Specification for
Arctic topographic mapping
1:50 000
Edition 1.0
June 2015
Table of contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................... 4
Content .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Editors............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Technical requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Quality ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Editors addresses........................................................................................................................................... 8
Object catalogue................................................................................................................................................ 9
Object class TRAFFIC .................................................................................................................................... 11
ROAD ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
PATH ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
SNOW TRAIL ............................................................................................................................................ 13
TUNNEL .................................................................................................................................................... 15
RUNWAY .................................................................................................................................................. 16
HELIPORT ................................................................................................................................................. 17
HELISTOP ................................................................................................................................................. 18
Object class BUILDING ................................................................................................................................. 19
BUILDING ................................................................................................................................................. 19
HUT .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
GREENHOUSE .......................................................................................................................................... 21
TANK/SILO ............................................................................................................................................... 22
ANCIENT MONUMENT............................................................................................................................. 23
BUILT-UP AREA ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Object class HYDROGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................ 25
COAST LINE .............................................................................................................................................. 25
LAKE ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
RIVER ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
RIVER BANK ............................................................................................................................................. 28
DITCH ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
SPRING ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
HARBOUR................................................................................................................................................. 31
JETTY ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
SKERRY ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Object class LAND COVER ............................................................................................................................ 34
ICE ............................................................................................................................................................ 34
NUNATAK ................................................................................................................................................. 35
RIVER DELTA ............................................................................................................................................ 36
FOREST..................................................................................................................................................... 37
WETLAND................................................................................................................................................. 38
SCRUB VEGETATION ................................................................................................................................ 39
BOULDER FIELD........................................................................................................................................ 40
ERRATIC BLOCK ........................................................................................................................................ 41
Object class LAND USE................................................................................................................................. 42
AGRICULTURE .......................................................................................................................................... 42
CEMETERY................................................................................................................................................ 43
MINING .................................................................................................................................................... 44
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 2
DUMPING SITE ......................................................................................................................................... 45
EMBANKMENT......................................................................................................................................... 46
DIKE.......................................................................................................................................................... 47
FENCE....................................................................................................................................................... 48
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST.............................................................................................................................. 49
POWER LINE............................................................................................................................................. 50
PIPELINE ................................................................................................................................................... 51
TELEMAST ................................................................................................................................................ 52
SKI LIFT ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
CAIRN ....................................................................................................................................................... 54
SEAMARK ................................................................................................................................................. 55
TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION .................................................................................................................. 56
Object class ADMINISTRATIVE ..................................................................................................................... 57
PLACE NAME ............................................................................................................................................ 57
NATURE RESERVE .................................................................................................................................... 60
MUNICIPALITY BORDER ........................................................................................................................... 61
BORDER ................................................................................................................................................... 62
POINT OF INTEREST ................................................................................................................................. 63
Object class DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL ........................................................................................................ 64
GRID POINT .............................................................................................................................................. 64
SPOT ELEVATION ..................................................................................................................................... 65
CONTOUR LINE ........................................................................................................................................ 66
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 3
Preface
This is the first written specification that describes and specifies the topographic mapping of Greenland in
its entirety.
The scope of this specification is to describe and specify the mapping procedures for a topographic base
map of the Arctic landareas, at a reference scale of 1:50 000.
This document outlines specifically the mapping of Greenland, but it is generic and is meant to be used for
mapping Arctic landareas in general.
This specification for Arctic topographic mapping is meant to be used







For establishing a nationwide geospatial topographic database covering Greenland
For production of a nationwide base map at a reference scale of 1:50 000
For production of derived and thematic maps on smaller scales
As map base for referencedata
As map base for monitoring, surveillance, analyses, planning and administration
As map base for GIS
As map base for services on the internet e.g. webGIS and print on demand
Content
The specification is a technical guideline describing the map features/topographic objects and the topographic mapping requirements for mapping Arctic landareas. The specification is meant to be used during
the mapping proces and the quality assurance procedures.
The specification determines
 The technical requirements
 The object catalogue, including feature content
 The topographic object definitions and their mapping representation
 Examples of data sources for data capture
The specification describes the data sources for each feature, but does not describe production methods or
production tools.
The topographic objects can be captured from various mapping sources, such as satellite images, aerial
photos (from airplane or drone/UAV), land surveys, crowdsourcing, administrative revisions and others.
Geodata, covering urban areas such as towns and settlements in Greenland, are not captured based on this
specification. Geodata for urban areas will be based on selected and generalized data derived from Asiaq´s
technical base maps at a scale of 1:1 000.
Editors
The specification is made by Asiaq, Greenland Survey in cooperation with Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish
Geodata Agency and GEUS, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 4
Technical requirements
Datum, projection, coordinates and height system
For mapping Greenland, Geodetic reference is GR96 and local UTM zones are used for horizontal registration.
Quality
All captured data must meet the requirements of this specification, regarding completeness and geometric,
thematic and logical accuracy.
Completeness is defined as the percentage of the captured objects in relation to those which can be identified in the aerial photos or satellite images, and which meets the requirements for registration. For in situ
capturing, it is in relation to objects detected in the landscape.
Completeness for ROAD, BUILDING and COAST LINE objects: 100 %.
Completeness for any other objects: >=97 %.
The geometric accuracy is defined as the coordinate accuracy in the horizontal and vertical planes at the
individual points. The accuracy is determined from the deviation between the actual position of the object
in the terrain, and the captured position (the camber). The horizontal and vertical accuracy must be 3 meters or better.
The thematic accuracy is defined as whether objects are captured with the correct object types, attributes
and attribute values. This also includes correct spelling.
The thematic accuracy for all objects: >=99 %.
The logical accuracy is defined as whether or not data fulfils the requirements for topology and structure as
listed below.
Subject
Geometry type
Snapping
Identical objects
Polygons
Network topology
Minimum size
Spline and circle
Zero vector
Vertical vector
Requirement
Correct geometry type (point, line or polygon).
Missing or wrong links must not occur.
Geometrically identical objects with the same object type
and same attribute values must not occur.
All polygons must be closed polygons with no crossings,
bisections or overlaps, and with correct cut-out.
Line objects must be joined and separated correctly.
All objects must be captured with the correct minimum
size.
Splines, circles and circular arcs must not occur. All objects
must be points or composed of vectors.
Zero vectors must not occur. A zero vector is a vector with
an identical set of coordinates (3D) at both ends. The vector has no extent.
Vertical vectors must not occur. A vertical vector is a vec-
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Accuracy in %
100 %
>=97 %
>=99 %
100 %.
ROAD and COAST
LINE 100 %
Any other objects
>=99 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
Page 5
Backloop and spike
Metadata
tor with identical plan coordinates (2D) at both ends but
with different heights.
Backloops or spikes must not occur in line or polygon objects. A backloop or spike is where the line doubles back
on itself before continuing. A return angle of less than 30o
is an error.
Metadata must be correct and complete.
100 %
100 %
Set of coordinates
All points in an object must contain a 3D set of coordinates; easting (x), northing (y) and height (z) in meters.
Object sizes
The stated minimum sizes are set as the main rule. Deviations are described in the respective object paragraphs. If an object in open land is estimated to have a topographic/administrative significance or value for
the map representation, the object can be captured, even though the object is below the minimum size.
Snap principles
Objects are snapped where the capturing of the object is within the registration accuracy.
As a general rule, all objects are snapped in 3D. Description of 2D snapping is described in the respective
object paragraphs.
Where data from open land meets Asiaq´s technical base map covering urban areas such as towns and settlements, all objects must be snapped according to this specification.
Point types
The objects may contain four different types of points: End point, common point, intermediate point and
ramification point.
An end point is the start or end set of coordinates of an object. An object must always be registered from
end point to end point.
A common point is a set of coordinates which are shared by two or more objects. If the objects lie at the
same height, it is called a 3D common point. If the objects lie at different heights, it is called a 2D common
point. A point can be a common point between two or more objects, as well as an end point for one or
more of those objects.
An intermediate point in an object is neither an end point nor a common point.
A ramification point in an object is an end point in which three or more objects with the same object type
meet. This point type only occurs in object types in a network.
Types of geometry
The geometry of an object must consist of one of the following three geometry types: Point, line or polygon.
A point must only consist of one single set of coordinates.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 6
A line must consist of one or more connected vectors. A line cannot cross or bisect itself.
A polygon must consist of three or more vectors. The starting point must be identical with the last vector's
last set of coordinates (end point). The edge of a polygon object cannot cross or bisect itself or another
polygon. A polygon must have an area of > 0.
Common/shared geometry
Where two or more object types in the terrain follows each other, the objects must be captured with
shared geometry.
Cut out
A polygon consists of one outer line and can have either none or up to several inner limitations. Such inner
limitations are called cut outs. A cut out is an integrated part of the polygon and must have the same object
type as the outer limitation.
When a classified polygon object lies inside another polygon object as an enclave, e. g. a nunatak inside a
glacier, there must be shared geometry between the objects.
Unclassified open land inside a classified area must be captured as a cut out area. An example of an unclassified cut out area is a glade or clearing in a forest. The minimum size for an unclassified cut out area is 2
500 m2.
Network
The objects in a network must always be broken at a ramification point, changes in attributes, and when
meeting with an object of another type.
Attributes
An attribute is a property or characteristic of an object and its utilization or status, defined by a name and a
value.
If a topographic object has an attribute, it is stated for each object.
A topographic object planned to be constructed or a topographic object under construction is given the
attributes; planned or under construction.
Undefinable objects
Due to the registration methods or other circumstances, capturing objects will sometimes not be possible,
where topographic objects in aerial photos shade other objects, leading to an uncertain registration beyond
the accuracy of the registration method. The extent of these objects must be estimated, and given the attribute code UDF.
Undefined Z-coordinates are given a value of -999.00 metres. Points with undefined Z can be designated for
future revisions.
Data sources
The topographic objects can be captured from various mapping sources.
In this specification the following data sources are used:
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 7
Satellite images, land surveys, crowdsourcing, administrative register and gazetteer.
It is stated for each feature/object which data source to be used for capturing the object.
Detection data
Many of the topographic features/objects listed in the object catalogue will only occur sporadically in the
open land. Many of the topographic objects will also be difficult to find in the satellite images without using
too many ressources. Therefore as support for the mapping, detection data will be provided for selected
features.
The detection data must be used as a guideline in capturing the features/objects in the satellite images.
It is stated for each feature/object if detection data will be available.
Metadata
Metadata describes e. g. the dataset´s content, state, quality, accuracy, structure, format, production information, source information, projection, coordinate system and history. Metadata must be attached as
point metadata and object metadata.
Metadata and its description must include as a minimum the following:
RMSE_XY: Average error for horizontal coordinates in meters to 2 decimal digits.
RMSE_Z: Average error for height coordinates in meters to 2 decimal digits.
ACQDATE: Date of aerial/satellite flight mission, yyyymmdd.
PRODDATE: Date of data production, yyyymmdd.
DATASOURCE:
 Satellite image.
 Aerial photo.
 Land survey.
 Administrative register or gazetteer.
METHOD: Method of production:
 Remote sensing methods e. g. radar, laser or photogrammetry.
 Land survey methods e.g. GPS or total station.
 Calculation methods e. g. automatically data processing.
 Administrative revision methods e. g. manual digitization or other methods.
SPEC_VER: Name of the used specification and version.
PRODUCER: Provider of the dataset; company name.
OPERATOR: Operator name or initials.
Editors addresses
Asiaq, Greenland Survey. Qatserisut 8, DK-3900 Nuuk.
Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency. Rentemestervej 8, DK-2400 København NV.
GEUS, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. Østervoldgade 10, DK-1350 København K.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 8
Object catalogue
The object catalogue gives an overview of the map features and topographic objects of this specification,
including their name, definition, mapping, geometry type, attributes, data source, detection data, minimum
size and topological relations.
Many topographic objects listed in the object catalogue will only occur sporadically in the open land.
Object class
Object type
Geometry
type
Data source
TRAFFIC
ROAD
PATH
SNOW TRAIL
BRIDGE
TUNNEL
RUNWAY
HELIPORT
HELISTOP
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Polygon
Polygon
Point
Satellite
Satellite
Administrative
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
BUILDING
HUT
GREENHOUSE
TANK/SILO
ANCIENT MONUMENT
BUILT-UP AREA
Point, polygon
Point
Point, polygon
Point, polygon
Point, line, polygon
Polygon
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Administrative
Satellite
COAST LINE
LAKE
RIVER
RIVER BANK
DITCH
SPRING
Line, polygon
Polygon
Line
Polygon
Line
Point
HARBOUR
JETTY
SKERRY
Line
Line
Point
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Administrative, crowdsourcing
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
ICE
NUNATAK
RIVER DELTA
FOREST
WETLAND
SCRUB VEGETATION
BOULDER FIELD
ERRATIC BLOCK
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Polygon
Point
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
AGRICULTURE
CEMETERY
MINING
DUMPING SITE
EMBANKMENT
DIKE
FENCE
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST
POWER LINE
PIPE LINE
TELEMAST
SKI LIFT
CAIRN
Polygon
Polygon
Point, polygon
Polygon
Line
Line
Line
Point
Line
Line
Point, polygon
Line
Point
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
Crowdsourcing
BUILDING
HYDROGRAPHY
LAND COVER
LAND USE
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Detect.
data
Min. size
1:50 000
Min. size
1:25 000
All
All
500 m
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
500 m
All
All
All
All
All
Yes
Yes
All
All
100 m2
All
All
All
All
100 m2
All
All
Yes
5 000 m2
2 500 m2
All
2 500 m2
All
5 000 m2
All
All
All
1 000 m2
All
2 500 m2
All
All
All
All
<500 m²
All
All
<250 m²
5 000 m2
2.500 m2
5 000 m2
5 000 m2
5 000 m2
5 000 m2
5 000 m2
5 metres in
height
2 500 m2
1.000 m2
2 500 m2
2 500 m2
2 500 m2
2 500 m2
2 500 m2
5 metres in
height
2 500 m2
500 m2
5 000 m2
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
1 metres in
height
1 000 m2
500 m2
2 500 m2
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
1 metres in
height
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Page 9
ADMINISTRATIVE
SEAMARK
TRIGONOMETRICAL
ST.
Point
Point
Satellite
Administrative
PLACE NAME
Point, line, polygon
Polygon
Polygon
NATURE RESERVE
MUNICIPALITY BORDER
BORDER
POINT OF INTEREST
DTM
GRID POINT
SPOT ELEVATION
CONTOUR LINE
All
All
All
All
Administrative, crowdsourcing
Administrative
Administrative
All
All
All
All
All
All
Line, polygon
Point
Administrative
Administrative, Crowdsourcing
All
All
All
All
Point
Point
Line
Satellite
Satellite
Satellite
5x5m
2,5 x 2,5 m
Z-value=10 m
Z-value=5 m
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Yes
Page 10
Object class TRAFFIC
ROAD
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
ROAD
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Road class
Minimum size
All
Object definition
ROAD is a route with a specially prepared surface that is intended for use by wheeled vehicles.
Mapping
ROAD is captured at ground level along the centre line of the route.
All ROADS are captured.
ROAD is captured under and on bridges and through tunnels.
Topology
ROAD must be captured as a line.
All physically connected ROADS form a network.
Where ROAD meets PATH, the two objects are snapped together.
Where ROAD meets BRIDGE, the two objects are snapped together.
Where ROAD meets TUNNEL, the two objects are snapped together.
Attribute
Road class.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 11
PATH
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
PATH
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
PATH is a permanent track used for pedestrian, hiking, bicycle or mounted traffic.
Mapping
PATH is captured at ground level along the centre line of the track.
All permanent PATHS are captured.
PATH is captured under and on bridges and through tunnels.
Topology
PATH must be captured as a line.
All physically connected PATHS form a network.
Where PATH meets ROAD, the two objects are snapped together.
Where PATH meets BRIDGE, the two objects are snapped together.
Where PATH meets TUNNEL, the two objects are snapped together.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 12
SNOW TRAIL
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
SNOW TRAIL
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
500 m
Object definition
SNOW TRAIL is a track used for cross-country skiing, dog sledges and snowmobiles.
SNOW TRAIL is an object used where the terrain is covered with snow or ice. A SNOW TRAIL will usually not
be visible in satellite images or aerial photos.
Mapping
SNOW TRAIL is captured at ground level along the centre line of the track.
SNOW TRAIL with a length of >= 500 metres is captured.
Shorter SNOW TRAIL connections that are part of a trail network are captured.
SNOW TRAIL data from the municipalities must be used for the mapping.
Topology
SNOW TRAIL must be captured as a line.
All physically connected SNOW TRAILS form a network.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 13
BRIDGE
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
BRIDGE
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
BRIDGE is a span construction that connects two locations and provides the passage over a terrain or water
obstacle. The span is wire hanging on pylons or resting on piers.
Mapping
BRIDGE is captured at the centre line along the entire bridge extent.
All BRIDGES are captured.
Topology
BRIDGE must be captured as a line.
Where BRIDGE meets ROAD, the two objects are snapped together.
Where BRIDGE meets PATH, the two objects are snapped together.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 14
TUNNEL
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
TUNNEL
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
TUNNEL is a blasted, drilled, dug or immersed pass-through under the terrain surface or under a water surface or through a sea or lake bed.
Mapping
TUNNEL is captured at the estimated centre line of the entire tunnel extent.
TUNNEL is captured in such a way that it shows the logical extent.
All TUNNELS are captured.
Topology
TUNNEL must be captured as a line.
Where TUNNEL meets ROAD, the two objects are snapped together.
Where TUNNEL meets PATH, the two objects are snapped together.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 15
RUNWAY
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
RUNWAY
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
In use or historical
Minimum size
All
Object definition
RUNWAY is an area designated for landing, take-off and taxiing of aircrafts. RUNWAY is normally situated in
relation to an airfield, airport or airport facilities such as air terminal, hangar, repair facilities and fuelling
services.
The surface of a RUNWAY can be gravel, grass, concrete or asphalt.
Mapping
RUNWAY is captured at ground level along the outer bounds of the area.
All RUNWAYS are captured.
As support for the mapping, RUNWAY detection data from Mittarfeqarfiit, Greenland Airports and the document Aeronautical Information Packages, may be used.
Topology
RUNWAY must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Attribut
Attribute indicating if RUNWAY is in use or historical.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 16
HELIPORT
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
HELIPORT
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
HELIPORT is an area designated for landing, take-off and taxiing of helicopters. HELIPORT is normally situated in relation to airport facilities such as air terminal, hangar, repair facilities and fuelling services.
The surface of a HELIPORT can be gravel, grass, concrete or asphalt.
Mapping
HELIPORT is captured at ground level along the outer bounds of the area.
All HELIPORTS are captured.
As support for the mapping, HELIPORT detection data from Mittarfeqarfiit, Greenland Airports and the
document Aeronautical Information Packages, may be used.
Topology
HELIPORT must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 17
HELISTOP
Object class
TRAFFIC
Object type
HELISTOP
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
HELISTOP is a small area, platform or roof structure designated for helicopter pickup or discharge of passengers and cargo. The HELISTOP does not provide airport facilities such as air terminal, hangar, repair facilities and fuelling services.
The surface of a HELISTOP can be wood, gravel, grass, concrete or asphalt.
Mapping
HELISTOP is captured at ground level at the centre of the area.
All HELISTOPS are captured.
As support for the mapping, HELISTOP detection data from Mittarfeqarfiit, Greenland Airports, TELE Greenland, the telecommunication company, and the document Aeronautical Information Packages may be used.
Topology
HELISTOP must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 18
Object class BUILDING
BUILDING
Object class
BUILDING
Object type
BUILDING
Geometry type
Point, polygon
Attribute
Function
Minimum size
All
Object definition
BUILDING definition includes houses, turf houses, barns and the like.
Mapping
BUILDING is captured along the edge of the roof at the eaves.
BUILDING must be of a permanent character, but BUILDINGS under construction and BUILDING foundations
are captured along the foundation or walls.
All BUILDINGS are captured, but solitary
As support for the mapping, BUILDING detection data from NunaGIS may be used.
Topology
BUILDING must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
BUILDING with an area of < 25 m2 in open land is captured as a point.
Attribute
Building function e.g.:
Accommodation, airport terminal, church, fire station, hangar, hospital, hydroelectric power plant, municipality office, police station, power plant/station, power substation/transformer station, school, tourist office.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 19
HUT
Object class
BUILDING
Object type
HUT
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
HUT is a small solitary building construction usually made of timber. HUT includes hunting cabin and shelter. HUT may be used as a primitive overnight accommodation that provides cover from the weather.
Mapping
HUT is captured as a point in the middle of the roof.
All HUTS are captured.
As support for the mapping, HUT detection data from NunaGIS may be used.
Topology
HUT must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 20
GREENHOUSE
Object class
BUILDING
Object type
GREENHOUSE
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
100 m2
Object definition
GREENHOUSE is a building with roofs and walls mainly constructed of glass or plastic, in which plants are
grown.
Mapping
GREENHOUSE is captured along the edge of the roof at the eaves.
GREENHOUSE must be of permanent character, but GREENHOUSE under construction and GREENHOUSE
foundation are captured along the foundation or walls.
Only GREENHOUSES used for commercial purpose e.g. market gardening, nurseries, public access etc. are
captured. Glass/plastic buildings belonging to private houses, company offices or the like are not GREENHOUSE, but BUILDING.
GREENHOUSE with an area of >= 100 m2 is captured.
Topology
GREENHOUSE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 21
TANK/SILO
Object class
BUILDING
Object type
TANK/SILO
Geometry type
Point, polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
TANK/SILO definition includes oil tanks, gas tanks, silos or any other round or angular closed storage tank.
Mapping
TANK/SILO is captured along the edge of the roof at the eaves.
TANK/SILO must be of permanent character, but TANK/SILO under construction and TANK/SILO foundations are captured along the foundation or walls.
All TANK/SILOS are captured.
TANK/SILO with an area of < 200 m2 is captured as a point
Topology
TANK/SILO must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 22
ANCIENT MONUMENT
Object class
BUILDING
Object type
ANCIENT MONUMENT
Geometry type
Point, line, polygon
Attribute
Culture period
Minimum size
All
Object definition
ANCIENT MONUMENT is a historical or cultural structure, monument or site of archaeological or heritage
interest e.g. remains from the Inuit and Norsemen cultures.
Mapping
ANCIENT MONUMENT is captured according to the shape of the structure; in the centre if the structure is a
point, along the feature if the structure is a line, or along the outer bounds if the structure is a polygon.
All ANCIENT MONUMENTS are captured.
ANCIENT MONUMENT data from The National Museum of Greenland, Heritage Greenland registry must be
used.
Topology
ANCIENT MONUMENT must be captured as point, line or one closed polygon with a common start and end
point.
Attribute
Culture periods:
PaIaeo ekimo
Thule
Norsemen
Newer historical sites, e.g:




Whaling station
Expedition site
War relic
Tomb
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 23
BUILT-UP AREA
Object class
BUILDING
Object type
BUILT-UP AREA
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
BUILT-UP AREA is an area with buildings and urban surroundings giving it character as a town or settlement.
Mapping
BUILT-UP AREA is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.
BUILT-UP AREA with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
If there are several BUILT-UP AREA with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each
other, they are captured as one BUILT-UP AREA.
As support for the mapping, BUILT-UP AREA data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.
Topology
BUILT-UP AREA must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Unclassified open land inside a BUILT-UP AREA must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 24
Object class HYDROGRAPHY
COAST LINE
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
COAST LINE
Geometry type
Line, polygon
Attribute
UDF
Minimum size
All
Object definition
COAST LINE is the distinct shoreline where sea meets land or glacier. Sea is a saline body of water connected to an ocean.
Mapping
COAST LINE is captured at the estimated naturally occurring boundary between sea and land, and sea and
glacier.
Island is an area of land completely surrounded by water.
Island with an area of >=500 m2 in the sea is captured as COAST LINE.
Island with an area <500 m2 in the sea is captured as SKERRY.
COAST LINE is captured across the mouths of rivers where they flow into the sea.
COAST LINE is captured across the front of glaciers where they flow into the sea.
COAST LINE is captured continuously under bridges.
Topology
COAST LINE must be captured as a line.
All physically connected COAST LINES form one network.
Attribute
As stated at page 7, section “Undefinable objects” it will sometimes be difficult to make a registration of an
object inside the accuracy, and the extent of the object must be estimated.
If parts of COAST LINE objects must be estimated, they are given the attribute code UDF.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 25
LAKE
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
LAKE
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
2 500 m2
Object definition
LAKE is an inland fresh water body filled depression completely surrounded by land. LAKE includes pond,
tarn and dammed water reservoir.
Mapping
LAKE is captured along the bank at water level.
LAKE with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
Island is an area of land completely surrounded by water.
Island with an area of >= 500 m2 in LAKE is captured as LAKE, along the bank at water level.
Island with an area of < 500 m2 in LAKE is captured as SKERRY.
LAKE is captured across the mouths of rivers where they flow into the lake.
LAKE is captured along the front of glaciers and permanent ice where they flow into the lake.
LAKE is not captured at ICE or under ICE.
LAKE is captured unbroken under bridges.
Topology
LAKE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Island in LAKE must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 26
RIVER
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
RIVER
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Link through lake
Minimum size
All
Object definition
RIVER is a body of flowing fresh watercourse in a natural or artificial open water draining channel. It may or
may not contain water all year.
Mapping
RIVER is captured at water level along the centre line between the banks of the river. If the river is dry, RIVER is captured at the river bed.
RIVERS with a length of >= 200 metre and a width of >=2 metres are captured.
Where RIVER connects to COAST LINE, LAKE and ICE, RIVER is captured regardless the length and width of
the RIVER to provide network connections.
Where a RIVER runs through a lake, the RIVER must be captured through the lake to form a network. The
object is captured with the shortest possible distance between RIVER inlet and outlet, without touching the
lake bank or any islands. If there is more than one inlet/outlet, the RIVERS are linked.
RIVER is not captured at ICE or under ICE.
If RIVER diverges and later reconnects to the main river, this branch must be captured individually.
Topology
RIVER must be captured as a line.
All physically connected RIVERS form one network.
Attribute
RIVER is captured through a LAKE with the attribute link.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 27
RIVER BANK
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
RIVER BANK
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
RIVER BANK is defined as the surface of a river.
RIVER BANK is the side outer bounds of a river. The side outer bound is along the crown edge. Where there
is no crown edge, the side outer boundary is defined as where the water surface meets the land.
RIVER BANK is also captures where the river starts/ends in lake and sea.
RIVER BANK is captured for all rivers with a width of >= 15 metres. River width is determined by the distance between the two river banks.
Mapping
RIVER BANK is captured along the side outer bound of the river with as few points as possible.
Where RIVER BANK starts and ends, a line is captured across the river to close the RIVER BANK polygon.
RIVER BANK with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
Where RIVER BANK connects to COAST LINE, LAKE and ICE, RIVER BANK is captured regardless of the length
and width of the RIVER BANK.
RIVER BANK is not captured at ICE, under ICE or through LAKE.
If RIVER BANK diverges and later reconnects to the main river, this branch must be captured individually.
Island is an area of land completely surrounded by water.
Island with an area of >= 500 m2 in RIVER is captured as RIVER BANK along the bank at water level.
Island with an area of < 500 m2 in RIVER is captured as SKERRY.
Topology
RIVER BANK must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Island in RIVER must be captured as a RIVER BANK cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 28
DITCH
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
DITCH
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Link through lake
Minimum size
All
Object definition
DITCH is a natural or artificial open water draining channel. It may or may not contain water all year.
Mapping
DITCH is captured at water level along the centre line between the banks of the ditch. If the ditch is dry, the
DITCH is captured at the ditch bottom.
DITCH with a length of < 200 metres and a width of < 2 metres is captured.
Where DITCH connects RIVER, COAST LINE, LAKE and ICE, DITCH is captured regardless the length of the
DITCH to provide network.
Where DITCH runs through lake, DITCH must be captured through the lake to form a network. The object is
captured with the shortest possible distance between DITCH inlet and outlet, without touching the lake
bank or any islands. If there is more than one inlet/outlet, DITCH is linked by an estimated line out in the
lake.
DITCH is not captured at ICE or under ICE.
If DITCH diverges and later reconnects to the main ditch, this branch must be captured individually.
Topology
DITCH must be captured as a line.
All physically connected DITCHES form one network altogether.
Attribute
DITCH is captured through LAKE with the attribute link.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 29
SPRING
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
SPRING
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Hot or cold
Minimum size
All
Object definition
SPRING is a natural flow of water welling from the ground.
Mapping
SPRING is captured at ground level in the middle as a point.
All SPRINGS are captured.
Topology
SPRING must be captured as a point.
Attribute
SPRING is given the attribute hot or cold.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 30
HARBOUR
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
HARBOUR
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
HARBOUR is a construction between sea and land, often used for vessel berthing. The HARBOUR construction may consist of quay, wharf, slipway, mole, breakwater and the like within a harbour area.
Mapping
HARBOUR is captured at the boundary between sea and land.
All HABOURS are captured.
HARBOUR is captured unbroken under bridges.
Topology
HARBOUR must be captured as a line.
All physically connected HARBOURS form one network altogether.
HARBOUR and COAST LINE form one network altogether.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 31
JETTY
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
JETTY
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
JETTY is a construction on piles in lake, river or sea, often used for vessel berthing. The JETTY construction
may consist of pier, groyne and the like.
Mapping
JETTY is captured at ground level along the centre line.
All JETTY are captured.
Topology
JETTY must be captured as a line.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 32
SKERRY
Object class
HYDROGRAPHY
Object type
SKERRY
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
<500 m2
Object definition
SKERRY is a small rocky island or reef in sea, LAKE or RIVER BANK completely surrounded by water.
Mapping
SKERRY is captured at ground level in the middle of the island or reef.
Only SKERRY in sea, that is not flooded during high tide, is captured.
Submerged SKERRY is not captured.
Island with an area of <500 m2 in sea, LAKE and RIVER BANK is captured as SKERRY
Topology
SKERRY must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 33
Object class LAND COVER
ICE
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
ICE
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
ICE is an area of persistent dense of snow and ice. The definition covers permanent snow, permanent
snowdrift, glacier, outlet glacier, ice cap on plateaus and the inland ice sheet. ICE may move slowly down
mountain slopes, and sometimes beyond lake or coast.
Mapping
ICE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the snow or ice.
ICE with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
Where ICE exceeds the coverage of the satellite images or aerial photos, the ICE polygon is closed at the
edge of the satellite images or aerial photos.
Topology
ICE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 34
NUNATAK
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
NUNATAK
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
2 500 m2
Object definition
NUNATAK is an isolated bedrock mountain top that sticks up through the surface of ICE, including glacier,
ice cap on plateaus and the inland ice sheet.
Mapping
NUNATAK is captured at ground level at the food of the mountain top where it is bound by glacier, ice cap
on plateaus and the inland ice sheet
NUNATAK with an area of >= 2 500 m2 is captured.
Topology
NUNATAK must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
NUNATAK in ICE must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 35
RIVER DELTA
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
RIVER DELTA
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
RIVER DELTA is a sediment area deposited by a river as a plain, forming the mouth of a river, where it flows
into sea or lake. The sediment area consists of silt, clay, sand, mud, pebbles or gravel.
Mapping
RIVER DELTA is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.
RIVER DELTA with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
If there are several RIVER DELTAS with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each
other, they are captured as one RIVER DELTA.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured e.g. RIVER and LAKE.
Topology
RIVER DELTA must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 36
FOREST
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
FOREST
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
FOREST is an area covered by trees, such as hardwood, conifer or mixed forest.
Mapping
FOREST is captured at the canopy level along the outer bound of the tree coverage.
FOREST with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
If there are several FORESTS with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other,
they are captured as one FOREST.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
As support for the mapping, FOREST detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.
Topology
FOREST must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Unclassified open land inside FOREST must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 37
WETLAND
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
WETLAND
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5.000 m2
Object definition
WETLAND is an open flat low-lying area of wet meadow, marsh or bog, with none or sparse grass, scrub and
wood vegetation.
Mapping
WETLAND is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.
WETLAND with an area of >= 5.000 m2 is captured.
If there are several WETLAND with an area of <= 5.000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other,
they are captured as one WETLAND.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
Topology
WETLAND must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Unclassified open land inside WETLAND must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 38
SCRUB VEGETATION
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
SCRUB VEGETATION
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
SCRUB VEGETATION is an area covered mainly by low vegetation such as bush and brushwood.
Mapping
SCRUB VEGETATION is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the bush and brushwood coverage.
SCRUB VEGETATION with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
If there are several SCRUB VEGETATION with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from
each other, they are captured as one SCRUB VEGETATION.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
Topology
SCRUB VEGETATION must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Unclassified open land inside SCRUB VEGETATION must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 39
BOULDER FIELD
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
BOULDER FIELD
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
BOULDER FIELD is an area of deposited large stones and rocks caused by mountain erosion.
Mapping
BOULDER FIELD is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.
BOULDER FIELD with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
Topology
BOULDER FIELD must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Unclassified open land inside BOULDER FIELD must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 40
ERRATIC BLOCK
Object class
LAND COVER
Object type
ERRATIC BLOCK
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
5 meters in height
Object definition
ERRATIC BLOCK is a single large stone or piece of rock transported and deposited by glaciers.
ERRATIC BLOCK differs from the size and type of stones and rocks native to the area in which it rests, and
stands out from its near environment.
Mapping
ERRATIC BLOCK is captured at the top in the middle of the stone or piece of rock as a point.
ERRATIC BLOCKS >=5 metres in height are captured.
Topology
ERRATIC BLOCK must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 41
Object class LAND USE
AGRICULTURE
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
AGRICULTURE
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
2 500 m2
Object definition
AGRICULTURE is a permanent land area used for cultivation of plants at a farm or market garden. The crops
mostly consist of vegetables, cereal, flowers, bushes and grasses for cattle feed.
Mapping
AGRICULTURE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area. If DIKE outer bounds the area,
AGRICULTURE is captured at the top of the dike.
AGRICULTURE with an area of >= 2 500 m2 is captured.
If there are several AGRICULTURE with an area of <= 2 500 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each
other, they are captured as one AGRICULTURE.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
As support for the mapping, AGRICULTURE detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.
Topology
AGRICULTURE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Unclassified open land inside AGRICULTURE must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 42
CEMETERY
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
CEMETERY
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
500 m2
Object definition
CEMETERY is a consecrate area intended for burial of the dead. The area may have character of garden to
be included for future burial, and may therefor be with or without tombs.
Mapping
CEMETERY is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area. If DIKE outer bounds the area,
CEMETERY is captured at the top of the dike.
CEMETERY with an area of >= 500 m2 is captured.
If there are several CEMETERY with an area of <= 500 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other,
they are captured as one CEMETERY.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
As support for the mapping, CEMETERY detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey may be used.
Topology
CEMETERY must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start point and end point.
Unclassified open land inside CEMETERY must be captured as a cut out area.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 43
MINING
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
MINING
Geometry type
Point, polygon
Attribute
Active/Passive
Minimum size
5 000 m2
Object definition
MINING is an area used for quarrying or excavation of raw materials and minerals.
Mapping
MINING is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.
If the MINING is inside a mountain, MINING is also captured at ground level in the centre of the intrance(s)
as a point.
MINING with an area of >= 5 000 m2 is captured.
If there are several MINING with an area of <= 5 000 m2 and with a distance < 50 metres from each other,
they are captured as one MINING.
Areas used for sorting and storage of raw materials and minerals are included in the MINING area.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
As support for the mapping, MINING detection data may be used.
Topology
MINING must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point, and/or as a point
stated earlier.
Attribut
MINING is given the attribute for its status either active or passive.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 44
DUMPING SITE
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
DUMPING SITE
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Active/Passive
Minimum size
All
Object definition
DUMPING SITE is an area used for depositing of waste, refuse and discarded material.
Mapping
DUMPING SITE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.
All DUMPING SITES are captured.
Areas used for sorting waste, refuse and discarded material are included in the DUMPING SITE area.
All relevant topography at the outer bound and inside the area must be captured.
As support for the mapping, DUMPING SITE detection data may be used.
Topology
DUMPING SITE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Attribut
DUMPING SITE is given the attribute for its status either active or passive.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 45
EMBANKMENT
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
EMBANKMENT
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
EMBANKMENT is a man-made construction raised above the surrounding terrain to dam, redirect or prevent flooding by a river, lake or sea.
Mapping
EMBANKMENT is captured along the centre line at the top.
All EMBANKMENTS are captured.
As support for the mapping, EMBANKMENT detection data may be used.
Topology
EMBANKMENT must be captured as a line.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 46
DIKE
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
DIKE
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
DIKE is a man-made construction by earth or stone raised above the surrounding terrain. DIKE is often used
as a limitation or fence of land use.
Mapping
DIKE is captured along the centre line at the top.
All DIKES are captured.
As support for the mapping, DIKE detection data may be used.
Topology
DIKE must be captured as a line.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 47
FENCE
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
FENCE
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
FENCE is a permanent man-made construction by wire fence, wood, bricks wall, hedge, row of trees and
the like. FENCE is often used as a limitation or fence of land use.
Mapping
FENCE is captured at ground level along the centre line.
All FENCES are captured.
As support for the mapping, FENCE detection data may be used.
Topology
FENCE must be captured as a line.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 48
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST is a pylon for high-voltage/high-tension transmission wire suspension.
Mapping
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST is captured at the top in the centre of the pylon as a point.
All HIGH-VOLTAGE MASTS in connection with POWER LINE are captured.
As support for the mapping, transmission line detection data from Nukissiorfiit, the power supply company,
may be used.
Topology
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST must be captured as a point.
HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST must be snapped to POWER LINE.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 49
POWER LINE
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
POWER LINE
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Voltage
Minimum size
All
Object definition
POWER LINE is a high-voltage/high-tension transmission wire suspended from pylons.
Mapping
POWER LINE is captured at the top in the centre of each polyn as a line.
All POWER LINES in connection with HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST are captured.
If POWER LINE starts or ends at building or any other object, POWER LINE is connected to the object.
As support for the mapping, POWER LINE detection data from Nukissiorfiit, the power supply company,
may be used.
Topology
POWER LINE must be captured as a line.
All physically connected POWER LINES form a network.
POWER LINE must be snapped to HIGH-VOLTAGE MAST.
Attribute
Voltage; output in KV.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 50
PIPELINE
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
PIPELINE
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Utilization
Minimum size
All
Object definition
PIPELINE is a connected set of pipes for conveying liquid, slurry or gas.
Mapping
PIPELINE is captured at the top along the centre of the pipes.
All PIPELINES are captured.
If PIPELINE starts or ends at building or any other object, PIPELINE is connected to the object.
As support for the mapping, PIPELINE detection data from Nukissiorfiit, the power supply company, may be
used.
Topology
PIPELINE must be captured as a line.
All physically connected PIPELINE form a network.
Attribute
Utilization.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 51
TELEMAST
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
TELEMAST
Geometry type
Point, polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
TELEMAST is a pylon or tower for telecommunication. The definition also includes radar domes and major
parabolic antennas.
Mapping
TELEMAST is captured at the top in the centre of the object as a point or at the outline as a polygon if the
area is >= 200 m2.
TELEMASTS >=7 metres in height are captured.
As support for the mapping, TELEMAST detection data from TELE Greenland, the telecommunication company, may be used.
Topology
TELEMAST must be captured as a point or polygon.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 52
SKI LIFT
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
SKI LIFT
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
SKI LIFT is a cable/wire transport device that carries skiers up a hill or a mountain. The transport device can
be aerial lift or surface lift. The cable/wire transport device is connected to pylons.
Mapping
SKI LIFT is captured at the top in the centre of each polyn as a line.
All SKI LIFTS are captured.
If SKI LIFT starts or ends at building or any other object, SKI LIFT is connected to the object.
As support for the mapping, SKI LIFT detection data may be used.
Topology
SKI LIFT must be captured as a line.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 53
CAIRN
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
CAIRN
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
1 meters in height
Object definition
CAIRN is a permanent man-made pile of stones used as a memorial or landmark. CAIRN stands out from its
near environment, visible from long distances, and often marks path and trails, and top of hills and mountains.
Mapping
CAIRN is captured at the top in the centre of the pile of stones as a point.
Permanent CAIRNS >=1 metres in height are captured.
CAIRN is meant to be captured with GPS receiver through crowdsourcing.
Topology
CAIRN must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 54
SEAMARK
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
SEAMARK
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
SEAMARK is a permanent coastal installation, used for inshore visual nautical navigation.
SEAMARK is located on land, reef or skerry as a lighthouse or fixed beacon.
Mapping
SEAMARK is captured at the top in the centre of the foundation as a point.
Only SEAMARK on land, reef or skerry is captured. Offshore SEAMARK as a floating buoy is not captured.
As support for the mapping, SEAMARK detection data from from Asiaq, Greenland Survey, and Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency, may be used.
Topology
SEAMARK must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 55
TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION
Object class
LAND USE
Object type
TRIGONOMETRICAL ST
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION is a permanent fixed surveying point, used in geodetic surveying, as basis for
mapping and for scientific purpose.
TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION is mostly located on top of hills and mountains, marked with a graven metal
plate on the terrain or on the top of a granite or concrete pillar.
Mapping
TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION is captured at the top in the centre of the foundation as a point.
All TRIGONOMETRICAL STATIONS are captured.
As support for the mapping, TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION detection data from Asiaq, Greenland Survey,
and Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency may be used.
Topology
TRIGONOMETRICAL STATION must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 56
Object class ADMINISTRATIVE
PLACE NAME
Object class
ADMINISTRATIVE
Object type
PLACE NAME
Geometry type
Point, line, polygon
Attribute
Key, spelling, class
and subclass
Minimum size
All
Object definition
PLACE NAME is a proper name that describes a location on land or sea.
The location can be natural, designating the elements of landscape and the shapes of the terrain, waterbody or man-made, designating built-up area and habitation.
PLACE NAME objects may follow the topographic elements e.g. coast line, river, building or contour line.
Mapping
PLACE NAME is captured at ground level in the centre of the object, along the object, or along the outer
bound of the object, according to the geometry type.
The PLACE NAME geometry should aim to follow the topographic elements if possible.
Topology
PLACE NAME must be captured as either a point, line or one closed polygon with a common start point and
end point.
Attribute
The PLACE NAME is linked by a key to the gazetteer from Oqaasileriffik, the national language and place
name authority.
The gazetteer describes the spelling of the PLACE NAME.
The Greenlandic place names have often alternative ways of spelling.
Examples of spellings are listed below:
Old Greenlandic
West Greenlandic
East Greenlandic
Danish
Other foreign languages
Nickname as it is popularly called
The Greenlandic place names are often named after the type of location it describes.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 57
The place name types are divided into classes and subclasses, depending of what the place name describes.
Examples of place name types are listed below:
CLASS 1: Large land areas
SUBCLASSES:





Continent
Region
Land
Inland ice sheet
Island
CLASS 2: Small land areas
SUBCLASSES:





Mountain
Range of mountains
Peninsula
Cape
Ice cap on plateau
CLASS 3: Types of landscape
SUBCLASSES:















Hill
Tableland
Foreland
Headland
Foothills
Nunatak
Glacier
Ridge
Pass
Peak
Valley
Canyon
Ravine
River
Lake
CLASS 4: Man-made elements
SUBCLASSES:






Town
Settlement
Harbour
Farm
Solitaire building
Group of buildings
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 58





Mining
Station/camp; military, weather or research
Landing area
Ancient monument
Ruin
CLASS 5: Marine and hydrographical sea elements
SUBCLASSES:







Ocean
Sea
Fiord
Bay
Sound
Strait
Inlet
CLASS 6: Submarine elements
SUBCLASSES:









Submarine canyon
Bar
Reef
Bank
Basin
Seamount
Undersea ridge
Deep
Current
CLASS 7: Administrative areas
SUBCLASSES:


Nature reserve name
Municipality name
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 59
NATURE RESERVE
Object class
ADMINISTRATIVE
Object type
NATURE RESERVE
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Category
Minimum size
All
Object definition
NATURE RESERVE is a protected area for conservation the natural environment and biodiversity.
Mapping
NATURE RESERVE is captured at ground level along the outer bound of the area.
As support for the mapping, NATURE RESERVE detection data from the national xxx authority must be used.
Topology
NATURE RESERVE must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start and end point.
Attribute
The NATURE RESERVES are classified in the following categories set up by The International Union for the
Conservation of Nature (IUCN):
Category Ia: Strict Nature Reserve
Category Ib: Wilderness Area
Category II: National Park
Category III: Natural Monument or Feature
Category IV: Habitat/Species Management Area
Category V: Protected Landscape/Seascape
Category VI: Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 60
MUNICIPALITY BORDER
Object class
ADMINISTRATIVE
Object type
MUNICIPALITY BORDER
Geometry type
Polygon
Attribute
Name
Minimum size
All
Object definition
MUNICIPALITY BORDER is the administrative boundary of a municipality.
MUNICIPALITY BORDER objects may follow topographic elements.
Mapping
MUNICIPALITY BORDER is captured at ground level.
The MUNICIPALITY BORDER geometry should aim to follow the topographic elements if possible.
As support for the mapping, MUNICIPALITY BORDER data from the national xxx authority must be used.
Topology
MUNICIPALITY BORDER must be captured as one closed polygon with a common start point and end point.
Attribute
The municipality name.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 61
BORDER
Object class
ADMINISTRATIVE
Object type
BORDER
Geometry type
Line, polygon
Attribute
Minimum size
All
Object definition
BORDER is the political defined geographical boundary between two sovereign states.
The BORDER may be on land or sea.
Mapping
BORDER is captured at ground or sea level.
The BORDER data from Geodatastyrelsen, the Danish Geodata Agency must be used.
Topology
BORDER must be captured as a line or one closed polygon with a common start point and end point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 62
POINT OF INTEREST
Object class
ADMINISTRATIVE
Object type
POINT OF INTEREST
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Description or
function
Minimum size
All
Object definition
A POINT OF INTEREST is a specific location that has generic relevant interest for the public.
POINT OF INTEREST describes the utilization, property or characteristic of a location.
Mapping
POINT OF INTEREST is captured at ground level in the centre of the object.
POINT OF INTEREST is meant to be captured with GPS receiver through crowdsourcing or during administrative collection.
Topology
POINT OF INTEREST must be captured as a point.
Attribute
The attribute describes the utilization, property or characteristic of a location.
Examples of POINT OF INTERESTS are airport, sight, camping site and the like.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 63
Object class DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL
GRID POINT
Object class
DTM
Object type
GRID POINT
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
5x5m
Object definition
GRID POINT is an elevation point, systematically scattered in the terrain.
Mapping
GRID POINT is captured at ground level.
GRID POINTS are captured in a grid at 5 x 5 metres.
Topology
GRID POINT must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 64
SPOT ELEVATION
Object class
DTM
Object type
SPOT ELEVATION
Geometry type
Point
Attribute
Minimum size
Object definition
SPOT ELEVATION is an elevation point of all local extreme points in the terrain, especially the top of all significant mountains and hills, including nunataks, and the bottom of all significant valleys and hollows in the
terrain.
Mapping
SPOT ELEVATION is captured at ground level at the extreme point.
Topology
SPOT ELEVATION must be captured as a point.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 65
CONTOUR LINE
Object class
DTM
Object type
CONTOUR LINE
Geometry type
Line
Attribute
Z-value
Minimum size
Z-value=10 m
Object definition
CONTOUR LINE is a line that joins neighbour points of equal elevation.
Mapping
The construction of CONTOUR LINE is based on GRID POINTS and SPOT ELEVATION.
CONTOUR LINES are constructed with an equidistant of 10 meter starting at the 10 meter elevation.
The individual CONTOUR LINE must be joined to one single object with no crossings, bisections or overlaps
with any other CONTOUR LINES.
CONTOUR LINE may not cross COAST LINE or LAKE.
CONTOUR LINE must show the shape of the terrain surface as best as possible.
To avoid sharp angles in the CONTOUR LINE, they may be smoothed, within the horizontal accuracy.
At very steep terrain, where the CONTOUR LINES will be horizontal closer than 1 meter to each other, the
CONTOUR LINES must be generalized into the nearest constructed CONTOUR LINE divided with 50 meter.
Topology
CONTOUR LINE must be captured as a line.
Attribut
Z-value.
Specification for Arctic topographic mapping - 1:50 000, edition 1.0
© Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk. June 2015.
Page 66