Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 5-2015 Preliteracy Skills Promoted in Children’s SpanishLanguage Books Katherine Marie Suter Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Reading and Language Commons, Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons, and the Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons Recommended Citation Suter, Katherine Marie, "Preliteracy Skills Promoted in Children’s Spanish-Language Books" (2015). Master's Theses. Paper 585. This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRELITERACY SKILLS PROMOTED IN CHILDREN’S SPANISH-LANGUAGE BOOKS by Katherine Marie Suter A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Speech Pathology and Audiology Western Michigan University May 2015 Thesis Committee: Yvette D. Hyter, Ph.D., Chair Janice Bedrosian, Ph.D. Carrie Kennedy, M.A. PRELITERACY SKILLS PROMOTED IN CHILDREN’S SPANISH-LANGUAGE BOOKS Katherine Marie Suter, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2015 As of July 1, 2013, the latest census figures indicate that there are approximately 54 million Latinosliving in the U.S. (US Census Bureau, 2013). However, many Latino children still do not receive the services or resources they need to perform well academically. The primary aim of this research study is to determine if the books available to Spanish-speaking Latino1 populations in two Michigan Counties contain features that might be used to facilitate beginning pre-literacy skills. Children’s Spanish-language books from bookstores and public libraries were analyzed to determine the presence of features that might facilitate print awareness, phonological awareness, and word knowledge. Results showed that 122 (98.4%) of the 124 top selling books could be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills, and of these 122 books 102 (83.6%) might be used to facilitate print awareness, 57 (46.7%) phonological awareness, and 46 (37.7%), word knowledge. Various book features that might be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills were varying forms of typeface, rhyming, and content books. Thirty-seven (29.8%) of the 124 books assessed appeared multicultural. 1 The term “Latino” will be used to to those of Latin origin. Though the term “Hispanic” is also often encountered in the literature, and even in the U.S Census, this term can refer specifically to those with Spanish origin or descent. There is an active movement in the U.S. to use the more accurate term ¨Latino/Latinos¨ (Fears, 2003; Gilroy, 2014). Copyright by Katherine Marie Suter 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my committee members, Dr. Hyter, Dr. Bedrosian, and Ms. Kennedy. Your constant encouragement, insightful guidance, and contagious enthusiasm provided the foundation for any and all success that followed. I could not have had a better committee! I would also like to thank a coworker, Jackie Gale, who not only understood the purpose and procedures of the research study within minutes, but also handled the work with a good balance of professionalism and fun. Next I would like to thank my family and friends. Your humor and encouragement in difficult moments kept the work light. Thank you especially for your understanding when I was unavailable for lengthy periods of time, and for your whole-hearted support when I returned asking for assistance. Finally I would like to once again, and personally, thank Dr. Hyter. I will never understand how you contribute your time to so many, and yet make every person who comes your way feel they are your primary concern. Thank you for your patience and for the countless hours you set aside as my thesis supervisor. Thank you for the guidance you provided these past two years of graduate study. Finally, thank you for the example you have given of what a Speech-Language Pathologist can be, and what I, as a SpeechLanguage Pathologist, aspire to be. Katherine Marie Suter ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ vi LATINO EDUCATION IN THE US ............................................................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Achievement Gaps .................................................................................................... 2 CAUSES OF THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP IN READING ........................................... 3 The Nature of Schools That Serve Latino Students .................................................. 3 Programs and Services for Latinos Who Speak Limited English ............................. 4 Educator’s Perceptions of Latino Students ............................................................... 5 Teacher Quality and How Teachers Teach ............................................................... 6 Conditions Prior to Schooling................................................................................... 8 EARLY PARENT INVOLVMENT ............................................................................... 9 Parents as Educators ................................................................................................. 9 Print Awareness ........................................................................................................ 10 Phonological Awareness ........................................................................................... 11 Word Knowledge ...................................................................................................... 11 MATERIALS FOR SHARED STORYBOOK READING ........................................... 12 Parents as Primary Teachers ..................................................................................... 12 iii Table of Contents-Conintued The Read to Me Program and Research Questions ................................................... 13 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 14 Procedures ................................................................................................................. 14 Inter-Rater Reliability ............................................................................................... 18 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................ 19 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................... 19 Overview ................................................................................................................... 20 The Number of Books That Might Be Used to Facilitate Emergent Literacy Skills..........................................................................20 Books Showing Diversity ......................................................................................... 24 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 25 Bookstores and Library Settings ............................................................................... 25 Future Direction ....................................................................................................... 29 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 31 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................ 33 A. Print Awareness, Phonological Awareness and Word Knowledge Coding Form.......................................................................... 33 B. Differences Between Scores Assigned by Rater 1 and Rater 2 .......................... 71 C. Books Facilitating One Pre-Literacy Skill .......................................................... 75 D. Books Facilitating Two Pre-Literacy Skills ........................................................ 78 E. Books Facilitating Three Pre-Literacy Skills ...................................................... 81 iv Table of Contents-Conintued F. Books Facilitating Print Awareness .................................................................... 83 G. Books Facilitating Phonological Awareness ...................................................... 87 H. Books Facilitating Word Knowledge.................................................................. 90 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 93 v LIST OF TABLES 1. Books Found to Facilitate Emergent Literacy Skills ................................................ 21 2. Number of Books Found to Facilitate One, Two and Three Pre-Literacy Skills ......................................................................................... 22 3. Books Found to Facilitate Print Awareness ............................................................. 22 4. Boooks Found to Facilitate Phonological Awareness .............................................. 23 5. Books Found to Facilitate Word Knowledge............................................................ 23 6. Books Found With Diversity .................................................................................... 25 vi LATINO EDUCATION IN THE US2 Introduction According to the US census as of July 1, 2013, Latinos constitute 17% of the US population and following Whites, are the second largest ethnic or racial group (US Census Bureau, 2013). The Census Bureau shows that in 2011, one in every four public elementary school students was of Latino ethnicity (Pew Research Center, 2012). Despite constituting such a large percentage of students in the school systems, the academic performance of Latino students is not equal to that of their White or Asian peers, even at a young age. Findings from a study of kindergartners, conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (2014), revealed that about 40 percent of Latinos scored in the lowest quartile in reading and mathematics. In fourth grade, no more than 20 percent of these students were considered proficient in these subject areas, and by eighth grade only 15 percent were considered proficient in reading and 13 percent proficient in mathematics (West, Denton, & Germino-Hausken, 2000). Test scores continue to be low for the Latino student population. In a book titled “The Latino Education Crisis: The Consequences of Failed Social Policies” the degree of this crisis is revealed showing that Latino students are performing at or near the bottom in almost every achievement measure (Gandara & Contreras, 2009, p. 2, 5, 304). Further confirming this statement, in 2008 test results from the NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress) showed an achievement gap between Latino students and White and Asian students (Hemphil & Vanneman, 2011). 2 The sources that will be used for this study include published articles in the English and Spanish languages. 1 Achievement Gaps According to the National Education Association, an achievement gap is the difference in NAEP test scores between a student group defined by income, spoken language, a diverse racial or ethnic background, sex, or the presence of a disability, and the combined White and Asian student groups (Students Affected by Achievement Gaps, n.d.). Four ethnic groups are especially affected by achievement gaps; these are American Indians and Alaska Natives (Trujillo & Alston, 2006), people who identify as Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender (Kim, 2009), Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (National Education Association, 2008), as well as Blacks (National Education Association, 2008) and Latinos (Verdugo, 2007; Gándara, 2005; National Education Association, 2007). A 2011 report released by the U.S. Department of Education’s statistical Center on the academic performance of Latino students shows an achievement gap in the subjects of mathematics and reading (Hemphil & Vanneman, 2011). Latino student NAEP test results show that although the existent achievement gap in reading has decreased from a 34-point difference on a scale from zero to 500, there continues to be a significant 21-point gap (Hemphil & Vanneman, 2011). Achievement gaps are a concern as they may lead to later gaps in high school and college academic performance, and even to gaps in the types of jobs obtained in adulthood (National Education Association, n.d.). Some researchers confirm this situation when they show that after four years of high school, roughly 50 percent of Latino students do not receive a diploma (Gandara & Contreras, 2009). 2 Poor academic performance may make it difficult for individuals from Latino backgrounds to secure jobs that will provide a quality life for themselves and their families (Wahala, 2010). States with high populations of Latinos could have problems filling existing college-level jobs and tax revenues could decline nationally (The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, 2005). Though roughly ninety percent of the Latino population lives in the East and Southwest of the US, the South and Midwest are seeing the greatest growth and are faced with the greatest struggle in how to effectively serve this population (McGlynn, 2011). CAUSES OF THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP IN READING A report on the Latino Achievement Gap by Madrid (2011), presents several possible causes of the achievement gap between Latinos and Whites or Asians, including the nature of schools that serve Latino students, programs and services for Latinos who speak limited English, educator’s perceptions of Latino students, and teacher quality and how teachers teach (2011). A summary of each of these causes is presented below. The Nature of Schools that Serve Latino Students Classroom overcrowding is a common situation in the US that could negatively impact the academic scores of Latino students. School overcrowding impacts test scores as it decreases the opportunities for individualized instruction (Jepsen & Rivkin, 2009). Most often it is the urban schools that have large numbers of students in each classroom, where Latino students comprise a large portion of the population (Jepsen & Rivkin, 2009). A 2011 survey by the Detroit Federation of Teachers showed that nearly a quarter 3 of Detroit Public Schools, where Latino children and youth outnumber Whites (Data Driven Detroit, 2010), are reporting overcrowding with some classrooms reaching more than 50 students (Cwiek, 2011). To address this overcrowding most states currently have maximum class size policies, and twenty-five states have class size reduction policies aimed to decrease the number of students to less than 22 per classroom (Zinth, 2010). Even with these policies in place, many decisions are leaving classrooms overcrowded. For example, in May of 2013 the mayor of Chicago closed roughly 50 schools (The Chicago Tribune, 2009), where it was recorded that 63,000 students were already attending an overcrowded school, of which 78 percent were Latino students (Fitzpatrick & Golab, 2013). Programs and Services for Latinos Who Speak Limited English Even if Latino students do not attend school in overcrowded settings they may still experience complications. This is especially true in locations where the number of students with limited proficiency in English is rapidly increasing. Echevarría, Vogt, and Short (2010) explain that places seeing a rapid increase in “Limited English Proficient ” (LEP) students are being challenged as they have not previously worked with this population (p. 3). As a result, locations experiencing this rapid increase in students learning English as a second language, often do not have well-established academic programs, sheltered curricula for transitioning to English, appropriate resources, or teachers who have been trained to meet the needs of these students. The situation becomes even more challenging in that these students all come from different academic backgrounds. Where one student who has immigrated to the US may come from a setting 4 where academics are greatly stressed, the next student who also immigrated to the US may have never received any type of formal education. The differences in backgrounds make it difficult to adapt to the various needs of Latino students. Even with the knowledge that many students have received varying amounts and diverse types of formal education, many, including Latino students, are still grouped together in linguistically and socially segregated schools (Gandara & Contreras, 2009). Echevarría, Vogt, and Short (2010), state that more than half of elementary and secondary school children who are English learners attend schools where more than 30% of the population is English learners (p. 3). These segregated schools often have instructional practices that are not grounded in research, and are not relevant to linguistically and culturally diverse populations (Madrid, 2011). Contreras and Stritikus (2008) indicate that Latino students are frequently placed in courses lacking rigor and quality. Likewise, Flores (2007) states that Latinos are less likely than Whites to be selected for enrichment or accelerated programs, and are placed in lower level courses even with scores equal to or better than their White or Asian counterparts. Educators’ Perceptions of Latino Students Research shows that self-confidence can positively impact student academic performance and test scores, as confident students are often ready to participate and speak in class (Hel-Hebaish, 2012). Low self esteem, on the other hand, can have a negative effect as students with less confidence may not expect very much of themselves and, in result, make less of an effort (Hel-Hebaish, 2012). Educator’s perceptions of students can harm or help how children feel about themselves (Weinstein, Marshall, Sharp, & 5 Botkin, 1987). In fact, student success depends greatly on teachers’ high expectations (McKown & Weinstein, 2008). Many Latino students, however, do not receive this encouragement as Jensen and Rosenfeld (1974) explain that teachers expect Latino students to perform more poorly than white students on learning tasks across the curriculum. These educators often blame the students for falling behind in academics based on “work ethic,” “peer relationships,” “laziness,” and “a lack of discipline” (Bol & Berry, 2005). This leaves most of the attention in the classrooms on changing student behavior rather than implementing and fostering conditions that would engage these students (Garza, 2009). Teacher Quality and How Teachers Teach Research has shown that the quality of a teacher’s instruction directly impacts a student’s success in the classroom (Garza, 2009). For example, teachers assessed in urban schools who were found to have some degree of self efficacy, knowledge of the material they teach, and an understanding of communication technology, had a positive effect on students, increasing the level of achievement (Abdurrahman, Jamil, Anwar & Sultana, 2012). Furthermore, teachers who provide quality instruction can decrease or even eliminate achievement gaps (Dubner, 2008). Latino students very often do not receive instruction from these ideal teachers. Flores (2007) explains that it is more likely for Latino students to receive instruction from a teacher who is not sufficiently prepared to instruct in his/her subject area than it is for White students. There has been a recent push to have good, effective teachers in every school setting. One example of this effort is the No Child Left Behind Act. This act 6 requires that teachers are highly qualified by having a bachelor’s degree from a four-year university, by being fully certified or licensed through the state, and by showing competency in the course material they teach (No Child Left Behind Act, 2001). Beyond the “No Child Left Behind Act” teaching methods could be improved by having classroom material that is consistent with students’ cultural backgrounds (Clark, 2002). Education should draw from a student’s “fund of knowledge” which is a student’s background knowledge as well as his or her experiences (Esteban-Guitart & Moll, 2014). Using material that pertains to a student’s life further enhances his or her learning experience (Esteban-Guitart & Moll, 2014). In addition to a student’s “fund of knowledge”, a teacher should draw from a student’s “fund of identity”. This is the “historically accumulated, culturally developed, and socially distributed resources that are essential for a person's self-definition, self-expression, and self-understanding.” (Esteban-Guitart & Moll, 2014, p. 31) Some ways to draw from a child’s fund of identity include using spoken stories as the basis for writing (Dworin, 2006), and making connections between the class curriculum and the students’ lived experiences (Barton & Tan, 2009). Teaching methods would also improve by including parents and other family members in their child’s education (Taylor, Bernhard, Garg & Cummins 2008). Parents and family members would be able to provide additional input on their child’s background, as well as insight on what is given emphasis and value in the child’s life outside of the classroom (Taylor et al., 2008). This could be a difficult change, as teachers often only interact with the parents of Latino students when there is a need to 7 discuss inappropriate behavior or poor academic performance, thereby reinforcing a parent's reluctance to return to communicate with the school (Garza, 2009). Overall there are many possible causes of the achievement gap between Latinos and Whites or Asians, including overcrowded schools that serve Latino students, a lack of programs and services for Latinos who speak limited English, educator’s poor perceptions of Latino students, and a lack of teaching methods incorporating students’ real life experiences and backgrounds. This list is not comprehensive, however. Even if improvements were made in every one of these listed problem areas, the achievement gap would continue to exist. This is because delays exist between Latino students and their White peers even at the beginning of kindergarten, long before the child has received a substantial amount of formal education (Murnane, Sawhill, & Snow, 2012). Conditions Prior to Schooling Prior to kindergarten, and most often at the preschool age, children begin gaining emergent literacy skills. These include letter identification, knowledge of letter sounds, the acquisition of sight words, and rhyming (Murnane, Sawhill, & Snow, 2012). The acquisition of these skills predicts a child’s performance in kindergarten, and most often if a child is able to perform these tasks, he or she has an easier time learning to read (Murnane, Sawhill, & Snow, 2012). Many children from Latino backgrounds, however, do not have the resources or opportunities to gain these skills, putting them behind other White or Asian peers at an early age (Murnane, Sawhill, & Snow, 2012). For example, many children from Latino backgrounds are often only read to once a week, which is less than the number of times per week for about 86% of White children (Maclay, 2012). This 8 could be due to a lack of time as Latino parents might be managing large households with more children at home, or even due to differences in traditions where there is less emphasis on reading with a child and more emphasis on encouraging everyday social interactions (Maclay, 2012). By kindergarten a delay is already evident between Latino students and their White peers (Murnane, Sawhill, & Snow, 2012). For example, Mexican American children between the ages of two and five display a gap in the areas of language and preliteracy skills, as well as cognitive abilities which test eight months behind those of their White peers (Maclay, 2012). EARLY PARENT INVOLVEMENT Parents as Educators In the US, Latino children are the least likely to attend preschool out of any racial or ethnic group (McGlynn, 2011). For this reason parents of Latino children play a large role of being primary teachers (McGlynn, 2011). Parents might even work to close an achievement gap by making the home setting stimulating through supplies and materials and limiting the amount of time a child spends in front of a television, computer, or any other electronic device so to increase the opportunity for person-to-person interactions (Rivera, 2010 & Pascal, Trudeau, & Sutton, 2011). One such opportunity is shared storybook reading. Shared storybook reading can be described as the interaction of children and adults, with a book as the focus of this interaction (Justice & Ezell, 2001). Justice and 9 Ezell (2001), explain that book sharing can look different based on setting (e.g., in a classroom or at home), the individuals who are interacting (e.g., one adult and one child or one adult and a group of children) or even in the type of interaction that occurs (e.g., the adult reads the storybook aloud, converses with the child, or the adult talks about the illustrations, print, letter sounds, and story content). Shared storybook reading has been shown to promote the acquisition of preliteracy skills important to later reading success (Zeece, 2009; Vázquez-Montilla, 2009). These skills include print awareness, phonological awareness, and vocabulary or word knowledge (Adams, 1990; Chomsky, 1972; Mason, 1980; Teale & Sulzby, 1987). Print Awareness Print awareness is the ability to recognize the function and form of print, as well as the relationship between print and spoken language (Mason, 1980; Hiebert, 1981; Lovelace & Steward, 2007). According to Mason (1980), print awareness emerges between the ages of three to five, when children begin reciting the alphabet, recognizing words and letters, and using print to communicate. These print awareness skills are the foundation of early literacy as they orient a child to the meaning and manipulation of print (Lovelace & Steward, 2007). Research with both Spanish and English speaking children has shown the correlation between print awareness and early literacy (Piasta et. al, 2012; NELP, 2008). 10 Phonological Awareness Phonological awareness refers to the ability to identify and manipulate the sounds of a language (Lundberg, Frost, & Petersen, 1988). As with print awareness, phonological awareness emerges at a young age, usually around the time of preschool, and is an important precursor to later success in literacy (Justice & Ezell, 2001). According to Noe, Spencer, Kruse and Goldstein (2014), phonological awareness is the most important precursor and has the closest correlation to early literacy. The development of this preliteracy skill includes rhyming, counting syllables and lettersound knowledge and are abilities that have been shown to give students an advantage when beginning to read (Noe et al., 2014). Word Knowledge Vocabulary skills can refer to understanding the meaning of a term or “word” (Bowey, Tunmer, & Pratt, 1984), to making word-referent discrimination (Bowey et al., 1984; Chaney, 1992), and to segmenting words (Chaney, 1992). The development of these vocabulary skills, or word knowledge, directly influences early literacy (Portilla & Teberosky, 2010). Research shows that one of the most important precursors of reading comprehension is knowledge, and that children with word knowledge are more likely to become good readers than children who do not have word knowledge (Dickinson, McCabe, Anastasopoulos, Peisner-Feinberg & Spoe, 2003). It further explains that as early as the age of three, differences exist in vocabulary size when comparing groups of children from different backgrounds, where children from Latino backgrounds, who 11 might not have as many resources available to them, such as children’s books, may have a vocabulary as low as two-thirds the size of their peers (Dickinson et al., 2003; BrukesGunn & Markman-Pithers, 2005). The impact of preliteracy skills, including print awareness, phonological awareness, and word knowledge, on reading success make these skills key elements in the task of addressing the reading achievement gap existing between the Latino population and their White and Asian peers. As the acquisition of these skills begin around the ages of 3 to 5, it is important that appropriate materials be available for Latino families, even before their children enter kindergarten. MATERIALS FOR SHARED STORYBOOK READING Parents as Primary Teachers Many parents of Latino children feel unable to assist their children’s education (Gandara, 2010). For some, this feeling is because they themselves have not received formal education and for others, because they do not speak English or report that they do not speak English well (Gandara, 2010). For this reason, materials, including those for shared storybook reading, should be available in Spanish (Gandara, 2010). Parents serving as their children’s primary teachers have a wide range of Spanishlanguage books to choose from for shared storybook reading. Schon (2008) suggests several key characteristics to consider when selecting these children’s Spanish-language books. He explains that books should be well written with correct translations, and should include aspects of other cultures to make them more engaging. He also writes that a wide range of books should be available with variations of the Spanish language especially 12 from Mexico because these individuals constitute the largest part of the Latino population in the US. One aspect of the present study was to determine if children’s Spanishlanguage books available in the US, were diverse (included other cultures) making them more engaging (Schon, 2008). A description of the parameters for identifying if a book was diverse is included in the methodology. In addition to the characteristics listed by Schon (2008), parents should look for books that promote the development of preliteracy skills to increase the likelihood of later reading success, and ideally, prevent the achievement gap in reading before a child enters kindergarten. Shaw and Armstrong (2012), introduced a program that could be helpful to parents in selecting children’s Spanish-language books that encourage the development of preliteracy skills. This program is known as Read to Me (Shaw & Armstrong, 2012). The Read to Me Program and Research Questions Read to Me, implemented by the Idaho Commission for Libraries, is designed to assist families who may be struggling (often lower income or lower-literacy families) by improving academic success, beginning with the early stages of learning (Read to me, n.d.). In addition to providing a list of resources, Read to Me provides lists of key components to look for in children’s books that promote the development of various preliteracy skills including print awareness, phonological awareness and vocabulary development or word knowledge. These lists were used as guidelines for this research study as they were created to improve the pre-literacy skills of lower-literacy families, including families from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. 13 The Read to Me lists of characteristics were used as guidelines to determine if the books available to the Latino population living in the United States contain key components that can be used to promote beginning pre-literacy skills. More specifically, the guidelines were used to answer the following research questions 1) of the sample of books in Spanish available in book stores and public libraries in two Michigan counties, how many might be used to facilitate emergent literacy skills of print awareness, phonological awareness, and/or word knowledge?; 2) what are the primary features of books in Spanish available in book stores and public libraries in two Michigan counties that might be used to facilitate emergent literacy skills of print awareness, phonological awareness, and word knowledge?; 3) how many of available books in Spanish in bookstores and public libraries in two Michigan counties contain characters and of those that contain characters how many provide diversity? METHODOLOGY The three purposes of this chapter are to (1) provide an explanation of the methodology used in the study, (2) describe the procedures and instruments used to collect data, and (3) provide an explanation of the statistical procedures used to analyze the data. Procedures The study consisted of four stages. During the first stage, the focus was on compiling a list of books for review. These books came from an online resource at Amazon.com that allows the user to create a list of books according to user preferences. 14 The webpage preferences were set to include books for preschool children (ages three to five) that are written in Spanish.3 This process created a list of 2,892 books. These books were then arranged in order beginning with the best sellers. The best sellers were the primary focus as they were expected to provide a list of common books that might be encountered in bookstores and public libraries. Once the online booklist was created, a coding form was developed to record the first 340 paperback or hardcover books which were entered into the coding form, followed by their bibliographic references (See Appendix A). Kindle books were excluded, as they would be less accessible. An online sample size calculator (www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm#two) was used to determine the sample size necessary to accurately reflect the characteristics of the available children’s books in Spanish. With a confidence level of 95%, measure of error of ± 5% and population size of 2892 books, the needed sample size was calculated to be 339, which was rounded up to 340. The second stage was designed to determine the availability of each of the books listed on the coding form, in a bookstore or public library. For the purpose of this study, a book was defined as available in a bookstore if it was listed as available on the bookstore website and could be found on the bookstore shelves at the given location. The library settings followed the same criteria for confirming a book was available, with the exception that if a book was listed on the library catalogue as available but was also recorded as being checked out, it was still counted as available even though it would not 3 http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=sr_pg_1?fst=as%3Aoff&rh=n%3A283155%2Cn%3A4%2Cn%3A3176%2C n%3A69802%2Cn%3A69810%2Ck%3Achildren%27s+spanish+books%2Cp_n_feature_five_browsebin%3A2578999011&sort=popularityrank&keywords=children%27s+spanish+books&ie=UTF8&qid=1424648015 15 be found on the bookshelf at the given library location. This stage was completed by reviewing the library and bookstore catalogues and traveling to each of the selected study locations in Michigan (Barnes and Noble in Kalamazoo County, The Kalamazoo Public Library, Schuler Books and Music in Kent County, and The Grand Rapids Public Library). Locations in the Midwest were chosen based on information found in the literature that shows the Midwest is one of the locations seeing the greatest growth in the Latino population and is faced with the greatest struggle in how to serve this population (McGlynn, 2011). Specific bookstores and libraries located in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties were chosen as they are included in the top 10 counties with highest concentrations of Latinos (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). When a book was confirmed available using these aforementioned methods, a “Y” was placed in the row next to the book in the corresponding location column. If a book was not confirmed available then an “N” was recorded instead. The third stage of the study involved reviewing the books that were available at the given locations (i.e., the books marked by a “Y” in the fourth column of the coding form) to determine if they included components that could be used to facilitate early preliteracy skills. The early pre-literacy skills of interest for this study were print awareness (e.g., noticing print, knowing how to handle a book, and knowing how to follow the words on a page), phonological awareness (i.e., being able to hear and manipulate the smaller sounds in words), and word knowledge (i.e., understanding the names and meanings of vocabulary terms). The same “Y” and “N” method introduced previously was used for recording this information in the appropriate corresponding columns. 16 Standards for confirming these components were taken from the literacy program titled Read to Me (Shaw & Armstrong, 2012) and were used to guide the study as follows. Books that might be used to facilitate print awareness were those that included: 1. illustrations with “environmental print” e.g., illustrations with signs, menus, speech bubbles, or letters of the alphabet decorating a classroom wall; 2. different kinds of typeface, i.e., text that consists of at least two types of typeface formats varying by characteristics like size, color, direction, font style, etc., e.g., words written in all caps to show emphasis, and Books that might be used to facilitate phonological awareness were those that included: 1. books that contain rhyme, e.g., hat -- cat, the frog hopped to the log -- but he was lost in the fog; 2. books with alliteration, i.e., the repetition of the same letter or sound at the beginning of three simultaneous words, e.g., “timid tiny Tim,” or “the little chick said pío, pío, pío”; 3. books with sounds of animals and other things, e.g., the train went “choo choo” and songs in book format,4 e.g., the song B-I-N-G-O in book format. Books that might be used to facilitate word knowledge, as in concept books to improve descriptor word knowledge, e.g., a children’s dictionary or a book on colors. 4 When you sing each syllable of the word gets its own note and beat. This helps children to hear words being broken apart into smaller sounds. 17 The final stage of the study was to determine if the book represented more than one ethnic or cultural background. The standard for confirming this aspect of the books was based on illustrations; that is, if character illustrations were included in the book, then at least two diverse backgrounds needed to be portrayed through these characters based on physical appearance (e.g., large oval eyes vs small, thinner eyes), clothing style (e.g., jeans and a baseball cap vs. a kimono), the character’s setting (e.g., an individual standing in front of an igloo vs. a mansion), or explicit information provided in the text on the characters (e.g., the characters’ origins or names such as “Lilly had moved to the US with her family from China, but her best friend Juan had roots in Guatemala). If two cultural or ethnic backgrounds were confirmed present (e.g., African American and Native American or European American and Asian) based on one of the criteria above, a “Y” was placed in the column labeled diversity in the row next to the corresponding book, otherwise an “N” was recorded. If books did not contain character illustrations a dash was recorded in this same column. This same task was completed with each of the books on the list. Inter-Rater Reliability Before beginning the analysis of the study, a second individual was trained to review Spanish-language children books following the above listed methods for the purpose of inter-rater reliability. Thirty percent of the books found available and analyzed at the libraries and bookstores (N = 37) were randomly selected for inter-rater reliability coding. An individual trained to make judgments on the presence of components of pre- 18 literacy skills reviewed the randomly selected books using the same standards. Thirty-seven books were reviewed for the purpose of inter-rater reliability. Each of these books was assessed for the presence of 8 features (2 features of print awareness, 4 features of phonological awareness, 1 feature of word knowledge, and 1 feature of diversity). When a feature was present it was given the value of 1 and counted toward the total number of features present in the book. The total values given by rater 1 and rater 2 were compared to identify any differences (See Appendix B). Of the 37 books (what percent of the data?) reviewed, each with 8 features there was a total of 296 opportunities for agreement (8 times 37). The sum of the differences (18) was subtracted from the total number of opportunities (296) to provide the number of rater agreement (278). In conclusion Rater 1 and rater 2 had agreement in 278 (94.0%) of the 296 opportunities. Data Analysis The study used descriptive statistics, describing the data with frequencies and percentages of the occurrence of features that could be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills in the books. The book features data were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version 19 (IBM, 2010). RESULTS The primary aim of this research study was to determine whether Spanishlanguage children’s books available to the Spanish-speaking Latino population living in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties in Michigan might be used as tools to promote beginning pre-literacy skills. The study answered the following questions: 1) of the sample of books 19 in Spanish, how many might be used to facilitate emergent literacy skills of print awareness, phonological awareness, and/or word knowledge?; 2) what are the primary features of books in Spanish that might be used to facilitate emergent literacy skills of print awareness, phonological awareness, and word knowledge?; 3) how many of books in the sample contain characters and of those that contain characters how many provide diversity? Overview Three hundred and forty books comprised the sample but only 124 (36.5%) of these books were located at one or more of the research locations. Of these 124 books, 73 (58.9%) were found and assessed at The Grand Rapids Public Library, 22 (17.8%) were located at Schuler Books and Music in Kent County, 53 (42.7%) were located at The Kalamazoo Public Library, and 56 (45.2%) books were located at Barnes and Noble in Kalamazoo County. The analysis answered three research questions. Each of these questions is discussed below. The Number of Books That Might Be Used to Facilitate Emergent Literacy Skills The first research question was “of the sample of books in Spanish, how many might be used to facilitate emergent literacy skills of print awareness, phonological awareness, and/or word knowledge?” Results showed that of the124 books that comprised the data for this study, 122 (98.4%) might be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills (See Table 1). 20 Table 1 Books Found to Facilitate Emergent Literacy Skills (EL) 124 Book Sample n EL Present (%) 122 (98.4) 2 (1.6) 124 (100) EL Absent Total The number of pre-literacy skills that might be facilitated varied from book to book. Of the 122 books that might be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills, 59 (48.4%) might be used to facilitate one pre-literacy skill, 57 (46.7%) might be used to facilitate two different pre-literacy skills, and 6 (4.9%) might be used to facilitate all three preliteracy skills (See Table 2). Appendices C, D, and E provide lists of books arranged according to the number of pre-literacy skills that might be facilitated. Of the 122 books that might be used to facilitate at least one pre-literacy skill, 102 (83.6%) might be used to facilitate print awareness (See Table 3), 57 (46.7%) might be used to facilitate phonological awareness (See Table 4) and 46 (37.7%) might be used to facilitate word knowledge (See Table 5). Appendices F, G and H provide lists of books that met the study criteria for each individual pre-literacy skill. 21 Table 2 Number of Books Found to Facilitate One, Two and Three Pre-Literacy Skills 122 Book Sample n (%) One Pre-literacy Skill 59 (48.4) Two Pre-literacy Skills 57 (46.7) Three Pre-literacy Skills 6 (4.9) 122 (100) Total Table 3 Books Found to Facilitate Print Awareness (PrA) 122 Book Sample PrA Present n (%) 102 (83.6) 20 (16.4) 122 (100) PrA Absent Total 22 Table 4 Books Found to Facilitate Phonological Awareness (PhA) 122 Book Sample PrA Present n (%) 57 (46.7) 65 (53.3) 122 (100) PrA Absent Total Table 5 Books Found to Facilitate Word Knowledge (WK) 122 Book Sample WK Present n (%) 46 (37.7) 76 (62.3) 122 (100) WK Absent Total 23 The second research question was “what are the primary features of books in Spanish that might be used to facilitate emergent literacy skills of print awareness, phonological awareness, and/or word knowledge?” Results showed that of the 122 books containing features that might facilitate pre-literacy skills, 102 (83.6%) books might be used to facilitate print awareness. Sixty-eight (55.7%) of the 122 data included environmental print, and 87 (71.3%) of the 122 included varying forms of typeface, making varying forms of typeface the feature most often encountered in this research study that might facilitate print awareness. Fifty-seven (46.7%) of the 122 books might be used to facilitate phonological awareness. Thirty-six (29.5%) of the 122 contained rhyming, 17 (13.9%) contained alliteration, 30 (24.6%) contained sounds of animals and other things, and 9 (7.4%) contained songs in book format, making rhyming the feature most often encountered in this research study that might facilitate phonological awareness. Forty-six of the 122 books might be used to facilitate word knowledge. All 46 (37.7%), of the total 122 books assessed were concept books as this was the only criterion used to identify books that might facilitate word knowledge. Books Showing Diversity The third research question was “how many books in the sample contain characters and of these that contain characters how many show diversity?” Seventy-four (59.7%) of the 124 books available in bookstores and public libraries in two Michigan counties contained characters, and of these books 37 (50% of the books with characters and 29.8% of the total sample) were multicultural showing diversity (See Table 6). 24 Table 6 Books Found with Diversity 124 Book Sample Characters Present Characters Absent n (%) n (%) Diversity Present 37 (50.0) 0 (0) Diversity Absent 37 (50.0) 50 (100) Total 74 (100) 50 (100) DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Bookstore and Library Settings Children’s Spanish-language books were found in the children’s section of bookstores and public libraries in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties in Michigan. These books were separated from those written in English, making them easy to find, especially with additional aids including signs that read “Español” (i.e., Spanish) over the Spanish sections at The Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo Public Libraries, and display arrangements that showed the cover pages of books at Barnes and Noble and Schuler Books and Music. It was difficult, however, to find specific books at the two bookstores, as the children’s 25 Spanish-language books were not arranged in an overt system of organization. This might decrease the level of accessibility for families looking to locate specific books. The size of the Spanish-language book sections did not always correlate to what would be expected based on Michigan demographics. Kent County is listed as having the second largest Latino population in Michigan with 58,437 individuals of Latino background or descent, and Kalamazoo County is listed as having the tenth largest Latino population in Michigan with 9,959 individuals (US Census Bureau, 2010). While the section of 834 Spanish-language books held at The Grand Rapids Public Library in Kent County was larger than the section of 416 books held at The Kalamazoo Public Library, Schuler Book and Music in Kent County held 65 books, less than Barnes and Noble in Kalamazoo County which held 250 books. The numbers of children’s Spanish-language books included above were reported as estimates by the staff at each location. Of the 340 books listed on the coding form, 124 were available to be analyzed in the two bookstores and two public libraries in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties. The 226 (350-124) books that were not found in the bookstores or public libraries did not get factored into the overall percentages, as it was impossible to confirm whether or not these books could be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills. Many of the 124 books analyzed in this study were found at more than one location. While books found at more than one location were not analyzed more than once, they were included in the overall percentages at each location where they were found. Seventy-three of the 124 books analyzed in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties were found at The Grand Rapids Public Library. These seventy-three books constitute 8.8% of the 26 estimated total 834 books present at this location. Fifty-three books from the list of 124 were found at The Kalamazoo Public Library, which is 12.7% of the estimated total 416 books present at this location. Fifty-six books from the list of 124 were found at Barnes and Noble in Kalamazoo County, which is 22.4% of the estimated total 250 books present at this location. Twenty-two books from the list 124 were found and analyzed at Schuler Books and Music, which is 33.8% of the estimated 65 books present at this location. The coding form in Appendix A provides information pertaining to which books were found at each of the study locations. The percentages above show that the books analyzed at the bookstores and public libraries in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties comprised only a minor part of the total number of children’s Spanish-language books available at each location. These lower percentages make it less likely that an individual will randomly draw one of these books when selecting from the children’s Spanish-language book sections. Results from the 124 books analyzed provided information on the books that are available to the Spanish-speaking Latino population living in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties. Of the 124 books analyzed, 122 might be used to facilitate at least one preliteracy skill. However, the books that were analyzed for this research were drawn from a top-seller list, and books on these lists might be expected to be of higher quality, possibly increasing their chances of including features that might be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills. This research design may have impacted the overall results. Of the 122 books containing features that might be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills, more than 80 percent might be used to facilitate print awareness. The occurrence of 27 books that might be used to facilitate phonological awareness and word knowledge was far less with percentages falling below 50% (46.7% for phonological awareness and 37.7 percent for word knowledge). However, books that did not meet the study’s guidelines might still be used to facilitate individual pre-literacy skills. For example, a parent may use almost any book to facilitate print awareness by pointing and naming letters, or by pointing out and commenting on the direction of the print. A parent might also facilitate phonological awareness using any book by inventing a story line that includes rhyming and alliteration. In addition, the facilitation of word knowledge may occur by a parent’s pointing out and naming items in illustrations or by discussing the meanings behind words or phrases. Overall, though the study results provide specific measurements of books that might be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills, they do not account for the facilitation of pre-literacy skills that goes beyond immediate written text and illustrations. Of the 122 books found that might be used to facilitate at least one pre-literacy skill, varying forms of typeface was the primary feature that might be used to facilitate print awareness, and rhyming was the primary feature that might be used to facilitate phonological awareness. Forty-six of the 122 books analyzed might be used to facilitate word knowledge development, all of which were concept books as this was the only feature used to identify books that might be used to facilitate word knowledge. There are likely many more books that may be used to facilitate word knowledge, including additional concept books as well as books with alternative features (e.g., a children’s book containing abstract terminology that a child might not typically encounter in day-to- 28 day interactions). These books, however, were not included in the study and may have impacted the results. Of the total 124 books assessed for this study, only 74 included characters, and of these books that included characters 37 showed diversity by portraying various cultures and backgrounds. This result is 29.8 percent of the 124 available books that comprised the data for this study. When taking into consideration the fact that only 74 available books included characters, the outcome appears more positive in that 50 percent of the 74 books that included characters showed diversity. Many of the books reflected the cultural backgrounds of Spain and Mexico, especially those that were originally written in Spanish rather than translated from children’s books written in English. Future research might analyze the number and quality of books in Spanish that were translated from children’s books written in English. Future studies might also consider whether or not pre-literacy skills such as rhyming are lost in the translation process. Future Direction In addition to the research question above, future research might also aim to improve the validity and reliability of the results by making small changes to the methodology. For example, and alternative method for selecting books to be analyzed, such as analyzing every fifth book (i.e., a random selection of books) on the shelf in the children’s Spanish-language book sections, might increase the number of books analyzed at each location. An increased number of books analyzed at each location might provide conclusions that pertain more to the given bookstores and public libraries rather than the top sellers list from which books were drawn for this study. In a more randomized 29 selection approach, all of the books available in the children’s Spanish-language books sections in the given study locations would have an equal opportunity to be selected, including those that are not on a best seller list. The same analysis used in this study might also be completed in additional libraries and bookstores. This could include those in the Midwest beyond the ones included in this study, which would increase the sample size and, in result, increase the reliability and validity of the results. It might also be interesting to conduct this particular study in other locations around the US, where the Latino population is larger and more established, to see if materials have been adapted to meet the needs of the Latino populations. In this process the researcher might compare if there are differences, and what the differences are from one setting to another, and if these differences correlate with demographics. For example, locations with a higher Latino population (e.g., California) might have an increased number of tools, or possibly better-adapted tools that may be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills of children of Spanish-speaking Latino background or descent. Additional research questions might also consider what patterns of bookstore and library use Latino parents and caregivers exhibit. Research shows that while Latinos seem to value the availability of Spanish-language resources in libraries, overall use could still be improved (Oder, 2008). For example, Oder (2008), reports that only 54% of the Latino population use libraries. In fact, roughly 47% of Latinos who have not attended high school have never been to a public library (Oder, 2008). This means that 30 even with resources available to the public, many Latino children still may not have access. This leads to one final research direction. While this study considered books in bookstores and public libraries in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties that might be available to the Spanish-speaking Latino populations, it did not aim to answer whether or not these books were accessible. Books that are available may not be accessible to the Latino populations if families and/or individuals do not have a means of transportation, extra time to travel to a bookstore or public library, the knowledge of the existence of materials, or even an understanding of how to obtain these materials. Understanding the accessibility of Spanish-language materials may prove just as valuable in addressing the achievement gap in reading, as knowing the availability and quality of these materials. CONCLUSION Research shows that a 21-point achievement gap in reading exists between Latino, and White and Asian students, often presenting even before a child enters kindergarten (Hemphil & Vanneman, 2011). This gap is a major concern as it not only can lead to later gaps in high school and college, but it can even impact the types of jobs obtained in adulthood (National Education Association, n.d.). In order to decrease the size of, and even possibly prevent this gap, it is important introduce methods for parents to use at home (Hemphil & Vanneman, 2011). Shared storybook reading is one such example that has been shown to promote the acquisition of pre-literacy skills important to later reading success (Zeece, 2009; Vázquez-Montilla, 2009). 31 This study assessed 124 Spanish-language children’s books available to the Latino populations in bookstores and public libraries of Kent and Kalamazoo Counties and found that 122 of these books in Spanish might be used to facilitate at least one preliteracy skill. Of these 122 books, 83.6 percent could possibly be used to facilitate print awareness, 46.7 percent might be used to facilitate phonological awareness and 37.7 percent have the potential be used to facilitate word knowledge. Furthermore results showed that of the 122 books analyzed, varying forms of typeface was the predominant feature present that could be used to facilitate print awareness, and rhyming was the primary feature found in books that could be used to facilitate phonological awareness. Content books appeared to be a common feature that might be used to facilitate word knowledge, however, this was the only feature that could be used to facilitate word knowledge considered in the study. Finally, 50 percent of the books that included characters were multicultural, possibly appealing to a more diverse audience. Overall, out of the 124 books analyzed at the bookstores and public libraries in Kent and Kalamazoo Counties in Michigan, almost 100 percent of these were found to include one or multiple characteristics that might be used to facilitate pre-literacy skills. However, the availability of these materials does not confirm their accessibility to the Spanish speaking Latino populations, which would require future research. 32 APPENDIX A Print Awareness, Phonological Awareness and Word Knowledge Coding Form 33 2. 34 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Title of Book ¿Eres Mi Mama? First 100 Words Bilingual (Spanish Edition) Bilingual Bright Baby Colors First Words (Bilingual Bright Baby) / Primeras Palabras (Bebé Listo) (Spanish Edition) Bilingual Bright Baby Animals (Spanish Edition) A is for Airplane/A es para avión La oruga muy hambrienta Author P.D. Eastman and Desiree Marquez Roger Priddy Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler´s Bookstore Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 1. N Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N - N N N N - - - - - - - - Roger Priddy N N N N - - - - - - - - Roger Priddy N N N N - - - - - - - - Roger Priddy N N N N - - - - - - - - Theresa Howell N N Y N N Y N N N N Y Y Eric Carle Y Y N Y N N Y N N N Y - 35 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 8. Title of Book ¡Pío Peep!: Traditional Spanish Nursery Rhymes Perro Grande…Perro Pequeño Author Alma Flor Ada and F. Isabel Campoy Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y P.D. Eastman N Y N Y Y Y Y N N N N - ¡Qué cosas dice mi abuela! Quiero a mi mamá porque… My First Spanish Word Board Book/Mi primer libro de palabras en español Opuestos Quiero a mi papá porque… Bright Baby Bilingual Touch and Feel: Numbers Ana Galan N N N N - - - - - - - - Laurel Porter Gaylord and Ashley Wolff DK Publishing N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N Y Y Y N N N N Y N Sandra Boynton Laurel Porter Gaylord and Ahsley Wolff Roger Priddy N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Title of Book Buenas noches, Luna 17. Viva Frida 18. ¿Dónde está el ombliguito? Biblia para niños, Historias de Jesús The Cat in the Hat: In English and Spanish Marisol McDonald Doesn´t Match: Marisol McDonald no combina Coleccion de oro Jorge el curioso/A Treasury of Curious George Frida 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Author Margaret Wise Brown and Clement Hurd Yuyi Morales and Tim O´Meara Karen Katz Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 36 16. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N - Y N Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Sally Lloyd-Jones Y Y N Y Y Y N N N N N Y Dr. Seuss and Carlos Rivera Monica Brown Ph.D. and Sara Palacios Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y N N N Y N N Y Y Y N N N N N Y H.A. Rey N N N N - - - - - - - - Jonah Winter Y N N Y Y N N N N N N N 37 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Title of Book Don Quixote Diez deditos de las manos y Diez deditos de los pies/ Ten Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes Si le das una galletita a un ratón Perritos Mi Primer Libro del Cuerpo/My First Body Board Book De Colores and Other Latin American Folksongs for Children El mejor libro de palabras de Richard Scarry Author Jennifer Adams and Alison Oliver Mem Fox and Helen Oxenbury Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 24. N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N Y N N Y N N N N Y Laura Joffe Numeroff and Felicia Bond Sandra Boynton DK Publishing N N Y Y Y N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N Y N N Y N Y Y Jose-Luis Orozco and Elisa Kleven Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Luna Rising Editors N N N N - - - - - - - - 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. Title of Book Buenos Dias, Bebé! Buenas noches, Gorila My Name is Gabriela/ Me llamo Gabriela Azul el sombrero, verde el sombrero 123 Chicago Pele, King of Soccer/ Pele, El rey del fútbol Muu. Beee. Así fue! Author DK Publising Peggy Rathmann Monica Brown and John Parra Sandra Boynton La lagartija y el Sol Bright Baby Bilingual Touch and Feel: Words /Palabras Book Fiesta! Teach Them Spanish, Grade K Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 38 31. 32. 33. N N Y N N N N N N N N N Y N Y Y Y Y N Y N N N N - - - - - - - - Puck Monica Brown and Rudy Gutierrez Sandra Boynton N Y N Y N N N Y Y Y N N N N N Y N N N Y N Y Y Y Y N Y - Alma Flor Ada Roger Priddy Y N N N N N N N N - N - N - N - N - N - N - N - Pat Mora and Rafael Lopez Winnie Waltzer-Hackett Y N Y N Y Y N N Y N N Y N N N N - - - - - - - - Title of Book Harry, el perrito sucio 43. A de activista 44. Corduroy (Spanish version) Buenas Noches, Bebé! 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. Author Gene Zion and Margaret Bloy Graham Martha E. Gonzalez and Innosanto Nagara Don Freeman Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 39 42. N N N N - - - - - - - - N N Y N Y Y Y Y N N Y Y N N Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y DK Publising N N N N - - - - - - - - Oso pardo, oso pardo, ¿Qeé ves ahí? Fruits and Vegetables/ Frutas y vegetables McGraw-Hill´s Spanish Picture Dictionary Presiona Aquí My Name is Gabito / Me llamo Gabito Bill Martin and Eric Carle Gladys Rosa-Mendoza N Y Y Y N N Y N N N Y Y N N N N - - - - - - - - McGraw-Hill´s Spanish Picture Dictionary N N N N - - - - - - - - Herve Tuliet Monica Brown and Raul Colon Y Y Y N N Y N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N Clifford va al doctor Norman Bridwell Y Y N N Y N N N N N N Y 40 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. Title of Book Chica Chica Bum Bum ABC (Spanish Edition) My Big Book of Spanish Words Jorge el curioso limpia el reguero Jorge el curioso en el partido de béisbol ¿Dónde está Spot? La llama llama rojo pijama Froggy se viste My Body / Mi cuerpo Clifford: La colección Un gato y un perro/ A Dog and A Cat Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 52. Author Bill Martin Jr. and John Archambault N N N N - - - - - - - - Rebecca Emberley N N Y Y Y Y N N N N Y - H.A. Rey N N N N - - - - - - - - H.A. Rey N Y N N Y N N N N N N Y Eric Hill and Teresa Mlawer Anne Dewdney N N Y Y Y N N N N N N - N N N N - - - - - - - - Jonathan London Gladys Rosa-Mendoza and Mark Wesley Norman Bridwell Claire Masurel and Bob Kolar Y N N N Y N N N Y - Y - N - N - Y - N - N - - N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - 41 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. Title of Book Jorge el Curioso y el conejito Lee y Aprende: La Biblia Jesus Saves the World / Jesús salva al mundo La casa adormecida The Three Little Javelinas / Los Tres Pequeños Jablíes Catch Me If you Can! / A que no me alcanzas! The Day of the Dead/ El día de los muertos No, David! (Spanish version) The Weather / El tiempo Author H.A. Rey and Margret Rey Scholastic and Amercan Bible Society Zondervan Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 62. N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Audrey Wood and Don Wood Susan Lowell N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N Y Y Y N Y N N - Bernard Most and F. Isabel Campoy N N N N - - - - - - - - Bob Barner Y N Y N N N Y N N Y N N David Shannon N N N Y Y Y N Y N N N N Gladys Rosa-Mendoza and Carolina Cifuentes N N N N - - - - - - - - 42 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. Title of Book David and the Giant/ David y el gigante Rabbit and Turtle Go To School / Conejo y tortuga van a la escuela Big Pig and Little Pig/ Cerdo y Cerdito The Three Little Pigs/ Los Tres Cerditos Colors/ Colores What time is it? / ¿Qué hora es? The Ugly Duckling / El patito Feo My Very First Book of Shapes/ Mi primer libro de figuras Mi primer libro de números Author Zondervan Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 71. N N N N - - - - - - - - Lucy Floyd and Christopher Denise N N N N - - - - - - - - David McPhail and Alma Flor Ada Mercé Escardó i Bas and Pere Joan Eric Carle Gladys Rosa-Mendoza and Carolina Cifuentes Mercé Escardó i Bas and Francesc Capdevila Eric Carle Y N N N Y Y N N N N N - Y N N N N Y Y N N N N - N N N N N N Y N N - Y - N - N - N - N - Y - - N N N Y N Y N N Y N N - N Y N Y N N N N N N Y - Eric Carle N Y N Y N Y N N N N Y - 43 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. Title of Book My Colors/ Mis Colores Henry y Mudge y el mejor día del año La semilla de zanahoria Sí le das un panqueque a una cerdita Jonah and the Big Fish / Jonás y el gran pez The Story of Jesus/ La Historia de Jesus La Pequeña locomotora qu sí pudo Clifford y la hora del baño Rubia and the three osos Author Rebecca Emberley Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 80. Y N Y Y N Y N N N N Y - Cynthia Rylant and Sucie Stevenson Ruth Krauss and Crockett Johnson Laura Numeroff and Felicica Bond Zondervan N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N Y N N Y N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Patricia A. Pingry and Rebecca McKillip Thornburgh Watty Piper N N N Y Y N N N N N N Y Y N N Y Y N N Y Y N N N Norman Bridwell N N N N - - - - - - - - Susan Middleton Elya and Melissa Sweet Y N Y N Y Y Y N Y N N - 44 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. Title of Book Henry y Mudge El Primer Libro Gathering the Sun: An Alphabet in Spanish and English Aladdin and the Magic Lamp/ Aladino y la lámpara marabillosa The Casuela That the Farm Maiden Stirred Daniel y los leones La gallinita roja 123 Boston Si le das un panecillo a un alce Celebra la Navidad y el Día de los Reyes Magos Salí de paseo Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 89. Author Cynthia Rylant and Suci N N N N - - - - - - - - Almas Flor Ada Y N Y N Y Y Y N N N N N Josep Vallverdu and Pep Montserrat N N N N - - - - - - - - Samantha R. Vamos and Rafael Lopez Zondervan Lucinda McQueen Puck Laura Numeroff and Felicia Bond Campoy Isabel and Alma Flor Ada N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N Y N N N N N Y N Y N N N N Y Y N Y Y N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Sue Williams N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N 45 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. Title of Book Let´s Go to the Zoo /Vamos al zoólogico My clothes/ Mi ropa Olivia Author Fisher-Price ™ and Lori C. Froeb Rebecca Emberley Ian Falconer My First Bilingual Book: Music/ La musica First Thousand Words in Spanish ¿Cómo aprenden los colores los dinosaurios? Oficios en mi vecindario Un bolsillo para Corduroy Oso polar, oso polar, ¿qué es ese ruidoo? Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 99. N N N N - - - - - - - - N Y N Y Y N N N N N N Y N N N Y N Y N N Y N - Milet Publising N N N N - - - - - - - - Heather Amery, Mike Olley and Stephen Cartwright Jane Yolen and Mark Teague Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y N N N N - - - - - - - - Gladys Rosa-Mendoza N N N N - - - - - - - - Don Freeman N N N N - - - - - - - - Bill Martin and Eric Carle Y N N Y N N Y N N N N Y 46 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. Title of Book The Baby Chicks Are Singing /Los pollitos dicen A sembrar sopa de verduras/ Growing Vegetable Soup Scholastic Explora Tu Mundo: Dinosaurios My Animals/ Mis Animales Scholastic Explora Tu Mundo: Insectos y otras criaturas Say Hola to Spanish Lupe Lupita, Where Are You?/ Lupe Lupita, ¿dónde estás? Nadarin /Swimmy Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 108. Author Ashley Wolff N N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y N - Lois Ehlert Y N Y N N Y N N N N Y - Penelope Arion N N N N - - - - - - - - Rebecca Emberley N N N Y N N N N N N Y - Penelope Arion N N N N - - - - - - - - Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez Gladys Rosa Mendoza and Mark Wesley N N Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y N N N N - - - - - - - - Leo Lionni and Teresa Miawer N N N N - - - - - - - - 47 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. Title of Book Sílbale a Willie The Cat in the Hat Beginner Book Dictionary in Spanish El Invierno 1000 First Words in Spanish 123 Baltimore Clifford y los sonidos de los animales Moon Rope/ Un lazo a la luna Scholasic Explora Tu Mundo: La selva tropical Te amo, sol/ Te amo luna Freight Train/ Tren de carga Author Ezra Jack Keats and Ernesto Livon Grosman P.D. Eastman Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 116. N N N N - - - - - - - - N Y N Y Y Y N Y N N Y N Nuria Roca Sam Budds and Susie Lacome Puck Norman Bridwell N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N Y N Y Y N Y N Y - Lois Ehlert and Amy Prince Penelope Arion N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Karen Pandell and Tomie dePaola Donald Crews N N N Y N N N N N N Y Y Y N N Y N Y N N N N Y - 128. Oye, Hormiguita 129. Henry y Mudge con Barro Hasta el Rabo My Room/ Mi Cuarto Those Icky Sticky Smelly CavityCauding but…Invisible Germs/ Esos sucios pegajosos olorosos causantes de caries pero…invisibles gérmenes 48 130. 131. Author Rebecca Emberley Arthur Dorros and Sandra Marulanda Dorros Phillip Hoose and Hannah Hoose Cynthia Rylant and Suci Stevenson Rebecca Emberley Juthis Anne Rice and Julie Stricklin Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 127. Title of Book My House: A Book in Two Langauges/ Mi casa: Un libro en dos lenguas Abuela 126. N N N Y Y N N N N N Y - N N Y Y Y N N N N N N Y N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - 49 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. Title of Book Daniel´s Pet/ Daniel y su mascota Qué Monton de Tamales! Rapunzel: A bilingual book ¿Cómo dicen ESTOY ENOJADO los dinosaurios? A Piñata in a Pine Tree: A Latino Twelve Days of Christmas Amelia Bedelia (Spanish Edition) Cougars/Pumas Little Pim: Animals Silvestre Y La Piedrecita Magica Santa Biblia VeggieTales Author Alma Flor Ada and G. Brian Karas Gary Soto and Ed Martinez Francesc Bofill and Joma Joma Jane Yolen and Mark Teague Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 132. N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N N Y N N Y N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Pat Mora and Magaly Morales Y N Y N Y Y Y N N Y N N Peggy Parish and Yanitzia Canetti JoAnn Early Macken Julia Pimsleur Levine William Steig Y N Y N Y Y N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N - Zondervan N N N N - - - - - - - - 50 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. Title of Book Tortillas and Lullabies/ Tortillas y cancioncitas LEGO City: Apagar el incendio! Oh No, Gotta Go! (Spanish Edition) Los tres árboles My Numbers/Mis Numeros Beauty and the Beast/ La Bella y la Bestia Opposites/Opuestos Opuestos: Mexican Folk Art Opposites in English and Spanish Bizcocho Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 142. Author Lynn Reiser and Corazones Valientes N N Y N Y N Y N N Y N Y Michael Anthony Steele N N N N - - - - - - - - Susan Middleton Elya and G. Brian Karas Angela Elwell Hunt and Tim Jonke Rebecca Emberley N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N Y Y N N N N N N Y - Roser Ros and Cristina Losantos Bladys Rosa-Mendoza and Carolina Cifuentes Cynthia Weill and Martin Santiago N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N N Y N N N N Y - Alyssa Satin Capucilli and Pat Schories Y N N N Y Y N N Y N N N 51 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. Title of Book Scholastic explora tu mundo: Mi cuerpo LEGO City: A repara ese camión! Me gusto como soy! Hello Ocean/ Hola mar The Musicians of Bremen/ Los Musicos De Bremen My Garder/ Mi Jardin Fiesta! My family and I/ Mi familia y yo Lupe Vargas and Her Super Best Friend/ Lupe Vargas y su super mejor amiga Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 151. Author Andrea Pinnington N N N N - - - - - - - - Michael Anthony Steele Y Y N N Y Y N N Y N N - Nancy Carlson and Dolores Koch Pam Munoz Ryan and Mark Astrella Roser Ros and Pep Montserrat N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N N Y N Y Y N N - Rebecca Emberley Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Gladys Rosa-Mendoza and Carolina Cifuentes Amy Costales and Alexandra Artigas N N N N N Y N Y N Y N N Y N N Y N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - 52 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. Title of Book Los tres cerditos y el lobo no tan feroz Salta, Ranita, Salta! LEGO City: A construir la ciudad! Little Pim: Colors Little Pim: Number Richard Scarry´s Best Counting Book Ever/ El mejor libro para contar de Richard Scarry Farmers Market/ Día de mercado ¿Cómo se curan los dinosaurios? Como mamá/ Just Like Mom Title of Book Mark Teague Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 160. Y N Y Y Y Y N N N N N - Robert Kalan and Byron Barton Scholastic N N Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N - Julia Pimsleur Levine Julia Pimsleur Levine Luna Rising Editors N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Carmen Parks N N N N - - - - - - - - Jane Yolen and Mark Teague Y Y N N Y Y Y N N N N Y Isabel Munoz and Gustavo Mazali Y N N N - - - - - - - - 53 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. Title of Book Princess Prissypants Goes to Spain Bear´s Busy Family/ La familia ocupada de Oso El expreso polar La vida del pingüino The Bossy Gallito/ El gallo de bodas Día de Martin Luther King, Jr. What Can You Do With a Paleta? / ¿Qúe puedes hacer con una paleta? My Opposites/ Mis Opuestos Otto se presenta para presidente Author Ashley Putnam Evans and Martha-Elizabeth Ferguson Stella Blackstone and Debbie Harter Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 169. N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Chris Van Allsburg Nancy Dickmann Lucia M. Gonzalez y Lulu Delacre Revecca Rissman Y N N N N N N N Y N N N Y Y Y Y N Y N N N Y N N N N Y - N N N N - - - - - - - - Carmen Tafolla and Magaly Morales N N N N - - - - - - - - Revecca Emberley N N Y N N Y N N N N Y - Rosemary Wells N N N N - - - - - - - - 54 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. Title of Book A Gift from Papá Diego/ Un regalo de papá Diego The Runaway Piggy/ El cochinito fugitivo My Little Word Book Bilingual The Spirit of Tio Fernando: A Day of the Dead Story Cuando los animales fueron gente Mi Amor Por Ti/ My Love for You La Verdadera historia de los tres cerditos! Best Best Colors: Los mejores colores My First Bilingual Book: Home/ Casa Author Benjamin Alire Sáenz and Geronimo Garcie Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 178. Y N Y N Y Y N N N N N N James Luna and Laura Lacamara Roger Priddy Y N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Janice Levy and Morella Fuenmayor Y N N N Y N N N N N N N Bonnie Larson and Modesto Rivera Lemus Susan L. Roth N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N Y N N N N N N Y - Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith Eric Hoffman and celeste Henriquez Milet Publishing N N Y Y Y Y N N N N N - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - 55 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. Title of Book Let´s Go to the Farm/Vamos a la Granja Festival of Bones/ El Festival de las calaveras Higher! Higher! Mas Alto! Mas Alto! Tenqo que ir! Tumbleweed Stew/ Sopa de matojos Before You Were Here, Mi Amor Maisy´s Animals/ Los animales de maisy Friends from the Other Side/ Amigos del otro lado Caillou, Sorpresa! Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 187. Author Fisher-Price ™ and Lori C. Froeb N N N N - - - - - - - - Luis San Vicente Y N Y N Y Y Y N Y N N - Leslie Patricelli Y N N N N Y N N N N Y Y Robert Munsch and Michael Martchenko Susan Stevens Crummel and Janet Stevens Samantha Vamos and Santiago Cohen Lucy Cousins N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N Y Y N N N N N - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N Y Y N N N N N N Y - Gloria E. Anzaldua and Consuelo Mendez N N Y N Y Y N N N N N N Fabian Savary N N N N - - - - - - - - 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. Title of Book Año nuevo chino Bear in a Square/Oso en un Cuadrado Maisy´s Clothes/ La Ropa de Maisy This House is Made of Mud/ Esta casa esta hecha de lodo Police Officer/ El Policia Día del presidente Bear in Sunshine/ Oso bajo el sol My Tata´s Guitar/ La Guitarra de Mi Tata El alce que tenia sed Caillou, Contrarios Colors! / Colores! Author Nancy Dickmann Stella Blackstone and Debbie Harter Lucy Cousins Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 56 196. 197. N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Ken Buchanan and Libba Tray N N N N - - - - - - - - Jacqueline Laks Gorman and Gregg Andersen Rebecca Rissman Stella Blackstone and Debbie Harter Ethriam Cash Brammer and Daniel Lechon David Orme Fabian Savary Jorge Luján and Piet Grobler N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N N N N N N N N N N - N - N - Y - N - N - N - - 57 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. Title of Book My School/ Mi Escuela Who Hops?/Quién salta? El peso de una misa: Un relato de fe My First Bilingual Book: Numbers David se mete en lios Scholastic Explora Tu Mundo: Los tiburones I live here!/ Yo vivo aquí! 214. ¿Dónde está Eric? 215. 216. Mis cinco sentidos I´m Too Big/ Soy Demasiado Grande Author Rebecca Emberley Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 207. N N N N - - - - - - - - Katie Davis and F. Isabel Campoy Josephine Nobisso and Katalin Szegedi Milet Publishing N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - David Shannon and Teresa Mlawer Penelope Arion N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Gladys Rosa-Mendoze and Margarita E. Gonzalez Isabel Munoz and Gustavo Mazali Aliki Lone Morton and Steve weatherill N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N Y N N N N Y N N N N Y N N N N N N N N Y Y N - 58 218. 219. 220. Title of Book Perros! Perros! Dogs! Dogs! Author Ginger Foglesong Guy and Sharon Glick Number 123/ Los números 123 El verano 221. Eight Animals on the Town (Spanish Edition) Colors/ Los Colores 222. Pluma para almorzar 223. Clifford va a la escuela de perros Es mío/ It´s Mine 224. 225. My First Bilingual Book: Opposites Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 217. Y N Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y Gladys Rosa-Mendoza and Mark Wesley Sian Smith and Rebecca Rissman Susan Middleton Elya and Lee Chapman N N N N - - - - - - - - N N Y N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N - - - - - - - - Clare Beaton N N N N - - - - - - - - Lois Ehlert and Alma Flor Ada Norman Bridwell N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Isabel Munoz and Gustavo Mazali Milet Publishing N N N N - - - - - - - - N Y N N N N N N N N Y N 59 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. Title of Book My First Bilingual Book: Vegetables Scholastic explora tu mundo: Crías de animales Taking a Walk/ Caminando Jorge el curioso Jack and the Beanstalk/ Jack y los frijoles magicos Maisy´s Food/ Los Alimentos de Maisy Animals/Los Animales Dios es bueno todo el tiempo Si llevas un raton al cine Oliver Button es una nene Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 226. Author Milet Publishing N N N N - - - - - - - - Andrea Pinnington N N N N - - - - - - - - Rebecca Emberley N N N N - - - - - - - - H.A. Rey Ladybird Y N Y N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y N N Y N Y N N N N N N N Lucy Cousins N N N N - - - - - - - - Clare Beaton Aleksey Ivanov and Olga Ivanov Laura Numeroff and Felicia Bond Tomie dePaola and Sandra Lopez Varela Y N N N N N N N N - Y - N - N - N - N - Y - - Y N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - 60 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. Title of Book Say Hola to Spanish at the Circus Gorilita Author Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez Ruth Bornstein Scholastic Explora Tu Mundo: La granja My First Book of Spanish Words My House/ Mi casa 242. I´m just Like My Mom/Me parezco tanto a mi mama La Canción del lagarto 243. Little Pim: Feelings 244. 245. Cinderella/Cenicienta Uno Dos Tres Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 236. Y N Y N Y Y Y N N N N Y N N N N - - - - - - - - Penelope Arion N N N N - - - - - - - - Katy R. Kudela Y N Y N Y Y N N N N Y Y Gladys Rosa-Mendoza and Mark Wesley Jorge Ramos and Akemi Gutierrez N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N Y Y N N N N N N George Shannon and Jose Aruego Julia Pimsleur Levine Y N N N N Y Y Y Y Y N - N N N N - - - - - - - - Ladybird Patrice Aggs and Yanitzia Canetti N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - 61 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. Title of Book Colors and Shapes/ Los colores y las figuras Albertina anda arriba: el abecedario Alfombras de aserrín Y Si… Blanca Nieves Strega Nona Author Gladys Rosa-Mendoza and Carolina Cifuentes Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 246. N N N N - - - - - - - - Nancy Maria Grande Tabor Amelia Lau Carling Sarah Perry Ladybird Tomie dePaola N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N Scholastic Explora Tu Mundo: Perritos y gatitos Family/ La familia Penelope Arion N N N N - - - - - - - - Clare Beaton Y N N N N N N N N N Y - Cheerios: El libro de jugar Lector de Scholastic Explora tu Mundo Nivel 1: Planetas Lee Wade N N N N - - - - - - - - Gail Tuchman N N N N - - - - - - - - 258. Margarita y Margaret 259. Hello Night/ Hola Noche Te doy gracias 62 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. Abecedario De Los Animales Caillou, La Hora Del Baño Spanish for Beginners Transportation/ El transporte La Señorita Runfio Author Jonah Winter and Kevin Hawkes Monica Wellington and elda del Risco Lynn Reiser Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 257. Title of Book Compórtate, Pablo Picasso Ana Cultiva Manzanas 256. N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N Y Y N Y N N N N Y N Amy Costales and Mercedes McDonald Josephine Page and Caroline Jayne Church Alma Flor Ada and Vivi Escriva Joceline Sanhagrin Y N N N N Y Y N Y N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Angela Wilkes and John Shackell Clare Beaton N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N N N N N N N Y - Barbara Cooney N N N N - - - - - - - - 63 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. Title of Book Caillou, El osito del peluche Scholastic Explora Tu Mundo: Vehículos de emergencia DK Readers: Crías Del Mundo Animal Madeline (Spanish Edition) Siesta 272. The Usborne Picture Dictionary In Spanish Rumpelstiltskin 273. Huevos Asombrosos 274. First Hundred Words in Spanish Hairs/Pelitos 275. Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 266. Author Joceline Sanhagrin N N N N - - - - - - - - Penelope Arion N N N N - - - - - - - - Karen Wallace N N N N - - - - - - - - Ludwig Bemelmans N N Y N Y Y Y N N N N N Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Felicity Brooks and Mairi MacKinnon Xavier Carrasco and Francesc Infante Fran Hodgkins and Wendy Smith Heather Amery and Stephen Cartwright Sandra Cisneros Y N Y Y Y Y N N N Y N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y 64 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 276. Title of Book Picture Dictionary, Grades K-4, SpanishEnglish Estrella de Navidad Author American Education Publishing N N N N - - - - - - - - Marcus Pfister N N N N - - - - - - - - Everybody Has Feelings/Todos tenemos sentimientos Los Perros Magicos de los volcanes Lol Charles Avery N N N N - - - - - - - - Manlio Argueta and Harriet Rohmer Loufane Gladys RosaMendoza Loretta Lopez N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N Y Y N N Y N N Y Bruce Johnson and Sindy McKay Sally Delaney and Rebecca Elliot N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Qué Sorpresa de Cumpleaños! About Dogs/ Acerca de Los Perros Pull the Tab: My First Words in Spanish: Mis Primeras palabras en español 286. El gran granero rojo 287. 288. 290. Clothes/ La ropa Un Alce, Veinte Ratones My First English/Spanish Dictionary of Sentences El Paseo de Rosie 291. 292. El pez arco iris Say Something, Perico 293. 500 palabras nuevas para ti 65 289. Author Ladybird Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 285. Title of Book The Wizard of Oz/ El mago de oz Cinco the Clinic Cat 284. N N N N - - - - - - - - Carol Brickell and Jim Hastings Margaret Wise Brown and Felicia Bond Clare Beaton Clare Beaton N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N - N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Armelle Modere N N N N - - - - - - - - Pat Hutchins and Alma Flor Ada Marcus Pfister Trudy Harris and Cecilia Rebora Kristin Kest N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N Y Y Y N N N N Y - 66 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. Title of Book Te Quiero Más Dónde está? Caillou, Que Falta? Carlos and the Cornfield/ Carlos y la milpa de maiz El Pez Arco Iris y la Ballena Azul Delfines/ Dolphins La vida de la manzana El Devoradorde Hombres Learn Spanish Through Fairy Tales Beauty and the Beast Level 3 My First Bilingual Book: Colors Author Laura Duksta and Karen Keesler Bobbie Kalman Fabian Savary Jan Romero Stevens and Jeanne Stevens Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 294. N Y N Y Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Marcus Pfister and Delza Pereira Carol K. Lindeen Nancy Dickmann Horacio Quiroga N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - David Burke and Miguel Sandoval N N N N - - - - - - - - Milet Publishing N N N N - - - - - - - - 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. Title of Book La Catarina Tiranosaurio rex/Tyrannosaurus Rex Franklin y Harriet La huerta de manzanas/ The Apple Orchard La Bella durmiente, Cenicienta, La sirenita, La cigarra y la hormiga The Christmas Gift/El regalo de Navidad Say it with/ Diga con Skippyjon Jones Weather/El Tiempo Oh, the Colors/ De Colores Author David M. Schwartz Helen Frost and Jon Hughes Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 67 304. 305. N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Paulette Bourgeois and Alejandra Lopez Verela Patricia J. Murphy N N N N - - - - - - - - Y N N N Y Y N N N N N Y Combel Editorial N N N N - - - - - - - - Francisco Jimenez and Claire B. Cotts Judy Schachner N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Clare Beaton Ashley Wolff N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - 313. 68 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Author Katharine Kenah Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) Title of Book Tiny Terrors, Grades K-1: Terrores diminutos, level 2 My First 100 Words in Spanish/English My Pal Victor: Mi Amigo Victor Kitten´s Adventure/ Las Aventuras Del Gatito Verde dice adelante/Green Means Go Ricitos de oro Caillou: My house/Mi Casa Clifford el gran perro rojo Estrellita de oro/Little Gold Star N N N N - - - - - - - - Keith Faulkner and Paul Johnson Diane Bertrand N N N Y N Y N N N N Y Y N N N N - - - - - - - - Michéle Coxon N N N N - - - - - - - - Susan Ring N N N N - - - - - - - - Margarita Ruiz Chouette Publising and Pierre Brignaud Norman Bridwell N Y N N N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Joe Hayes and Gloria Osuna Perez Y N Y N N Y N N N N N N 69 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. Title of Book It´s Raining Cats and Frogs Opuestos de Dora El Autobús Mágico en el Interior de la Tierra Have You Fed the Cat?/Le has dado de comer al gato? My First Taggies: La araña chiquitita Cuando alguien muy especial muere What Am I Playing? /Qué juego? Nueva York/ New York Play Lady: La señora juguetona Author Harriet Ziefert and Ethan Long Phoeve Beinstein and Robert Roper Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen Michéle Coxon Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 322. N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Jill McDonald N N N N - - - - - - - - Marge Eaton Heegaard N N N N - - - - - - - - Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries and Pamela Zagarenski Sarah De Capua N N N N - - - - - - - - N N N N - - - - - - - - Eric Hoffman and Suzanne Tornquist N N N N - - - - - - - - 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339. 340. Title of Book My Toys/Mis Juguetes El elefante La primera Navidad de Clifford Toys: EnglishSpanish: Los juguetes First Words/ Primeras palabras El rey leon: Un cuento contado La Cocina de Noche Leo, el Retono Tardio Silencio Ruido Owls/Buhos Y Lechuzas Diversity Word Knowledge Concept books Phonological Awareness Songs in book format Phonological Awareness Sounds of animals and other things Phonological Awareness Alliteration Phonological Awareness Rhyming Print Awareness Varying forms of typeface Print Awareness Writing as part of pictures Barnes and Noble Kalamazoo Public Library Schuler Books and Music Grand Rapids Public Library (Main) 70 331. 332. 333. Author Rebecca Emberley Patricia Whitehouse Norman Bridwell N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - Clare Beaton N N N N - - - - - - - - Inc. Sterling Publising Co. RH Disney and Desiree Marquez Maurice Sendak Robert Kraus and Jose Aruego Leslie Patricelli JoAnn Early Macken N Y N N N Y N N N N Y Y N N N N - - - - - - - - N Y N N N N N N Y Y N N Y N Y - N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - APPENDIX B Differences Between Scores Assigned by Rater 1 and Rater 2 71 Differences Between Scores Assigned by Rater 1 and Rater 2 Coding Form Book # Rater 1 Score Rater 2 Score Difference between Rater 1 and Rater 2 scores 3 2 0 2 7 3 3 0 8 0 1 1 12 3 3 0 13 1 2 1 19 3 3 0 21 0 0 0 23 6 4 0 24 3 1 2 29 3 4 1 30 2 1 1 32 3 3 0 33 4 3 1 35 3 3 0 38 2 2 0 39 2 2 2 42 2 2 0 72 Coding Form Book # Rater 1 Score Rater 2 Score Difference between Rater 1 and Rater 2 scores 45 3 2 1 46 4 4 0 50 1 1 0 55 2 2 0 56 1 2 1 60 1 0 1 64 2 1 1 67 1 1 0 75 2 1 1 76 3 3 0 77 0 1 1 83 0 0 0 93 1 1 0 95 5 3 2 101 2 1 1 104 2 2 0 108 2 2 0 119 3 3 0 73 Coding Form Book # Rater 1 Score Rater 2 Score Difference between Rater 1 and Rater 2 scores 121 1 1 0 122 3 3 0 Total differences: 18 74 APPENDIX C Books Facilitating One Pre-Literacy Skill 75 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Title of Book Perro Grande…Perro Pequeño Buenas noches, Luna Author P.D. Eastman Margaret Wise Brown and Clement Hurd Viva Frida Biblia para niños, Historias de Jesús Marisol McDonald Doesn´t Match: Marisol McDonald no combina Frida Diez deditos de las manos y Diez deditos de los pies/ Ten Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes Si le das una galletita a un ratón Pele, King of Soccer/ Pele, El rey del fútbol Corduroy (Spanish version) Presiona Aquí My Name is Gabito / Me llamo Gabito Clifford va al doctor Jorge el curioso en el partido de béisbol ¿Dónde está Spot? The Day of the Dead/ El día de los muertos Big Pig and Little Pig/ Cerdo y Cerdito The Three Little Pigs/ Los Tres Cerditos My Very First Book of Shapes/ Mi primer libro de figuras Sí le das un panqueque a una cerdita The Story of Jesus/ La Historia de Jesus Yuyi Morales and Tim O´Meara Sally Lloyd-Jones Monica Brown Ph.D. and Sara Palacios Gathering the Sun: An Alphabet in Spanish and English My clothes/ Mi ropa Oso polar, oso polar, ¿qué es ese ruidoo? My Animals/ Mis Animales Te amo, sol/ Te amo luna Abuela Amelia Bedelia (Spanish Edition) Silvestre Y La Piedrecita Magica My Numbers/Mis Numeros Los tres cerditos y el lobo no tan feroz Salta, Ranita, Salta! ¿Cómo se curan los dinosaurios? El expreso polar A Gift from Papá Diego/ Un regalo de papá Diego The Runaway Piggy/ El cochinito fugitivo The Spirit of Tio Fernando: A Day of the Dead Story Mi Amor Por Ti/ My Love for You La Verdadera historia de los tres cerditos! Tumbleweed Stew/ Sopa de matojos 76 Jonah Winter Mem Fox and Helen Oxenbury Laura Joffe Numeroff and Felicia Bond Monica Brown and Rudy Gutierrez Don Freeman Herve Tuliet Monica Brown and Raul Colon Norman Bridwell H.A. Rey Eric Hill and Teresa Mlawer Bob Barner David McPhail and Alma Flor Ada Mercé Escardó i Bas and Pere Joan Eric Carle Laura Numeroff and Felicica Bond Patricia A. Pingry and Rebecca McKillip Thornburgh Almas Flor Ada Rebecca Emberley Bill Martin and Eric Carle Rebecca Emberley Karen Pandell and Tomie dePaola Arthur Dorros and Sandra Marulanda Dorros Peggy Parish and Yanitzia Canetti William Steig Rebecca Emberley Mark Teague Robert Kalan and Byron Barton Jane Yolen and Mark Teague Chris Van Allsburg Benjamin Alire Sáenz and Geronimo Garcie James Luna and Laura Lacamara Janice Levy and Morella Fuenmayor Susan L. Roth Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith Susan Stevens Crummel and Janet Stevens 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. Title of Book Maisy´s Animals/ Los animales de maisy Friends from the Other Side/ Amigos del otro lado El alce que tenia sed Mis cinco sentidos El verano My First Bilingual Book: Opposites Jack and the Beanstalk/ Jack y los frijoles magicos Si llevas un raton al cine Say Hola to Spanish at the Circus I´m just Like My Mom/Me parezco tanto a mi mama Strega Nona Family/ La familia Transportation/ El transporte Madeline (Spanish Edition) First Hundred Words in Spanish Hairs/Pelitos Te Quiero Más La huerta de manzanas/ The Apple Orchard Estrellita de oro/Little Gold Star 77 Author Lucy Cousins Gloria E. Anzaldua and Consuelo Mendez David Orme Aliki Sian Smith and Rebecca Rissman Milet Publishing Ladybird Laura Numeroff and Felicia Bond Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez Jorge Ramos and Akemi Gutierrez Tomie dePaola Clare Beaton Clare Beaton Ludwig Bemelmans Heather Amery and Stephen Cartwright Sandra Cisneros Laura Duksta and Karen Keesler Patricia J. Murphy Joe Hayes and Gloria Osuna Perez APPENDIX D Books Facilitating Two Pre-Literacy Skills 78 Title of Book ¿Eres Mi Mama? A is for Airplane/A es para avión La oruga muy hambrienta ¡Pío Peep!: Traditional Spanish Nursery Rhymes My First Spanish Word Board Book/Mi primer libro de palabras en español ¿Dónde está el ombliguito? The Cat in the Hat: In English and Spanish De Colores and Other Latin American Folksongs for Children My Name is Gabriela/ Me llamo Gabriela Book Fiesta! A de activista Author P.D. Eastman and Desiree Marquez Theresa Howell Eric Carle Alma Flor Ada and F. Isabel Campoy Bill Martin and Eric Carle Rebecca Emberley Jonathan London Susan Lowell 16. 17. Oso pardo, oso pardo, ¿Qeé ves ahí? My Big Book of Spanish Words Froggy se viste The Three Little Javelinas / Los Tres Pequeños Jablíes No, David! (Spanish version) Colors/ Colores 18. The Ugly Duckling / El patito Feo 19. 20. 21. My Very First Book of Numbers / Mi primer libro de números My Colors/ Mis Colores La Pequeña locomotora qu sí pudo Mercé Escardó i Bas and Francesc Capdevila Eric Carle 22. Rubia and the three osos Susan Middleton Elya and Melissa Sweet 23. 24. 25. Si le das un panecillo a un alce Salí de paseo Olivia Laura Numeroff and Felicia Bond Sue Williams Ian Falconer 26. First Thousand Words in Spanish 27. 29. The Baby Chicks Are Singing /Los pollitos dicen A sembrar sopa de verduras/ Growing Vegetable Soup Say Hola to Spanish Heather Amery, Mike Olley and Stephen Cartwright Ashley Wolff 30. Freight Train/ Tren de carga Donald Crews 31. My House: A Book in Two Langauges/ Mi casa: Un libro en dos lenguas Rapunzel: A bilingual book Rebecca Emberley A Piñata in a Pine Tree: A Latino Twelve Days of Christmas Pat Mora and Magaly Morales 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 28. 32. 33. DK Publishing Karen Katz Dr. Seuss and Carlos Rivera Jose-Luis Orozco and Elisa Kleven Monica Brown and John Parra Pat Mora and Rafael Lopez Martha E. Gonzalez and Innosanto Nagara David Shannon Eric Carle Rebecca Emberley Watty Piper 79 Lois Ehlert Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez Francesc Bofill and Joma Joma 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Title of Book Tortillas and Lullabies/ Tortillas y cancioncitas Opuestos: Mexican Folk Art Opposites in English and Spanish Bizcocho LEGO City: A repara ese camión! The Musicians of Bremen/ Los Musicos De Bremen Fiesta! 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. The Bossy Gallito/ El gallo de bodas My Opposites/ Mis Opuestos Festival of Bones/ El Festival de las calaveras Higher! Higher! Mas Alto! Mas Alto! I´m Too Big/ Soy Demasiado Grande Jorge el curioso Animals/Los Animales My First Book of Spanish Words La Canción del lagarto Margarita y Margaret Hello Night/ Hola Noche Siesta 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. Qué Sorpresa de Cumpleaños! El gran granero rojo 500 palabras nuevas para ti My First 100 Words in Spanish/English First Words/ Primeras palabras Bear at Work/Oso en el trabajo 40. 41. 42. 80 Author Lynn Reiser and Corazones Valientes Cynthia Weill and Martin Santiago Alyssa Satin Capucilli and Pat Schories Michael Anthony Steele Roser Ros and Pep Montserrat Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Lucia M. Gonzalez y Lulu Delacre Revecca Emberley Luis San Vicente Leslie Patricelli Lone Morton and Steve weatherill H.A. Rey Clare Beaton Katy R. Kudela George Shannon and Jose Aruego Lynn Reiser Amy Costales and Mercedes McDonald Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Loretta Lopez Margaret Wise Brown and Felicia Bond Kristin Kest Keith Faulkner and Paul Johnson Inc. Sterling Publising Co. Stella Blackstone and Debbie Harter APPENDIX E Books Facilitating Three Pre-Literacy Skills 81 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Title of Book Mi Primer Libro del Cuerpo/My First Body Board Book Muu. Beee. Así fue! The Cat in the Hat Beginner Book Dictionary in Spanish Clifford y los sonidos de los animales Perros! Perros! Dogs! Dogs! Leo, el Retono Tardio 82 Author DK Publishing Sandra Boynton P.D. Eastman Norman Bridwell Ginger Foglesong Guy and Sharon Glick Robert Kraus and Jose Aruego APPENDIX F Books Facilitating Print Awareness 83 Title of Book ¿Eres Mi Mama? A is for Airplane/A esTheresa para avión Howell ¡Pío Peep!: Traditional Spanish Nursery Rhymes Perro Grande…Perro Pequeño My First Spanish Word Board Book/Mi primer libro de palabras en español Buenas noches, Luna Author P.D. Eastman and Desiree Marquez Viva Frida ¿Dónde está el ombliguito? Biblia para niños, Historias de Jesús The Cat in the Hat: In English and Spanish Marisol McDonald Doesn´t Match: Marisol McDonald no combina Frida Si le das una galletita a un ratón Mi Primer Libro del Cuerpo/My First Body Board Book De Colores and Other Latin American Folksongs for Children My Name is Gabriela/ Me llamo Gabriela Pele, King of Soccer/ Pele, El rey del fútbol Muu. Beee. Así fue! Book Fiesta! A de activista Corduroy (Spanish version) Presiona Aquí My Name is Gabito / Me llamo Gabito Clifford va al doctor My Big Book of Spanish Words Jorge el curioso en el partido de béisbol ¿Dónde está Spot? Froggy se viste Yuyi Morales and Tim O´Meara Karen Katz Sally Lloyd-Jones Dr. Seuss and Carlos Rivera Susan Lowell 36. The Three Little Javelinas / Los Tres Pequeños Jablíes No, David! (Spanish version) Big Pig and Little Pig/ Cerdo y Cerdito The Three Little Pigs/ Los Tres Cerditos Colors/ Colores The Ugly Duckling / El patito Feo My Very First Book of Numbers / Mi primer libro de números My Colors/ Mis Colores 37. Sí le das un panqueque a una cerdita Laura Numeroff and Felicica Bond 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Alma Flor Ada and F. Isabel Campoy P.D. Eastman DK Publishing Margaret Wise Brown and Clement Hurd Monica Brown Ph.D. and Sara Palacios Jonah Winter Laura Joffe Numeroff and Felicia Bond DK Publishing Jose-Luis Orozco and Elisa Kleven Monica Brown and John Parra Monica Brown and Rudy Gutierrez Sandra Boynton Pat Mora and Rafael Lopez Martha E. Gonzalez and Innosanto Nagara Don Freeman Herve Tuliet Monica Brown and Raul Colon Norman Bridwell Rebecca Emberley H.A. Rey Eric Hill and Teresa Mlawer Jonathan London David Shannon David McPhail and Alma Flor Ada Mercé Escardó i Bas and Pere Joan Eric Carle Mercé Escardó i Bas and Francesc Capdevila Eric Carle Rebecca Emberley 84 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. Title of Book The Story of Jesus/ La Historia de Jesus La Pequeña locomotora qu sí pudo Rubia and the three osos Gathering the Sun: An Alphabet in Spanish and English Si le das un panecillo a un alce Olivia First Thousand Words in Spanish Author Patricia A. Pingry and Rebecca McKillip Thornburgh Watty Piper Susan Middleton Elya and Melissa Sweet Almas Flor Ada Laura Numeroff and Felicia Bond Ian Falconer Heather Amery, Mike Olley and Stephen Cartwright Ashley Wolff 52. The Baby Chicks Are Singing /Los pollitos dicen A sembrar sopa de verduras/ Growing Vegetable Soup Say Hola to Spanish The Cat in the Hat Beginner Book Dictionary in Spanish Clifford y los sonidos de los animales Freight Train/ Tren de carga My House: A Book in Two Langauges/ Mi casa: Un libro en dos lenguas Abuela 53. Rapunzel: A bilingual book Francesc Bofill and Joma Joma 54. Pat Mora and Magaly Morales 55. A Piñata in a Pine Tree: A Latino Twelve Days of Christmas Amelia Bedelia (Spanish Edition) 56. Silvestre Y La Piedrecita Magica William Steig 57. Lynn Reiser and Corazones Valientes 59. Tortillas and Lullabies/ Tortillas y cancioncitas Opuestos: Mexican Folk Art Opposites in English and Spanish Bizcocho 60. LEGO City: A repara ese camión! Michael Anthony Steele 61. Roser Ros and Pep Montserrat 62. The Musicians of Bremen/ Los Musicos De Bremen Fiesta! 63. Los tres cerditos y el lobo no tan feroz Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Mark Teague 64. Salta, Ranita, Salta! Robert Kalan and Byron Barton 65. ¿Cómo se curan los dinosaurios? Jane Yolen and Mark Teague 66. 67. El expreso polar The Bossy Gallito/ El gallo de bodas Chris Van Allsburg Lucia M. Gonzalez y Lulu Delacre 68. My Opposites/ Mis Opuestos Revecca Emberley 69. A Gift from Papá Diego/ Un regalo de papá Diego The Runaway Piggy/ El cochinito fugitivo Benjamin Alire Sáenz and Geronimo Garcie 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 58. 70. Lois Ehlert Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez P.D. Eastman Norman Bridwell Donald Crews Rebecca Emberley Arthur Dorros and Sandra Marulanda Dorros Peggy Parish and Yanitzia Canetti Cynthia Weill and Martin Santiago Alyssa Satin Capucilli and Pat Schories James Luna and Laura Lacamara 85 Author Janice Levy and Morella Fuenmayor 74. Title of Book The Spirit of Tio Fernando: A Day of the Dead Story La Verdadera historia de los tres cerditos! Festival of Bones/ El Festival de las calaveras Higher! Higher! Mas Alto! Mas Alto! 75. Tumbleweed Stew/ Sopa de matojos Susan Stevens Crummel and Janet Stevens 76. Gloria E. Anzaldua and Consuelo Mendez 77. Friends from the Other Side/ Amigos del otro lado I´m Too Big/ Soy Demasiado Grande 78. Perros! Perros! Dogs! Dogs! Ginger Foglesong Guy and Sharon Glick 79. 80. H.A. Rey Ladybird 81. 82. Jorge el curioso Jack and the Beanstalk/ Jack y los frijoles magicos Animals/Los Animales Si llevas un raton al cine 83. Say Hola to Spanish at the Circus Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez 84. My First Book of Spanish Words Katy R. Kudela 85. Jorge Ramos and Akemi Gutierrez 86. I´m just Like My Mom/Me parezco tanto a mi mama La Canción del lagarto 87. 88. 89. Strega Nona Margarita y Margaret Hello Night/ Hola Noche Tomie dePaola Lynn Reiser Amy Costales and Mercedes McDonald 90. Madeline (Spanish Edition) Ludwig Bemelmans 91. Siesta 92. 93. Hairs/Pelitos Qué Sorpresa de Cumpleaños! Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Sandra Cisneros Loretta Lopez 94. El gran granero rojo Margaret Wise Brown and Felicia Bond 95. 500 palabras nuevas para ti Kristin Kest 96. Te Quiero Más Laura Duksta and Karen Keesler 97. Patricia J. Murphy 99. La huerta de manzanas/ The Apple Orchard My First 100 Words in Spanish/English Estrellita de oro/Little Gold Star 100. First Words/ Primeras palabras Inc. Sterling Publising Co. 101. Leo, el Retono Tardio Robert Kraus and Jose Aruego 102. Bear at Work/Oso en el trabajo Stella Blackstone and Debbie Harter 71. 72. 73. 98. Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith Luis San Vicente Leslie Patricelli Lone Morton and Steve weatherill Clare Beaton Laura Numeroff and Felicia Bond George Shannon and Jose Aruego Keith Faulkner and Paul Johnson Joe Hayes and Gloria Osuna Perez 86 APPENDIX G Books Facilitating Phonological Awareness 87 Author P.D. Eastman and Desiree Marquez Eric Carle Alma Flor Ada and F. Isabel Campoy 32. Title of Book ¿Eres Mi Mama? La oruga muy hambrienta ¡Pío Peep!: Traditional Spanish Nursery Rhymes Perro Grande…Perro Pequeño Buenas noches, Luna The Cat in the Hat: In English and Spanish Diez deditos de las manos y Diez deditos de los pies/ Ten Little Fingers and Ten Little Toes Si le das una galletita a un ratón Mi Primer Libro del Cuerpo/My First Body Board Book De Colores and Other Latin American Folksongs for Children My Name is Gabriela/ Me llamo Gabriela Muu. Beee. Así fue! Book Fiesta! A de activista Oso pardo, oso pardo, ¿Qeé ves ahí? Froggy se viste The Three Little Javelinas / Los Tres Pequeños Jablíes The Day of the Dead/ El día de los muertos No, David! (Spanish version) The Three Little Pigs/ Los Tres Cerditos The Ugly Duckling / El patito Feo La Pequeña locomotora qu sí pudo Rubia and the three osos Gathering the Sun: An Alphabet in Spanish and English Si le das un panecillo a un alce Salí de paseo Olivia Oso polar, oso polar, ¿qué es ese ruidoo? The Baby Chicks Are Singing /Los pollitos dicen Say Hola to Spanish The Cat in the Hat Beginner Book Dictionary in Spanish Clifford y los sonidos de los animales 33. Rapunzel: A bilingual book Francesc Bofill and Joma Joma 34. A Piñata in a Pine Tree: A Latino Twelve Days of Christmas Tortillas and Lullabies/ Tortillas y cancioncitas Pat Mora and Magaly Morales 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 35. P.D. Eastman Margaret Wise Brown and Clement Hurd Dr. Seuss and Carlos Rivera Mem Fox and Helen Oxenbury Laura Joffe Numeroff and Felicia Bond DK Publishing Jose-Luis Orozco and Elisa Kleven Monica Brown and John Parra Sandra Boynton Pat Mora and Rafael Lopez Martha E. Gonzalez and Innosanto Nagara Bill Martin and Eric Carle Jonathan London Susan Lowell Bob Barner David Shannon Mercé Escardó i Bas and Pere Joan Mercé Escardó i Bas and Francesc Capdevila Watty Piper Susan Middleton Elya and Melissa Sweet Almas Flor Ada Laura Numeroff and Felicia Bond Sue Williams Ian Falconer Bill Martin and Eric Carle Ashley Wolff Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez P.D. Eastman Norman Bridwell Lynn Reiser and Corazones Valientes 88 36. 37. 38. 39. Title of Book Bizcocho LEGO City: A repara ese camión! The Musicians of Bremen/ Los Musicos De Bremen Fiesta! Author Alyssa Satin Capucilli and Pat Schories Michael Anthony Steele Roser Ros and Pep Montserrat Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Jane Yolen and Mark Teague Chris Van Allsburg Lucia M. Gonzalez y Lulu Delacre Luis San Vicente 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. ¿Cómo se curan los dinosaurios? El expreso polar The Bossy Gallito/ El gallo de bodas Festival of Bones/ El Festival de las calaveras El alce que tenia sed Perros! Perros! Dogs! Dogs! Jorge el curioso Say Hola to Spanish at the Circus La Canción del lagarto Strega Nona 50. 51. Hello Night/ Hola Noche Madeline (Spanish Edition) Amy Costales and Mercedes McDonald Ludwig Bemelmans 52. Siesta 53. 54. 55. Qué Sorpresa de Cumpleaños! El gran granero rojo Te Quiero Más Ginger Foglesong Guy and Rene King Moreno Loretta Lopez Margaret Wise Brown and Felicia Bond Laura Duksta and Karen Keesler 56. 57. Leo, el Retono Tardio Bear at Work/Oso en el trabajo Robert Kraus and Jose Aruego Stella Blackstone and Debbie Harter 40. 41. 42. 43. David Orme Ginger Foglesong Guy and Sharon Glick H.A. Rey Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez George Shannon and Jose Aruego Tomie dePaola 89 APPENDIX H Books Facilitating Word Knowledge 90 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Title of Book A is for Airplane/A es para avión La oruga muy hambrienta My First Spanish Word Board Book/Mi primer libro de palabras en español ¿Dónde está el ombliguito? Mi Primer Libro del Cuerpo/My First Body Board Book Muu. Beee. Así fue! A de activista Oso pardo, oso pardo, ¿Qeé ves ahí? My Big Book of Spanish Words Colors/ Colores My Very First Book of Shapes/ Mi primer libro de figuras My Very First Book of Numbers / Mi primer libro de números My Colors/ Mis Colores Salí de paseo My clothes/ Mi ropa First Thousand Words in Spanish A sembrar sopa de verduras/ Growing Vegetable Soup My Animals/ Mis Animales Say Hola to Spanish The Cat in the Hat Beginner Book Dictionary in Spanish Clifford y los sonidos de los animales Te amo, sol/ Te amo luna Freight Train/ Tren de carga My House: A Book in Two Langauges/ Mi casa: Un libro en dos lenguas My Numbers/Mis Numeros Opuestos: Mexican Folk Art Opposites in English and Spanish Bibliographic Reference Theresa Howell Eric Carle DK Publishing Karen Katz DK Publishing Sandra Boynton Martha E. Gonzalez and Innosanto Nagara Bill Martin and Eric Carle Rebecca Emberley Eric Carle Eric Carle Eric Carle Rebecca Emberley Sue Williams Rebecca Emberley Heather Amery, Mike Olley and Stephen Cartwright Lois Ehlert Rebecca Emberley Susan Middleton Elya and Loretta Lopez P.D. Eastman Norman Bridwell Karen Pandell and Tomie dePaola Donald Crews Rebecca Emberley Rebecca Emberley Cynthia Weill and Martin Santiago 27. 28. My Opposites/ Mis Opuestos Mi Amor Por Ti/ My Love for You Revecca Emberley Susan L. Roth 29. Higher! Higher! Mas Alto! Mas Alto! Leslie Patricelli 30. Maisy´s Animals/ Los animales de maisy Lucy Cousins 31. Mis cinco sentidos Aliki 32. I´m Too Big/ Soy Demasiado Grande Lone Morton and Steve weatherill 33. Perros! Perros! Dogs! Dogs! Ginger Foglesong Guy and Sharon Glick 34. El verano Sian Smith and Rebecca Rissman 91 35. My First Bilingual Book: Opposites Milet Publishing 36. Animals/Los Animales Clare Beaton 37. My First Book of Spanish Words Katy R. Kudela 38. Family/ La familia Clare Beaton 39. Margarita y Margaret Lynn Reiser 40. Transportation/ El transporte Clare Beaton 41. First Hundred Words in Spanish Heather Amery and Stephen Cartwright 42. 500 palabras nuevas para ti Kristin Kest 43. My First 100 Words in Spanish/English Keith Faulkner and Paul Johnson 44. First Words/ Primeras palabras Inc. Sterling Publising Co. 45. Leo, el Retono Tardio Robert Kraus and Jose Aruego 46. Bear at Work/Oso en el trabajo Stella Blackstone and Debbie Harter 47. Mis Cinco Sentidos Aliki 92 REFERENCES ¡A construir la ciudad! (2011). New York: Scholastic. Abdurrahman, Jamil, A., Anwar, S., & Sultana, R. (2012). Association Between Quality Teaching and Learning Outcomes. Academic Research International, 2 (1), 664671). Ada, A. (2003). Pío peep!: Traditional Spanish nursery rhymes. New York: HarperCollins. Ada, A., & Silva, S. (1997). Gathering the Sun: An A B C in Spanish and English. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books. Ada, A., & Zubizarreta, R. (1997). The lizard and the sun = la lagartija y el sol : A folktale in English and Spanish. New York: Doubleday Book for Young Readers. Adams, M. (1990). Beginning to Read: thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A, G., & Castillo, C. (1993). Friends from the other side = Amigos del otro lado. San Francisco: Children's Book Press. Aliki (2000). Mis Cinco Sentidos, Rayo. Allsburg, C. (1992). El Expreso Polar: Chris Van Allsburg. (4a ed.). Caracas: Ediciones Ekare-Banco del Libro. Amery, H. (1979). The first thousand words in Spanish: With easy pronunciation guide. London: Usborne Pub. Amery, H., & Cartwright, S. (2002). First hundred words in Spanish. London, England: Usborne Publishers. 93 Barella, L. (2012). Jack y los frijoles mágicos = Jack and the beanstalk. London: Ladybird Books. Barner, B., & Mlawer, T. (2010). The Day of the Dead = El Día de los Muertos. New York: Holiday House. Barton, A.C., & Tan, E. (2010). Funds of knowledge and discourses and hybrid space. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46 (1), 50-73. Bas, M. (2004). The ugly duckling = El patito feo. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Bas, M., & Joan, P. (2006). The three little pigs = Los tres cerditos. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Beaton, C. (1997). Animals - Los animales: English/Spanish. S.l.: Barron's. Beaton, C. (1994). Family -La familia. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Services. Beaton, C. (2002). Transportation = El transporte. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's. Bemelmans, L., & Grosman, E. (1993). Madeline (Ed.en Espanol. ed.). New York, N.Y.: Scholastic. Blackstone, S., & Harter, D. (2011). Oso en el trabajo. Cambridge, MA: Barefoot Books. Bofill, F. (2006). Rapunzel. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Bol, L., & Berry, R., (2005). Secondary mathematics teachers' perceptions of the achievement gap. The High School Journal, 88(4), 32-45. Bowey, J. A., Tunmer, W. E. and Pratt, C. (1984). Development of children’s understanding of the metalinguistic term “word”. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76, 500-12 Boynton, S., & Ziegler, A. (2003). Muu. Beee. Asi fue! (1a. ed.). New York, N.Y.: Simon 94 & Schuster Libros para Niños. Bridwell, N. (2011). Clifford va al doctor. New York: Scholastic. Bridwell, N., & Bridwell, N. (2003). Clifford y los sonidos de los animales = Clifford's animal sounds. New York, NY: Scholastic. Brown, M., & Bond, F. (2003). El gran granero rojo. New York: HarperCollins. Brown, M., & Colon, R. (2007). My name is Gabito = me llamo Gabito: The life of Gabriel Garcia Marquez = la vida de Gabriel Garcial Marques. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Luna Rising. Brown, M., & Gutierrez, R. (2009). Pelé, king of soccer = Pelé, el rey del fútbol. New York: Rayo. Brown, M., & Hurd, C. (1995). Buenas noches, Luna. New York, NY: Harper Arco Iris. Brown, M., & Palacios, S. (2011). Marisol McDonald doesn't match. San Francisco: Children's Book Press. Brown, M., & Parra, J. (2005). My name is Gabriela: The life of Gabriela Mistral = Me llamo Gabriela : La vida de Gabriela Mistral. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Luna Rising. Brukes-Gunn, J., & Markman-Pithers L. (2005). The Contribution of Parenting to Ethnic and Racial Gaps in School Readiness. Journal Issue: School Readiness: Closing Racial and Ethnic Gaps 15 (1), 139-168. Capucilli, A., & Schories, P. (2001). Bizcocho. New York: HarperCollins /Rayo. Carle, E. (2008). Colors = Colores: My very first bilingual book in English and Spanish. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. Carle, E. (2013). My very first book of numbers = Mi primer libro de números. New York: Penguin Young Readers Group. 95 Carle, E. (2013). My very first book of shapes = Mi primer libro de figuras: Board book. New York: Philomel Books. Carle, E. (2011). The very hungry caterpillar = La oruga muy hambrienta (Bilingual ed.). New York: Philomel Books. Chaney, C. (1994). Language development, metalinguistic awareness, and emergent literacy skills of 3-year-old children in relation to social class. Applied Psycholinguistics 15, 371-94. The Chicago Tribune (2009). Latino students: Latinos in city schools suffer from crowding, group says” Recovered from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/200904-21/news/0904200704_1_latino-students-chicago-schools-school-overcrowding Chomsky, C. (1972). Stages in language development and reading exposure. Harvard Educational Review, 42, 1-34. Cisneros, S., & Ez, T. (1997). Hairs = Pelitos. New York: Dragonfly Books. Clark, R. (2002, December). Building student achievement: In-school and out-of-school factors. [Electronic version]. North Central Regional Laboratory Educational Library Policy Issues, 13, 1-9. Contreras, F., & Stritikus, T. (2008). Understanding opportunities to learn for Latino students in Washington. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Costales, A., & McDonald, M. (2007). Hello night. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Luna Rising. Cousins, L. (2009). Maisy's animals = Los animales de Maisy. Somerville, Mass.: Candlewick Press. Crews, D. (2003). Freight train = Tren de carga (Bilingual ed.). New York: HarperCollins Children's Books. 96 Crummel, S., & Stevens, J. (2009). Tumbleweed stew. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Cwiek, S. (2011, Oct. 24). “Union survey says overcrowding is a continuing problem in Detroit schools.” Michigan Radio. michiganradio.org. 25 Feb. 2015 Data Driven Detroit (2010). State of the Detroit Child” (2010). The Skillman Foundation Recovered from http://datadrivendetroit.org/web_ftp/Project_Docs/DETKidsDrft_FINAL.pdf DePaola, T. (1975). Strega Nona: An old tale. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Dickinson, D.K., McCabe, A., Anastasopoulos, L., Peisner-Feinberg, E., & Spoe, M.D. (2003). The comprehensive language approach to early literacy: The interrelationships among vocabulary, phonological sensitivity, and print knowledge among preschool-aged children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95 (3), 465-481. Dorros, A., & Kleven, E. (1991). Abuela. New York: Dutton Children's Books. Driscoll, L., & Rey, H. (2011). Curious George at the baseball game Jorge el curioso en el partido de beisbol. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Duksta, L., & Keesler, K. (2013). Te quiero más. Sourcebooks Jabberwocky; Brdbk edition. Dworin J., E. (2006). The Family Stories Project: Using Funds of Knowledge for Writing. The Reading Teacher, 59 (6), 510–520. Dubner, S. J. (2008). How can the achievement gap be closed? A freakonomics quorum. Eastman, P. (1966). The cat in the hat beginner book dictionary in Spanish. New York: Beginner Books. 97 Eastman, P. (1982). Perro grande...perro pequeno=Big dog...little dog. New York: Random House. Eastman, P., & Marquez, D. (2001). Eres mi mamá? New York: Random House. Echevarria, Jana, MaryEllen Vogt, and Deborah J. Short. Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2010. Print. Ehlert, L., & Ada, A. (1996). A sembrar sopa de verduras. San Diego, Calif.: Red Wagon Books. Elya, S., & Lopez, L. (1996). Say hola to Spanish. New York: Lee & Low Books. Elya, S., & Lopez, L. (2000). Say hola to Spanish at the circus. New York: Lee & Low Books. Elya, S., & Sweet, M. (2010). Rubia and the three osos. New York: Disney/Hyperion Books. Emberley, R. (2002). My animals = Mis animales. Boston: Little, Brown. Emberley, R. (2008). My big book of Spanish words. New York: LB Kids/Little, Brown and Co. Emberley, R. (2002). My clothes = Mi ropa. Boston: Little, Brown and. Emberley, R. (2000). My colors = Mis colores. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. Emberley, R. (1990). My house: A book in two languages = Mi casa : Un libro en dos lenguas. Boston: Little, Brown. Emberley, R. (2000). My numbers : Mis numeros. New York: Hachette Book Group. Emberley, R. (2000). My opposites = Mis opuestos. Boston: Little, Brown. “Endangered Indian Languages.” National Education Association. Focus on American Indians/Alaska Natives. Sept. 2006. 98 Enz, B., & Garcia, G. (1998). A gift from papá Diego = Un regalo de papá Diego. El Paso, TX: Cinco Puntos Press. Esteban-Guitart M., & Moll L.C., (2014). Lived experience, funds of identity and education. Culture and Psychology, 20 (1) 70-81. Falconer, I., & Falconer, I. (2000). Olivia. Atheneum Books for Young Readers. Faulkner, K. (1998). My First 100 Words in Spanish/English. Libros Para Ninos; Foreign Language edition. Fears, D. (2003). Debate over Hispanic vs. Latino heats up. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Fitzpatrick, L. & Golab, A. (2013, March 6). “Black students most likely to have their school on CPS closure list.” Chicago Sun-Times. First words = Primeras palabras. (2012). New York: Sterling Children's Books. Flores, A. (2007). Examining disparity in mathematics education: Achievement gap or opportunity gap? The High School Journal, 91(1), 29-42. Fox, M., & Oxenbury, H. (2012). Diez deditos de las manos y diez deditos de los pies = Ten little fingers and ten little toes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Freeman, D. (1968). Corduroy (Spanish version). New York: Viking Press. Gándara, P. (2005). “Fragile Futures: Risk and Vulnerability Among Latino High Achievers.” Educational Testing Service. Gandara, P., & Contreras, F. (2009). The Latino Education Crisis: The Consequences of Failed Social Policies. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Gandara, P. (2010). The Latino Education Crisis. Educational Leadership, 67 (5), 24. Garza, R., (2009), Latino and White students' perceptions. Urban Education, 44, 297321. 99 Geisel, T. (1967). The Cat in the Hat in English and Spanish. New York: Random House. Gibson, G., & Glick, S. (2006). Perros! Perros! = Dogs! Dogs! New York, .N.Y.: Greenwillow Books. Gibson, G., & Moreno, R. (1996). Fiesta! New York: Greenwillow Books. Gibson, G., & Moreno, R. (2005). Siesta. New York: Greenwillow Books. Gilroy, M. (2014). Latino Studies Programs Gaining in Popularity. The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education , Vol. 24, No. 11 , March 1, 2014 Gonzalez, M., & Nagara, I. (n.d.). A de activista (Triangle Square Books for Young Readers ed.). Hayes, J., & Perez, G. (2000). A Cinderella Cuento Estrellita de Oro/Little Gold Star. El Paso, TX: Cinco Puntos Press. Hel-Hebaish, S.M., (2012). The Correlation between General Self- Confidence and Academic Achievement in the Oral Presentation Course. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2 (1) 60-65. Hemphill, F.C., & Vanneman, A. (2011). “Achievement Gaps: How Hispanic and White Students in Public Schools Perform in Mathematics and Reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress” (NCES 2011-459). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Hiebert, E. H. (1981). Developmental patterns and interrelationships of preschool children's print awareness. Reading Research Quarterly, 16, 236-260. Hill, E. (1996). Dónde está Spot? New York: Puffin Books. Howell, T., & Brooks, D. (2003). A is for airplane = A es para avión. Flagstaff, AZ.: 100 Rising Moon. IBM (2010). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 19.0.0). [Computer software], Chicago, IL: SPSS Jensen, M., & Rosenfeld, L. (1974). Influence of mode of presentation, ethnicity, and social class on teachers' evaluations of students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 540-547. Jespesn, C., Rivkin, S. (2009). Class Size Reduction and Student Achievement: The Potential Tradeoff between Teacher Quality and Class Size. The Journal of Human Resources, 44 (1), 223. Jones, S. (2012). Historias biblicas de Jesús: Cada historia susurra su nombre para niños. Miami, Fla.: Editorial Vida. Justice, L. M., & Ezell, H. K. (2001). Written language awareness in preschool children from low-income households: A descriptive analysis. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 22, 123–134. Kalan, R. (1996). Salta, ranita, salta! Pine Plains, N.Y.: Live Oak Media. Katz, K. (2002). Donde esta el ombliguito. New York: Simon & Schuster. Kest, K. (2005). 500 palabras nuevas para ti. New York, NY: Random House. Kraus, R., & Aruego, J. (1998). Leo, el retoño tardío. New York, NY: Lectorum Publications. Kudela, K. (2009). My First Book of Spanish Words. Capstone Press; Bilingual edition. Levy, J., & Fuenmayor, M. (1995). The spirit of Tío Fernando: A Day of the Dead story. Morton Grove, Ill.: A. Whitman. Lez, L., & Delacre, L. (2009). The bossy gallito El gallo de bodas. New York}: Lorito 101 Books. London, J., & Remkiewicz, F. (1997). Froggy se viste. Nueva York: Penguin Ediciones. Lopez, L. (1997). Qué sorpresa de cumpleaños! New York: Lee & Low Books. Lowell, S., & Harris, J. (1996). Los tres pequeños jabalíes. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Pub. Luna, J., & Mara, L. (2010). The runaway piggy=El Cochinito Fugitivo. Houston, Tex.: Piñata Books. Lundberg, I., Frost, J., & Petersen, O. (1988). Effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 263-284. Maclay, K. (2012, Dec. 11). “Mexican American Toddlers Lag in Preliteracy Skills, But Not in Their Social Skills, New Study Shows”. Targeted News Service. Washington, D.C. Madrid, E. M. (2011). The Latino Achievement Gap. Multicultural Education, 18 (3), 712. Martin, B., & Carle, E. (1998). Oso pardo, oso pardo, qué ves ahí? New York: Holt. Martin, B., & Carle, E. (2000). Oso polar, oso polar, qué es ese ruido? New York: Holt. Mason, I. (1980). When do children begin to read: An exploration of four year old children's letter and word reading competencies. Reading Research Quarterly, 15, 203-227. McGlynn, A. P. (2011.) Thirty-Five Year Look Back on the Latino/a Quest for Equity in Education. The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 22 (5), 8-9. McKown, C., & Weinstein, R. S. (2008, June). Teacher Expectations, Classroom Context, and the Achievement Gap. Journal of School Psychology, v46 n3 p235102 261. McPhail, D. (2009). Big Pig and Little Pig = Cerdo y Cerdito. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Mesa, C. Z. (2008). Influencia de la escritura alfabética en la segmentación de sonidos vocálicos y consonánticos. Lectura Y Vida, 29 (1), 10-21. Mora, P., & Morales, M. (2009). A piñata in a pine tree: A Latino twelve days of Christmas. Boston: Clarion Books. Mora, P., & Pez, R. (2009). Book fiesta!: Celebrate Children's Day/book day = Celebremos el día de los niños/el día de los libros. New York, NY: Rayo. Morales, Y., & Meara, T. (n.d.). Viva Frida. Morton, L., & McCourt, E. (1994). I'm too big = Soy demasiado grande. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's. Mulligan, G. M., McCarroll, J. C., Flanagan, K.D., Potter, D. (2014). Findings From the First-Grade Rounds of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K:2. National Center for Education Statistics 2015-109. Murnane, R., Sawhill, I., & Snow, C. (2012). Literacy Challenges for the Twenty-First Century: Introducing the Issue. The future of Children, 22 (2), 3-15. Murphy, P. (2008). La huerta de manzanas. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press. My First Bilingual Book-Opposites (English-Spanish). (2012). Chicago: Milet Publishing. My first Spanish body board book = Mi primer libro del cuerpo. (2005). London: Dorling Kindersley. The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education (2005). Income of U.S. 103 Workforce Projected to Decline if Education Doesn’t Improve. Policy Alert. Recovered from http://www.highereducation.org/reports/pa_decline/ National Education Association (2008). Beyond Black and White: API Students and School Desegregation. Focus on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Recovered from http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/HE/mf_apifocus08.pdf National Education Association (2008). News We Lose: Black Student Gains. Recovered from: http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/HE/mf_blackfocus08.pdf National Education Association (2007). Special Education and English Language Learners. Focus on Hispanics. Recovered from http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/HE/mf_hispanicfocus07.pdf National Education Association (n.d.). Students Affected by Achievement Gaps. Recovered from http://www.nea.org/home/20380.htm NELP; The National Early Literacy Panel, (2008). Developing Early Literacy. National Institute for Literacy. Noe, S., PhD, Spencer, T. D., PhD, Kruse, L. Med, Goldstein, H., PhD (2014). Effects of a Tier 3 Phonological Awareness Intervention on Preschoolers’ Emergent Literacy. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 34 (1), 27-39. Numeroff, L., & Bond, F. (1995). Si le das una galletita a un raton. U.S.A.: HarperCollins. Numeroff, L., & Bond, F. (1995). Si le das un panecillo a un alce. New York: Laura Geringer Book. Numeroff, L., & Bond, F. (1999). Si le das un panqueque a una cerdita. New York: Harper Arco Iris. 104 Numeroff, L., & Bond, F. (1999). Si le das un panqueque a una cerdita. New York: Harper Arco Iris. Numeroff, L., & Bond, F. (2001). Si llevas un raton al cine. S.l.: Rayo. Oder, N. (2008). How To Increase Latino PL Use. Library Journal, 133 (16). Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. No Child Left Behind Act. Recovered from https://www.k12.wa.us/esea/NCLB.aspx. Orme, D. (2005). El alce que tenía sed, Brighter Child. Orozco, J. L., & Kleven, E. (1994). De colores and other Latin-American folk songs for children. New York: Dutton Children's Books. Pandell, K., & DePaola, T. (2003). Te amo, sol, te amo, luna = I love you sun, I love you moon. New York: G.P. Putnam's. Pascal, L., Trudeau, N., Sutton, A. (2011). Enhancing vocabulary, print awareness and phonological awareness through shared storybook reading with low-income preschoolers. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 11 (4), 453-479. Parish, P., & Siebel, F. (1999). Amelia Bedelia (Spanish Version). New York: Scholastic. Patricelli, L. (2011). Higher! Higher! = ¡Más alto! ¡Más alto! Somerville, Mass.: Candlewick Press. PewResearchCenter. “Hispanic Student Enrollments Reach New Highs in 2011.” pewhispanic.org. 20 Aug. 2012. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Piasta et al. (2012). Increasing Young Children’s Contact With Print During Shared Reading: Longitudinal Effects on Literacy Achievement. Child Development, 83 (3), 810-820. Pingry, P., & Thornburgh, R. (2002). The story of Jesus = La hístoría de Jesús. 105 Nashville, Tenn.: Ideals Children's Books. Piper, W. (1995). Pequeña locomotora que sí pudo. New York: Platt & Munk. Portilla, C., & Teberosky, A. (2010). Aprender vocabulario por medio de la producción de textos y la generación de tablas de doble entrada. Lectura Y Vida, 31(1), 5067. Reiser, L. (1993). Margaret and Margarita, Margarita y Margaret. New York: Greenwillow Books. Reiser, L., & Hart, R. (1998). Tortillas and lullabies, tortillas y cancioncitas. New York: Greenwillow Books. “Read to Me.” Idaho Commision for Libraries. idaho.gov/landing/read-to-me Rey, H. (2007). Curious George = Jorge el curioso. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rivera, M, PhD. (2010). Parents are Key to Closing the Achievement Gap. The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education, 20 (22), 40. Roelofs, T. (2010). As West Michigan's Hispanic population rises, so do opportunities. Crains Detroit Business. Recovered from http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20141109/NEWS/311099971/as-westmichigans-hispanic-population-rises-so-do-opportunities Ramos, J., & Gutierrez, A. (2008). I'm just like my mom = Me parezco tanto a mi mamá. I'm just like my dad = Me parezco tanto a mi papá. New York: Rayo. Ros, R., & Montserrat, P. (2005). The musicians of Bremen = Los músicos de Bremen. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Roth, S. (2003). Mi amor por ti = My love for you. New York, N.Y.: Dial Books for Young Readers. 106 Schon, I. (2008). Recomendaciones para la selección de literatura para niños y adolescentes hispanoamericano e hispanohablantes en las Estados Unidos. Lectura y Vida, 29 (1), 64-67. Scieszka, J. (1991). La Verdadera historia de los tres cerditos!=The True story of the three little pigs. NY: Puffin Books. Shannon, D. (1998). No, David! (Spanish Version) New York: Blue Sky Press. Shannon, G., & Aruego, J. (1994). La cancion del lagarto (Spanish-language ed.). New York: Greenwillow Books. Smith, S., & Rissman, R. (2009). El Verano (Las Estaciones). Heinemann. Steele, M., & Nguez, M. (2013). ¡A reparar ese camión! New York: Scholastic. Steig, W. (1990). Silvestre y la piedrecita mágica. New York: Lectorum Publications. Taylor, L. K., Bernhard J. K., Garg S., & Cummins J., (2008). Affirming plural belonging: Building on students’ family-based cultural and linguistic capital through multiliteracies pedagogy. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 8(3), 269294. Teague, M., & Lombana, J. (2013). Los tres cerditos y el lobo no tan feroz. New York, N.Y.: Scholastic. Teale, W. H., & Sulzby, E. (1987). Literacy acquisition in early childhood: The roles of access and mediation in storybook reading. In D. A. Wagner (Ed.), The future of literacy in a changing world (pp. 111-130). New York: Pergamon Press. Trujillo, O., Ph.D., Alston, D. A. Ph.D. (2006). “A Report on the Status of American Indians and Alaska Natives in Education: Historical Legacy to Cultural 107 Empowerment.” American Indian/Alaska Natives. National Education Association, September, 2006. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Tullet, H., & Perez, P. (2012). Presiona aqui (1a. ed.). San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. US Census Bureau (2013). Hispanic Heritage Month 2014. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-for-features/2014/cb14-ff22.html. Vázquez-Montilla, E. (2009). La importancia de los cuentos y narrativas en el proceso de alfabetización en la educación inicial. Lectura yVida, 30 (3), 68-70. Verdugo, R. (2007). “A Report on the Status of Hispanics in Education: Overcoming a history of Neglect.” National Education Association. Human and Civil Rights. Washington, DC. Vicente, L. (2002). The festival of bones = El festival de las calaveras : The little-bitty book for the day of the dead. El Paso, Tex.: Cinco Puntos Press. Wahala, John. “Unmanageable and Unsustainable.” Rev. of The Latino Education Crisis: The Consequences of Failed Social Policies, by Patricia Gándara and Frances Contreras. Center For Immigration Studies. cis.org. April, 2010. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. Weill, C., & Santiago, Q. (2009). Opuestos: Mexican folk art opposites in English and Spanish. El Paso, TX: Cinco Puntos Press. Weinstein, R., Marshall, H., Sharp, L., & Botkin, M. (1987). Pygmalion and the student: Age and classroom differences in children's awareness of teacher expectations. Child Development, 58, 1079-1093. 108 West, J., Denton, K., and Germino-Hausken, E. (2000). “Executive Summary, America's Kindergartners: Findings From the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Class of 1998-99: Fall 1998.” National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. Wilkes, A. (2002). My first Spanish word board book = Mi primer libro de palabras en español. New York: DK Pub. Williams, S., & Vivas, J. (2006). Salí de paseo = I went walking. Orlando: Harcourt. Winter, J., & Juan, A. (2002). Frida. New York: Arthur A. Levine Books. Wolff, A. (2005). The Baby Chicks Are Singing: Los Pollitos Dicen. Boston: Megan Tingley Books. Yolen, J., & Teague, M. (2003). Cómo se curan los dinosaurios? New York: Scholastic. Zeece, P. D., Wallace, B. M. (2009). Books and Good Stuff: A Strategy for Building School to Home Literacy Connections. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37 (1), 35-42. Zinth, K. (2010, April). “Class Size Policies.” Education Commision of the States. ecs.org. Web. 25 Feb. 2015. 109
© Copyright 2025 Paperzz