U.S. HISTORY
Creating A Nation – Chapter 3 (Section 2 and 3)
1. Why did workers try to organize labor unions in the United States in the late 1800s? (2 points)
Many workers decided they needed to organize unions to improve their working conditions. With a union, they could
bargain collectively to negotiate higher wages and better working conditions.
2. What attempts did the nativist groups make to decrease immigration to the United States in the late 1800s? (2 points)
It led to the founding of two major anti-immigrant organizations: The American Protective Association was formed in 1887
to stop Catholic immigration and the Workingman’s Party of California in the 1870s to fight Chinese immigration.
1
Andrew Carnegie - a Scottish immigrant who rose from bobbin boy in a textile factory to owner of a steel
company in Pittsburgh; began the vertical integration of the steel industry; also pushed for horizontal
integration
2
Entrepreneur - people who risk their capital in organizing and running a business
3
Laissez-faire - literally “let do,” a French phrase meaning “let people do as they choose”; supporters of
laissez-faire believe the government should not interfere in the economy other than to protect private property
rights and maintain peace
4
Corporation - an organization owned by many people but treated by law as though it were a single person
5
Vertical Integration – a company that owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its
operation
6
Horizontal Integration – combining many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large
corporation
7
Monopoly - a single company achieves control of an entire market
8
Industrial Unions - united all craft workers and common laborers in a particular industry; opposed by owners
of large corporations
9
Closed Shops - companies could only hire union members
10
Nativism - a preference for native-born people and a desire to limit immigration; in the 1840s and 1850s, it
had focused primarily on Irish immigrants, now anti-immigrant feelings focused on Asians, Jews, and eastern
Europeans
11
Tenements - dark and crowded multifamily apartments; in New York City, three out of four residents squeezed
into them
12
Chinese Exclusion Act - law barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented the Chinese already in
the country from becoming citizens
13
Political Machine - an informal political group designed to gain and keep power; provided essential city
services in return for political power
14
William M. “Boss” Tweed - corrupt leader during the 1860s and 1870s in Tammany Hall (the New York
Democratic political machine)
Creating A Nation – Chapter 3 (Section 2 and 3)
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10/19/12
Week 8 of 13.
The 7th quiz towards your midterm.
Reflection Question: Are my study habits helping or preventing my
academic success?
Creating A Nation – Chapter 3 (Section 2 and 3)
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10/19/12