THE BEST OF THE DECADE
ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER:
THE US 70S
Monday, November 1, 1979
Est. 1970s
Price 15c
Nixon “Vietnamization” the
war
1970s
Page 4
People Shut
Down
Washington
1971
page 12
Nixon is back
in the Office
1972
page 11
Welcome to
Disney
World
1971
page 9
November 1,1979 2
News from Europe
The Six become Nine
In 1951, when the
European Union was first
created only six exclusive
nations were part of this
union. These founding
countries were: Germany,
Belgium, France, Italy,
Luxembourg
and
the
Netherlands.
In the late 1972, it was
reported
the
European
Union underwent through
some serious changes. This
famous union was receiving
new members; the famous
six would now become
nine.
January 1, 1973 marked
the date when three more
states joined the famous
European
Union:
Denmark, Ireland, and the
United Kingdom.
By: Lissie Rivera
Economic Crisis for the European Nations following
the Arab-Israeli War
Following the Union of the
three
members
to
the
European Union, on October,
1973 the Arab-Israeli War
unleashed.
This
Middle
Eastern countries were trying
to impose huge prices
increase on the European
Countries. In addition, they
wanted to restrict sales to
certain European countries.
Creating
a
country
discrimination
the European Union would not
allow. These rising tensions
continue to increase economic
problems
throughout
the
European Union. Neither band
wants to settle.This crisis
ushered in a long cycle of crises
and
reconfigurations
–
economically and socially, but
also politically and culturally
that are sure not end even in the
near future.
By; Lissie Rivera Fernández
Political cartoon regarding the
oil crisis
Life in the US
By: Paula Stoddard
Throughout this last
decade, women began to
experience true freedoms, equal
to men in the United States.
Before these years, women still
did not enjoy many of the same
freedoms and rights as men. In
some areas of the country,
women with college degrees
earned significantly less than
men with an eighth grade
education, and they were
restricted in terms of their
access to higher education.
In August 26, 1970 there
was a Women’s Strike for
Equality, which celebrated the
50th anniversary of the
ratification of the 19th
amendment, which legalized
the women’s right to vote. This
strike focused mostly on equal
opportunity in the workforce,
political rights for women, and
social equality in relationships
such as marriage. Although it
received negative local and
national recognition, it
managed to be acknowledge in
many occasions. President
Freedom!
November 1,1979
3
guaranteed equal rights for all
citizens regardless of gender; was
added to the Constitution after
being approved by the U.S. House
of Representatives in 1971 and by
the Senate in 1972. The
amendment, despite many
complications occurred with this
amendment, women began to feel
success in areas of business,
politics, education, science, and
law making doors of opportunity
were more numerous and much
further open than before.
Feminism was growing around the
The Title IX of the
U.S which was altering the role of
Education Amendments of
women in society. Alice Paul, the
1972 prohibited
discrimination on the basis of original writer of the ERA, said “I
sex by public schools. Prior to never doubted that equal rights
Title IX's enactment women was the right direction. Most
reforms, most problems are
were not given the
opportunities that men were. complicated. But to me there is
nothing complicated about
Men were given academic
ordinary equality.”
opportunities such as
scholarships and funding
while women were not
viewed as equal. After the
Title IX, there was a 60%
“...wearin’ pants
and boots and
increase in the number of
smokin’ pipes
women playing college
and runnin’ for
president!”
sports.
In 1972 the Equal
Rights Amendments (ERA),
which
Richard Nixon issued a
proclamation acknowledging
the credibility of the
movement and designated the
anniversary of women's
suffrage as “Women’s
Equality Day”. The
proportion of women in state
legislatures tripled. Women
surpassed men in college
enrollment in 1979. Women
surpassed men in college
enrollment in 1979 by 60%.
November 1,1979 4
Politics in the US
Nixon “Vietnamization” the war
By: Maria Juelle
RIchad Nixon, 1972
In
1960,
the
Republican Party (GOP)
chose Richard Nixon as
their nominee. The GOP
reflected Nixon’s desire for
a return to “Law and Order”
for the country, this mean
that he applied himself to
putting America’s foreign
policy in order. Nixon’s
announced policy, called
“Vietnamization”, was to
withdraw the 540,000 U.S.
troops in South Vietnam,
over an extended period.
Therefore,
the
South
Vietnamese, with American
money, weapons, training
and advice, would take over
the war.
Later in 1968 , Nixon
experienced and inflationary
surge that grew to a tidal
tension gave the US and
wave proportions. The US
opportunity to play off one
witnessed the televised
antagonist against the other
speech to “silent majority”
and to enlist the aid of both in
delivered by Nixon on
pressuring North Vietnam
November 3, 1969. He
into peace. Nixon wanted to
presumably supported the
improved relation with US
war and hoped to gain
and Beijing so he made a visit
supporters.
in 1972. He traveled to
Two years later, April
Moscow, which was ready to
29, 1970, President Nixon
deal. Nixon’s visit ushered in
expanded the war when he
an era of detente, or relaxed
ordered American forces to
tensions between the Soviet
join with the South
nations and China.
Vietnamese in wiping out
Treaties and acts such
the enemy in officially
as: Great Grain Deal of 1972,
neutral Cambodia. This
anti-ballistic missile (AMB)
order sparked angry protests
treaty, SALT (Strategic Arms
on American campuses.
Limitation talks), Balancing
In 1971, the 26th
Act were introduced.
Amendment was passed,
was chose as the 36th
lowering the voting age to
President of the United
18. Were clashingbitterly
States and during his time
over the rival interpretarion
in office, Americans
of Marxism, Nixon realized
that the Chinese- Soviet
RIchad Nixon, 1972
Science and Technology
November 1,1979 5
Pong’s Big Success
By: Lissie RIvera
In 1972, Pong, the first
commercially successful arcade
video game was released, gaining
fastly, large popularity on the
market. After the first ever arcade
games was released on 1971, this
was a huge improvement from
that flop. This simple, yet fast
paced game, entertained many
adults during their bored times.
This game is, a table tennis sports
game
featuring
simple
two-dimensional graphics, and
was estimated that after it’s
released it gained $30-$45USD.
Pong’s creator and his team arounf thier
creation
Image of the game’s appereance
It’s inventor, California man, Allan
Allcorn
graduated
from
the
University of California, Berkeley
with a Bachelor of Science degree in
Electrical
Engineering
and
Computer Sciences in 1971. With
this huge success just after
graduating he’s bound to be
considered one of the best inventors
of the decade. With all of this great
inventions it’s exciting to see what’s
next in store for arcade videos
games.
November 1,1979 6
Science and Technology
Apollo 13-- Almost a Fatal Mission
By: Lissie RIvera
On April 11th, 1970, the third
mission to the moon was released.
At 1:13PM, the Apollo 13 mission
launches carrying astronauts James
Lovell, John Swigert and Fred
Haise, but it was three hours after
the launch that the mission finally
set on its course to the moon. This
was a huge success for American
pride. Sadly, on April 13th at about
10:07 pm the second oxygen tank
explodes. This event caused issues
with the other oxygen tanks of the
passengers. The crew contacts
CapCom shortly after the incident
and reports to him saying "Houston,
we've had a problem."
Apollo 13’s Launch
Apollo 13’s Launch as seen from backstage
Just
three hours later, all of the oxygen
stores were gone. The loss of water,
electricity and propulsion was quickly
worrying the tribulation on board. The
Houston crew refused to give up and began
to work on a plan for safe re-entry to their
home planet, Earth. This plan included
closing off the command module and
re-configuring the lunar module. For them to
be able to return safely they rationalized the
supplies and power. On April 14th, after
careful calculations they changed the course
of their trajectory and re-position the
spacecraft towards Earth. Finally, despite
shortage of water, power and oxygen, after
such a three suspenseful days on April 17th,
the crew of Apollo 13 successful splashdown
in the Pacific Ocean, near Samoa, all of its
crew was still alive.
Science and technoloogy
November 1,1979 8
Twin Voyagers
By: Lissie Rivera
The Voyager mission was
Through the dedicated
officially approved in May
efforts of many skilled
1972. To build this space
personnel for over three
crafts a total of 11,000
decades they finally be
workeryears was devoted to
able to launch five years
the Voyager project through
later. On 1977, twin
the Neptune encounter. This
Voyagers were launched
is equivalent to one-third
into space as a mission to
the amount of effort
discover more our outer
estimated to complete the
space. Voyager 2
great pyramid at Giza to
launched on August 20,
King Cheops. The total cost
1977, from Cape
of the Voyager mission
Canaveral, Florida aboard
from May 1972 through the
a Titan-Centaur rocket.
Neptune encounter
SImilarly, on September
(including launch vehicles,
5, Voyager 1 launched,
radioactive power source
also from Cape Canaveral
(RTGs), and DSN tracking
aboard a Titan-Centaur
support) was 865 million
rocket. On that same year
dollars. At a glance, this
Voyager 1 was able to
sounds extreme and
capture the first photo of
necessarily expensive, but
the moon and the earth;
the possible fantastic
marking a human landark
returns are a bargain when
on Earth. Furthert, this
we place the costs in the
voyagers are meant for
proper perspective.
greath things.
With their many advantages
and careful calculations over
many years these aircrafts
are extremely precise and
excellently made. They are
expected to find amazing
things around Jupiter and
Saturn in the near future.
Further, there abilities are so
amazing some rumor they
might even get the chance to
extend the mission in order
to explore more into our
outer space, to planets like
Uranus and Neptune. It’s
only a matter of time before
we find out if that vas
amount of money spend into
this mission will actually
pay off.
The Voyager’s
Preparations
November 1,1979 6
Economy
Stagnation in our
Economy
As we reminiscence about
the essence of this last few
years, it’s important to also
capture our economy as a
nation. This factors also
contributes to the
experience of this year, and
with this breakdown cost of
life during the decade we
hope to propel our readers
to realize what are the
pending factors to resolve
regarding our economy in
the following years: Yearly
Inflation Rate: 5.84%, Year
End Close Dow Jones
Industrial Average: 838,
Average Cost of New
House: $23,450.00,
Average Income per year:
As we all know during
more or less the 1970, the
post-World War II
economic boom began to
wane, due to increased
international competition,
the expense of the
Vietnam War, and the
decline of manufacturing
jobs.
Unemployment rates rose,
while a combination of
price increases and wage
stagnation led to a period
of economic doldrums
known as stagflation.
Stagflation refers to the
unusual economic
situation in which an
economy is suffering both
from inflation and from
stagnation of its industrial
growth..
$9,400.00, Average
Monthly Rent $140.00,
Cost of a gallon of Gas: 36
cents.
By: Lissie RIvera
Stagnation puzzled many of
our best analytics. It’s know
that when wages fell, prices
fell, and when wages
increased, prices increased.
However, this was not the
case in the case now. . In
1971, the United States
experienced its first
unfavorable international
trade balance since 1893. To
tried alleviate these
problems, President Nixon
devalued the dollar and
declared wage- and
price-freezes
As a result of this
troublesome stagnation n we
must remember our
mistakes, for us not to repeat
them in the near future nor
in future years.
Arts and Entertainment
November 1,1979 7
Welcome to World Disney World
Bootleg Mickey with Goofy and Pluto, 1970
By: Paula Stoddard
On Friday October 1, 1971, after
seven years of planning, about 10,000
visitors converged near Orlando, Florida to
witness the grand opening of Walt Disney
World. Planners and others estimated a
small crowd. This resort consisted of 2
property hotels, the 15-story Contemporary
Resort and the Polynesian Village Resort.
Many celebrities such as Bob
Hope, Julie Andrews, Rock Hudson,
Jonathan Winters, Annette Funicello
and Fred MacMurray arrived in
Orlando on that day to begin World
Disney World official opening
festivities. The official grand opening
celebrations of Disney's Contemporary
and Polynesian Village Resorts
happened on October 24. The Electrical
Water Pageant and Fantasy in the Sky
Spectacular also debuted that evening.
By October 25 the Admiral Joe Fowler
Riverboat, Peter Pan's Flight, and
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea had all
opened to guests as well. Last,
television cameras caught all the action
over these three days for an October 29
broadcast.
The Contemporary Resort featured a
monorail running directly through the
middle of the A-frame structure's 10-story
atrium. Many attractions such as Bear
Country, Fantasyland, Liberty Square and
Tomorrowland filled everyone with
happiness.
Disney in 1970.
Arts and Entertainment
November 1,1979 7
“Off The Wall”
By: Paula Stoddard
Michael Jackson released
his 5th solo album called “Off
The Wall” in August 10 1979.
"Off the Wall" was his first solo
album and established him as a
serious and adult artist, in sharp
contrast to his previous
bubblegum pop image and sound
that he had as a part of the
Jackson 5.
Michael Jackson’s “Off The Wall” record.
This album was the first solo
album to produce four top ten hits
including "Don't Stop 'til You Get
Enough" and "Rock With You."
In his first year six million
copies were sold. This year it
reached number 1 in the Top Soul
Albums. Songs like “Rock with
you”, “Off the wall” and
“Girlfriend were not written by
Michael, but by Paul McCartney,
Stevie Wonder or Rod Temperton.
Although many were written by
others, this album including three
Songs composed by Michael
Jackson showed his capacity as a
composer. This record turned
black music into music for all.
November 1,1979 8
Editorial
Is Abortion Legal?
By: Lissie Rivera
The Supreme Court agrees
to hear the case filed by
Norma McCorvey, known
in court documents as Jane
ROE,
against
Henry
WADE, the district attorney
of Dallas County from 1951
to 1987, who enforced a
Texas law that prohibited
abortion, except to save a
woman's life. The Texas
law had been declared
unconstitutional
in
an
earlier federal district court
case (United States v.
Vuitch,
1971).
Wade
ignored the decision and
both sides appealed. After
going though many courts,
the Roe v Wane case arrive
on the Supreme court to see
if a women is really allowed
to give abortion based on
the
United
States
Constitution.The
constitutional question was:
Does the Constitution
embrace the right of a
woman to obtain an
abortion, nullifying the
Texas prohibition?
Norma I. McCorvick
was an anonymys plantiff
who cause this juge case.
After two court hearings,
the US Supreme Court,
on January 22, 1973, in a
7-2 decision, affirms the
legality of a woman's
right to have an abortion
under the Fourteenth
amendment
to
the
Constitution.
The Court held that a
woman's right to an
abortion fell within the
right
to
privacy
(recognized in Griswold
v. Connecticut) protected
by
the
Fourteenth
Amendment.
he decisionave a woman a
right to abortion during the
entirety of the pregnancy
and defined different levels
of
state
interest
for
regulating abortion in the
second and third trimesters.
This ruling allows for
legal abortions during the
entire pregnancy, but set up
conditions to allow states to
regulate abortion during the
second and third trimesters
Nnorma l. Mccorvey, the
plintiff of the lawsuit
November 1,1979 9
Editorial
Congress got it all wrong...
By: Maria Juelle
The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the
United States Constitution was passed by
Congress in March 23, 1971, ratified in July
high moral purpose, that this country always
needs.”
Nixon and others believed the 26th
1, 1971 and signed into a law by President
Amendment is the right choice for voting.
Richard M. Nixon. The Amendment gives
However, statistics show that the maturity and
young adults between the age of eighteen and
responsibility of people at age of 18 are
twenty one the right to vote. It was passed due
constantly questioned. Americans have a lot
the long debate after young men, denied the
of preoccupations regarding youth,
right to vote, were being conscripted to fight
associating technological insight with
for their country. In the case Oregon v.
responsibility and education, and their
Mitchell, the Supreme Court decided that the
excessive reliance on higher education. The
Congress had the right to regulate the
only way of voting is if they have the
minimum age in federal elections, but not at
common sense and the capacity to understand
the state and local level. This Amendment
the political system, therefore this knowledge
changed a portion of the 14th Amendment.
is obtain when they are old enough. Congress
After Franklin D. Roosevelt lowered the
should include a new Amendment to give the
minimum age for military draft age to l8, “Old right to vote only to 21 years old or older.
enough to fight, old enough to vote” became a Having enough maturity and responsibility
common slogan for a youth voting rights
could affect the results of the voting.
movement. Under the Constitution, 18- to
20-year-olds would be allowed to vote for
president and vice president, but not for state
officials. Nixon stated: “The reason I believe
that your generation, the 11 million new
voters, will do so much for America at home
is that you will infuse into this nation some
idealism, some courage, some stamina, some
Citizens supporting
“...it’s now or never…” the 26th Amendment
Editorial
November 1,1979
10
The Christmas Bombing
By: Paula Stoddard
A B-52 drops bombs over North Vietnam. This bomber was
one of the last to fly over communist targets on December
29, 1972, the last day of the Christmas Bombing campaign.
Photo Courtesy National Museum Of The Air Force
Right after the
breakdown of peace talks
with North Vietnam,
President Nixon
announces the beginning
of a bombing in North
America, which lasted for
nearly two weeks. On
December 13 in 1972
every peace talk collapsed
between the U.S and North
Vietnam. American B-52s
and fighter-bombers
dropped over 20,000 tons
of bombs on the cities of
Hanoi and Haiphong
beginning December 18.
The bombings continued
until North Vietnam agreed
to resume the talks in
December 29. Many days
later the Paris Peace
Treaty was signed and
the Vietnam War came to
a close, ending the U.S.
role in a conflict that
seriously damaged the
domestic Cold War
agreement among the
American public. The
impact of the so-called
“Christmas Bombings” on
the final agreement was
difficult to assess.
Nixon needed a
military solution to the
diplomatic roadblock o
force North Vietnam
back to the bargaining
table, to let the world
know that the U.S. still
dealt from a position of
power and to prove to
Thieu that the U.S. had
not abandoned him.
They destroyed rail
tracks and cars, some
three million gallons of
fuel, and airfields, and
they knocked out an
estimated 80% of the
country's electric supply
capacity. More than
1,000 Vietnamese died,
but some claim the assault
may have helped
bring about the deal signed
a month later that led to an
end to US involvement in
the war.
Even though North
Vietnam did not consider
the Christmas Bombing a
defeat, it was an immoral
action the U.S took over
the people of North
Vietnam. Nixon
accomplished to return
North Vietnam to
negotiations. Although the
intentions were honest and
genuine, there would’ve
been other ways to end the
Vietnam war in a less
aggressive way. Many
innocent kids and families
died in the hands of the
unjustified Americans.
Even the chief U.S.
negotiator, Henry
Kissinger, was reported to
have said, “We bombed the
North Vietnamese into
accepting our
concessions.”
November 1,1979 11
Local News
Nixon is Back in the Presidency
By: Maria Juelle
would take me
twenty-four hours and the
stroke of a pen to
terminate all military
operations in Southeast
Richard Nixon, 1972. Giving his
speech
In November 7 ,1972,
Richard Nixon was
Asia.”
On the other hand,
Nixon’s campaign
re-elected President of the
emphasized that the
United States, defeating
Democratic war in
Senator George McGovern.
Vietnam was ending and
With only 55 percent of the
promised to secure “peace
electorate voting, the lowest
turnout since 1948, Nixon
took 97 percent of the
with honor” in Vietnam.
Nixon easily defeated
McGovern, aided by the
electoral votes, carrying all
peace negotiations made
the states but
in the course of Paris and
Massachusetts.
the upturn of the US
Due to the continuing
connected to Nixon’s
reelection committee were
arrested during his
presidential campaign.
These men had broken into
the Democratic Party’s
national headquarters in the
Watergate apartment
complex in Washington,
D.C. The Watergate scandal
ultimately proved to be
Nixon’s undoing, and he
resigned the presidency as a
result of it in August 1974.
economy. The election
Vietnam conflict encourage
showed that many
the rise of SD senator
Americans, including
George McGovern to the
many Democrats,
1972 Democratic
McGovern’s position was
nomination, promising to
radical to show that
pull American troops within
Nixon seemed a better
ninety days. McGovern
choice to most voters.
said: “If I were President, it
Overlooked, five men
Richard Nixon and his
supporters, 1972
November 1,1979 12
By: Maria Juelle
Local News
The People Shut Down Washington
using low flying
helicopters and launching
large numbers of helium
filled balloons. The
second protest was in
If the government won’t stop the war,
we’ll stop the government.
One of the largest and
Sunday May 2, 1971.This
time the response of the
most courageous direct
police was forming up in
action in US took place in
phalanxes firing tear gas
1971, a protest against
and knocking tents
Vietnam War. The events
around the US Park
were called “1971 May Day
Police and Washington
Protests” and were a series
Metropolitan Police,
of rebellious actions in
which dressed in riot gear
Washington, D.C. that
tried to raid the
started on May Day of that
encampment.
year and ended several days
On Monday, May 3,
1971, while the rebels
after.
The protests started on
were distracted on their
Saturday, May 1, 1971.
riots, the federals moved
Several protesters stayed
to various locations in
out in West Potomac Park
Washington, D.C.
near the Washington
Protesters shared the
Monument part and listened
thought that because that
to rock music and planed
because the government
the action. The government
had not stopped the
tried to stop the protest by
Vietnam War they would
top the government;
they would prevent the
troops from being sent to
Vietnam.
At the same time of
these events, the police
traveled through the city
arresting anyone who
looked like a demonstrator
and used tear gas. The
prisons did not have
facilities available. Through
the streets of Georgetown
University campus,
numerous people were
severely injured. Protesters
were dispersed. Several days
after, more small protests
rise and 12,614 people were
arrested..
This was the largest
mass arrest in U.S. history.
“May Day”
November 1,1979 13
Classified Ads
By: Paula Stoddard
Obituaries
November 1,1979
14
By: Maria Juelle
Luke Bayers(1975-1979)
Ida Perry (1889-1979)
Funeral services for John Bayers,
son of Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Bayers,
were held Sunday, October 29, 1979 at
Goodwill Baptist Church, the Rev. Lee
Duewell officiating.
Mrs. Ida M. Perry, 90, of 823 Green
Ave SW was pronounced dead on
arrival at Massillon City Hospital
Mrs. Lula A. Dierkes, 81, of 2818
Gault Road, died of a cerebral
hemorrhage at 9:25 p.m. Sunday,
October 29, 1979; at her home.
Saturday, October 28, 1889 at 10 a.m.
Her death followed a brief illness.
The four-year-old boy died as a
result of gunshot wounds suffered in
an accident in Temple Sunday.
Burial was in Goodwill Baptist
Church under the direction of Bailey
Funeral Home.
Lula A. Dierkes (1898-1979)
Mrs. Perry was born in January 20, 1889
and lived in Phoenix, Arizona for 60
years. She was the widow of Thomas
Perry who died in May, 1947.
Mrs. Dierkes was born October 8,
1898, in Clarington, a daughter of Jacob
and Emma Wichterman Lude, and came
here 56 years ago. She was a member of
the First Federated Church of North
Jackson. Her husband, Wesley H., whom
she married in June 1916, died in April
1978.
Survivors include two daughters, Mrs.
Willard Lantz of Massillon and Mrs.
He was born in Adelanto,
California, 1975
Audrey Lynch of Warren: two sons,
Joseph Perry and Dale Perry, both of
Survivors in addition to his parents
include two brothers, Daniel Bayers
and Samuel Bayers; and five sisters,
Jeraldine Bayers, Linda Bayers, Mary
Bayers, Ella Bayers, and Bettile
Bayers.
Massillon; a sister: Mrs. Mary Evans;
nine grandchildren and 14
great-grandchildren.
The funeral will be held Thursday at
3 p.m. at the Gordon-Hollinger Funeral
Home.
Samantha Rush Smittle
(1890-1979)
She leaves three daughters, Mrs.
Martha Ryser of Hubbard, Mrs. Ruggles
and Mrs. Esther Graham, both of North
Jackson; two sons,and David and Paul,
both of North Jackson; two brothers,
Albert Lude of Clarington and Edwin
Lude of Canton; 36 grandchildre.
Services will be at 11:30 a.m.
Wednesday at the Lane Funeral Home,
Austintown.
Kent, Ohio - Samantha Rush Smittle, 89 of Sardis died Saturday Mar. 11, 1979 at the
Barnesville General Hospital, Barnesville. She was a member of Narrows Run Church of
Christ, Sardis.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Clark Smittle in 1978. Surviving are three
daughters, Mrs. Marilyn Lively of Hannibal and Mrs. Sarah Bowen and Mrs. Gaynell Van
Camp, both of Sardis; 24 grandchildren.
Friends received at the Rush Funeral Home, Sardis, where services were held Tuesday at 1
p.m. Interment in Sardis Cemetery.