entry of waypoints.
This should authorised only where necessary and subject to
thorough crew procedures
Manual entry should be prohibited where a database is carried
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
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Certification Documentation
• FAA Order AC90-96A
– Approval of US Operators and
Aircraft to operate under
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) in
European Airspace designated
for Basic Area Navigation (BRNAV) and Precision Area
Navigation (P-RNAV)
• EASA AMC 20-4
– Airworthiness Approval and
Operational Criteria for the use
of Navigation Systems in
European Airspace designated
for Basic RNAV operations
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
15
RNAV 5 - Summary
• Automatic transition from B-RNAV to RNAV 5
• Existing B-RNAV approvals should be re-issued as RNAV 5
• Almost all aircraft with basic Area Navigation capability
qualify
• Single navigation system
• Formal operational approval may not be necessary
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
16
RNAV 2
Flight Phase
Approach
En Route
Navigation Oceanic/ En Route
Specification Remote Continental
ARR
Initial
Intermed
RNAV 5
5
5
RNAV 2
2
2
RNAV 1
1
1
1
1
RNP 2
2
A-RNP
1
1
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
RNP 0.3
Final
Missed
DEP
2
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
1
1
0.3
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
17
RNAV 2
• Operational Approval is “RNAV 1 and RNAV 2”
• Separate RNAV 2 approval not required
• Suitable for en-route continental operations
• Routes dependent on ground aids
• Adequate DME and/or VOR coverage required
• ANSP consideration
• Not an ops approval issue
• RNAV 1 and 2 approval permits operations on:
• RNAV 2 routes
• RNAV 1 routes/procedures (SIDs/STARs)
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
18
R
PBN/C1
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
19
RNAV 2 - En-Route
• Cross-check position as required
• Maintain route centreline (+/- 1nm)
• Advise ATC if unable RNAV 2
Stand-alone GNSS receivers operate in en-route mode by default.
But CDI scaling is automatically selected to +/- 5NM full scale deflection
The track keeping requirements for RNAV 2 can be met provided the flight
crew maintains +/- 1NM (one dot)
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
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RNP 2
A-RNP
2
2 or 1
1
1
1
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
0.3
1
1
21
RNP 2
• GNSS required
• May be used in varied environments
• Oceanic/Remote/Continental En-route
• Geographic areas with little or no ground NAVAID
infrastructure, limited or no ATS surveillance, and low to
medium density traffic
• Will gradually replace RNAV 5 for continental routes
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
22
RNP 2 Continental En-route
• Continental En-route requires lower continuity
• Duplicated navigation equipment not required
• Provided suitable alternate navigation available
• If RNP 2 Ops Approval is limited to Continental
En-route
• Must be annotated as a condition on the approval
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
23
Advanced RNP
Flight Phase
Approach
En Route
Navigation Oceanic/ En Route
Specification Remote Continental
ARR
Initial
Intermed
RNAV 5
5
5
RNAV 2
2
2
RNAV 1
1
1
1
1
RNP 2
2
2 or 1
1
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
A-RNP
RNP 0.3
2
Final
Missed
DEP
2
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
1
1
0.3
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
24
A-RNP
Variable
Desired
Path
Variable
• Advanced RNP
• Single assessment of aircraft eligibility applying to more than one
navigation accuracy requirement and to multiple applications across
all phases of flight.
• Incorporates RNAV 5, RNAV 2, RNAV 1, RNP 1 and RNP APCH.
• Applicable for oceanic/remote, continental en-route, arrivals,
departures and approaches.
• Relies solely on integrity of RNP system without recourse to
conventional means of navigation.
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
25
A-RNP
• Avoids the need for individual operational approvals
• Published in 4th Edition PBN Manual
• Manufacturers yet to document A-RNP capability
• Relies entirely on RNP system (GNSS)
• no back-up ground navaids required
• Additional requirements:
• RF required for SIDs/STARs/Approaches
• Options
• FRT, TOAC, VNAV, Scalable RNP
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
26
A-RNP Functionality
• Requires RF functionality
• FRT, Scalable RNP, Baro VNAV, Higher Continuity and
Time of Arrival Control are optional
• Integrity provided by SBAS or ABAS
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
27
A-RNP Functionality
Displays of:
• Deviation
• Active waypoint
• Bearing and distance to active
waypoint
• Groundspeed, time and
distance to go to active
waypoint
• Desired track
• Actual track
• Slaved course
• Active sensor
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
28
A-RNP Functionality
• Path terminator capability:
• CA, CF, DF, FA, FM, HM, IF, RF, TF, VA, VI, VM
• Transitions and automatic sequencing
• Fly-over, fly-by, Fixed radius (RF & FRT)
• Intercept final approach
• Holding
• Parallel Off-set
• Direct to
• Automatic RNP changes
• Navigation database
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
29
RNP 0.3
Flight Phase
Approach
En Route
Navigation Oceanic/ En Route
Specification Remote Continental
ARR
Initial
Intermed
RNAV 5
5
5
RNAV 2
2
2
RNAV 1
1
1
1
1
RNP 2
2
A-RNP
1
1
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
RNP 0.3
Final
Missed
DEP
2
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
1
1
0.3
1
1
0.3
0.3
0.3
30
RNP 0.3
• Intended for short range operations
– Typically helicopters
– Also applicable to fixed wing
• RNP 0.3 capability
– Departure
– En-route
– Arrival
– Approach
Note: Most helicopters are fitted with standalone receivers which operate in fixed modes.
RNP 0.3 requires advanced systems which
permit RNP to be selected
• Typically requires FMS
• Capability to provide 0.3 in all phases of flight
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
31
Questions?
ICAO PBN Operational Approval Course
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