FORMULAE:
(01) Structural formula of methane:
(02) Structural formula of ethane:
(03) Structural formula of ethene:
(04) Structural formula of ethyne:
(05) Skeletal or chain isomers of the molecular formula C5H12:
(i) n–pentane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
(ii) 2–methyl butane CH3 - CH- CH2 - CH3
|
CH3
CH3
(iii) 2, 2–dimethyl propane
|
CH3 - C - CH3
|
CH3
(06) Position isomers of the molecular formula C3H9N:
(i) CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2
(ii) CH3 - CH- CH3
|
NH2
1- propanamine
2- propanamine
(07) Position isomers of the molecular formula C5H12O:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
CH3CH2CH2CHCH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Pentan–1–ol
CH3CH2CHCH2CH3
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OH
OH
Pantan–2–ol
Pantane–3–ol
(08) Functional group isomers of the molecular formula C3H8O:
(i) CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
(ii) CH3-O-CH2-CH3
Propan–1–ol
Methoxy ethane
(09) Functional group isomers of the molecular formula C3H6O:
(i) CH3-CH2-CHO
(ii) CH3-CO-CH3
Propanal
Propanone
(10) Functional group isomers of the molecular formula C3H6O2:
(i) CH3-CH2-COOH
Propanoic acid
(ii) CH3-COO-CH3
Methyl ethanoate
(11) Metamers of the molecular formula C5H10O:
(i) CH3-CH2-CO-CH2- CH3
(ii) CH3-CO- CH2- CH2-CH3
Pentan–3–one
Pentan–2–one
(12) Metamers of the molecular formula C4H10O:
(i) CH3-O-CH2- CH2-CH3
Methoxy propane
(ii)
CH3 CH2-O- CH2-CH3
Ethoxy ethane
(13) Metamers of the molecular formula C4H11N:
(i) CH3NHCH2CH2 CH3
(ii) CH3CH2NHCH2CH3
N-Methyl propanamine
N-Ethyl ethanamine
(14) Tautomers of the molecular formula C2H4O:
H O
H
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|
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H- C - C -H
H- C =C -H
|
|
H
OH
Ethanal
Vinyl alcohol
(15) Tautomers of the molecular formula C3H6O:
CH3 - C - CH3
CH2 =C - CH3
||
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O
OH
Propanone
Prop -1-in-2 - ol
(16) Tautomers of the molecular formula C5H8O2:
O
O
O
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CH3 - C - CH2 - C - CH3
keto form
OH
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CH3 - C - CH=C - CH3
enol form
(17) Inductive effect in propyl chloride:
H
H
H
| |
|
H − C >C > >C > > >Cl
| |
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H H
H
(18) Positive electromeric effect in alkene compound:
(19) Negative electromeric effect in ketone compound:
(20) Resonance structures of benzene:
(21) Resonance structures of carbon dioxide:
..
..
O
=C=O
..
..
- ..
↔
+
:O
− C ≡ O:
..
+
↔
.. -
: O ≡ C − O:
..
(22) Resonance structures of carboxylic acid:
(23) Hyperconjugation in propene: