Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Subject + verb + object + complement
Subject
Noun ( Ali, Salma, The doctor,
My father, His friend )
pronoun ( I ,He, She, It ,You ,We ,They )
object
Noun ( Ali, Salma, The doctor,
My father, His friend )
pronoun ( me, him, her, it ,you , us, them )
(Verbs( :
:ف
)
v(1)
v(2(
(
)
(
)
v(3)
فأ
(
ال
ألف
ف
ف
ف
ف
ف
Verbs
2- Main verbs
1- Helping verbs
(1- Be
2-Do
3- Have 4-Modals)
(1-regular verbs 2- irregular verbs)
Helping verbs:
1- Verbs to (Be) :
ف
(Be): V (1)
(is, am, are)
)ا
(He, she, it ,
V (2)
)ا
( I ) (we, you, they,
(was, were)
)ا
(I, he, she, it,
V (3)
)ا
(We, you, they,
(been)
(
ا
األ
)
:
I am a teacher.
He is a doctor.
ا
أف
:)
(ا/ ا
We are students. My father was an accountant
1
ألف
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
This is a table.
These are books.
Suha is an intelligent girl.
She is a girl.
They were soldiers.
)adjective): ص
They were good friends.
The trip was wonderful.
Petra is marvellous.
1.
2.
3.
4.
We -------- learning Arabic at the moment.
She -------- a beautiful girl.
I -------- in Amman yesterday.
Majd and Salem ----------- students before three years.
:
2- Verbs to (Do)
V (1)
ف
(do)
(did)
V (3)
(done)
:
ضف
)ا
(He, she, it,
(I, we, you, they, he, she, it,
ا
(
ف
Do you speak English?
)ا
(I, we, you, they,
(does)
V (2)
(is, am, are)
(is, am, are)
(are, was, were)
(is, am, were)
األ
V(infinitive(
✓
)
) فdo, does, did(
ف
: الح
(ing, ed, s)
She does washes the dishes. X
\
I didn't buy a new computer. ✓
)ا
Do you spoke English? X
\
She does wash the dishes. ✓
ا,
\
I didn't buying a new computer. X
1. Do you -------------- your parents daily?
(call, calling, called, calls)
2. He does ------------ his house.
(paints, paint, painted, painting)
3. John didn't ------------ to my birthday party last night. (comes, come, coming)
3- Verbs to (Have) :
V (1)
V (2)
V (3)
(have)
ف
) ا
( I, we, you, they,
) ا
(has)
(He, she, it,
(had)
(I, we, you, they, he, she, it,
(had)
(
ا
األ
)
2
ا,
)ا
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
: الح
:
أ ا
ا
I have a computer.
Marwa has a camera.
I have a big house.
She has beautiful eyes.
(have, has, had (
v)3(
أف
ء
)have, has, had)
He had a car.
My uncle had a small farm.
ف
أ
Huda has cleaned the kitchen.
ا
ئ
ف
األف
ء
ا
:
We have bought a new car.
I had done my home work before I went to sleep.
1. Ali ----------- a camera.
(have, has,)
2. We ------------- a celebration last week.
(have, has, had)
3. The gardener has --------------- the plants.
(watered, water, waters)
4. I have --------------- a letter to my friend.
( write, wrote, written)
4- Modal verbs: قص
/
ألف
ا
ف
ف
أ
أ
. غ أ/ أ
v (1)
Will
Shall
Can
May
Must
have to
has to
ought to
v (2)
would
should
could
might
had to
had to
had to
ought to
: v(inf.)
I will go to London next week. ✓
ئ
v (3)
( فmodals) ا
: الح
أف
I will went to London next week. X
You must stop smoking. ✓
You must stopped smoking.
He can speak English very well. ✓
X
He can speaking English very well. X
Drivers ought to drive more carefully. ✓
Drivers ought to drove more carefully. X
3
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
1. You should ----------- a new computer.
2. I can -------------- very well.
3. They will ---------------- from Aqaba tomorrow.
( buy, bought, buys)
(swam, swim, swimming)
(arrived, arriving, arrive)
Main verbs: ئ س
ألف
ألف
1- Regular verbs :
:
v(3)
v(2)
v(1)
v (2)
v (3)
Play
Want
Open
Stop
Watch
Played
wanted
opened
stopped
watched
Played
wanted
opened
stopped
watched
I have played tennis.
V(3)
v(3)
ص ف
( قed)
(have, has, had)
ف
خ
She has opened the windows.
We had watched the movie
V(3)
V(3)
: v(2) ص ف
(have, has, had) س ق
(ed) خ
She opened the windows.
I played tennis.
v (2)
v (2)
2- Irregular verbs: ) ( ش
ألف غ
غ
(ed)
V (1)
:
:
ح
حظ ص
V (1)
v(3)
v(2)
v (2)
We watched the movie.
v (2)
v (3)
speak
break
steal
choose
wake
Spoke
Broke
Stole
Chose
Woke
spoken
broken
stolen
chosen
woken
write
drive
ride
rise
Wrote
Drove
Rode
Rose
written
driven
ridden
risen
4
ح
v(1)
ا
(ed) ال خ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
eat
fall
give
take
see
forgive
forget
ate
fell
gave
took
saw
forgave
forgot
eaten
fallen
given
taken
Seen
forgiven
forgotten
grow
throw
know
fly
draw
show
grew
threw
knew
flew
drew
showed
grown
thrown
known
flown
drawn
shown
fight
buy
think
bring
teach
catch
fought
bought
thought
brought
taught
caught
fought
bought
thought
brought
taught
caught
sing
ring
drink
begin
swim
run
sang
rang
drank
began
swam
ran
Sung
Rung
drunk
begun
swum
Run
cost
let
hurt
shut
put
cut
hit
read
cost
let
hurt
shut
put
cut
hit
read
Cost
Let
Hurt
Shut
Put
Cut
Hit
Read
build
burn
dig
dream
feed
built
burnt
dug
dreamed
fed
built
burnt
Dug
dreamed
Fed
5
خ
ف
/
/
/
ف
/
/
/
/
غ
/
أ
/
ف
غ
/ ص/
أ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
feel
find
get
hear
keep
lead
learn
leave
lose
make
meet
say
pay
sell
send
sleep
spend
understand
win
tell
felt
found
got
heard
kept
led
learnt
left
lost
made
met
said
paid
sold
sent
slept
spent
understood
won
told
Flt
found
Got
heard
Kept
Led
learnt
Left
Lost
made
Met
Said
Paid
Sold
Sent
slept
spent
understood
Won
Told
come
become
Is, am, are
go
have, has
do\ does
came
became
was, were
went
had
did
come
become
Been
gone
Had
done
6
/
/ ف
/
/
/
/
ال/
/
غ
ف
/
/
/
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Module
4
Earth’s resources
مص در األرض
7
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (5)
Sources of energy
مصادر الطاقة
8
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (5)
Sources of energy
مصادر الطاقة
Word
English meaning
Arabic meaning
Solar
ا
wind farms
Turbines
a modern windmill for providing
electricity
Panels
a flat piece of material that forms part of a
door, window or roof.
Windy
ا
/
أ ا
صف
ا
Heat
خ
Cell
Generator
Sunlight
ا
Electricity
ء
Steam
Plant
Fuel
9
أ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
vocabulary: ex (1) wb.p.(31)
The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Choose words from the box to correct
them so that the sentences make sense. Three words are not needed.
solar,
heat, turbines, panels,
cells,
steam, generators,
biomass
1- Water can be heated up by heat panels, which contain thousands of small solar
turbines.
………………………………..\ ……………………………………..
2- Wind biomass can be used to convert wind energy into electricity.
……………………………….
3- Solar is natural material which is grown or produced to be used as fuel.
……………………………
4- When biomass is burnt, the heated water produces generators, which is used to
make electricity. …………………………………
Answers: 1- solar
\ cells
2- turbines
3- Biomass
13
4- steam
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (5) stb. P. (45)
Reported speech (الكال المن ل (غ ر المب شر
. الجم عند نق
لس ن شخص آخر ح ث تحدث تغ را ع
: الجم
ئ ا
)
ضم ئر الف عل
ئ ا
/
/
ضم ئر المفع ل به
ئ ا
التغ را الت تحدث ع
( ئ
ا
me → him, her
My → his, her
We → they
us → them
our → their
You → he, she, they, I, we you → him, her, them, me,us
:
فا
your → his, her, their, my, our
أسم ء اإلش رة
Tomorrow → the day after, the following day
Now → then
Tonight → that night
Today → that day
Last + (
→ ) فthe +(
) ف+ before (last week→ the week before)
Next + (
→ ) فthe +(
) ف+ after (next year → the year after )
This → that
These → those
Here → there
14
غ-
ضم ئر الم ك
I → he, she
Yesterday → the day before, the previous day
ه نقل الكال ع
غ-
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
:) األفع ل ( نح ل جم ع األفع ل إل اقر م ض
v(1) → v (2)
v (2) → had + v (3)
\
تغ ر ع-
had + v (3) →
has \ have → had
is, am → was
are → were
was, were → had been
will → would
\ shall → should \ can → could \ may → might
must , have to, has to → had to
\ ought to → ought to
)reporting statements)
:
1. "I have breakfast in the hotel every day".
ا
ا
** أ
(direct speech)
She said that she had breakfast in the hotel every day. (reported speech)
2. “I‟m sitting on top of the mountain."
(direct speech)
He said that he was sitting on top of the mountain.
(reported speech)
3. “I went to the National Gallery last week."
(direct speech)
She said that she had gone to the National Gallery the week before. (reported speech)
4. ”I checked my emails this morning."
(direct speech)
He said that he had checked his emails that morning.
(reported speech)
5. "Scientists have found a new source of energy.”
(direct speech)
He said that scientists had found a new source of energy.
(reported speech)
6. "We have visited the ancient city of Petra three times."
(direct speech)
They said that they had visited the ancient city of Petra three times.
15
(reported speech)
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
7. “I‟m a teacher”
He said ............................................................................
8. “I‟m having lunch with my parents.”
She said ....................................................................................
9. “I‟ve been to France three times.”
He said ………………………………………………………..
“I‟ve been working very hard.”
He said ..............................................................................................
10.“I bought a new car.”
He said .................................................................................................
11.“It was raining earlier.”
She said .............................................................................................. ..
:
ألس
( Reporting questions )
(Why, When, Where, Who, What, How, How long (
ا
ا
أ
ألس
** ح
ط
ا
ألس-1
:
Subj +
asked
+ Wh. Question +subj.+ verb ( ) ب د التح ل+ comp.
wanted to know
wondered
"How long has he been waiting here?"
The woman asked how long he had been waiting there.
"What is she doing now?"
He asked what she was doing then.
„How long are they going away for?‟
She asked how long they were going away for.
16
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
ء
Obj
you
ح
Me → I
Him → he
Her → she
"What are
you doing?"
u
He asked me …………………………………….
Them → they
He asked him…………………………………….
He asked her…………………………………….
He asked them…………………………………….
ء
Obj
your
ح
Me → my
"Where is
car?"
your
Him → his
He asked me …………………………………….
Her → her
He asked him…………………………………….
Them → their
He asked her…………………………………….
He asked them…………………………………….
"When will he come?"
Samer wanted to know……………………………………………….………….
"What have you done?"
The teacher asked him …………………………………………………………
:
بم
) نقdo, does, did(
: v(2)
Do play
→
played
Does play
إذا ك ن السؤال الط ل حت:
ال
) نح ل الفعل الرئ س الذ بعدهم إلdo, does),نحذف
do eat
→ ate
does eat
:had +v(3)
Did play
ع
→ had played
did eat
17
( نح ل الفعل الرئ س الذ بعده إلdid) نحذف
→ had eaten
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
"What does the teacher say?"
Ali asked …………………………………….
"What do you want?"
She asked me …………………………………….
"When did you visit Petra?"
My friend asked me …………………………………….
)is, am, are, was, were, have, has, will, ---- etc.(
: األسئ ال ص رة ه الت تبدأ بفعل مس عد مثل-2
:
Subj +
ق عدة تح
+ if \ whether +subj.+ verb ( ) ب د التح ل+ comp.
asked
wanted to know
wondered
“Are you hungry?”
He asked me if I was hungry.
“Have you changed your mobile phone?”
My friend asked me if I had changed my mobile phone.
.) نتع مل مع م كم تع م ن ب لسؤال الط لdo, does, did( إذا بدا السؤال القص ر ب: مالحظ
"Do you like broccoli?"
Asma asked me if\ whether I liked broccoli.
”Did you learn about Earth 's resources last week?"
Fadi asked them if \ whether they had learnt about Earth 's resources the week before.
"Do you speak English?"
The tourist asked me ………………………………..…..….
18
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
"Does she wake up early?"
He wondered …………………………………………….….
"Did you see the accident yesterday?"
Adel asked Omar…………………………………..….…….
"Did you go to the right address?"
The man asked the boy …………………………………….
Ex.(3) wb.p.(31)
“Solar power and wind power are types of renewable energy sources.”
The student said that ……………………………………………………………..……….
“You should go to bed early on school nights.”
I told them that ……………………………………………………………………………
“ Biomass is a renewable energy source that is also a fuel.”
The teacher told us that …………………………………………………………………. .
“I was sleeping when you called.”
Rania said that ……………………………………………………………………………
“I hadn‟t eaten fish and chips before I came to England.
Imad told me that ………………………………………………………………..……….
19
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex. (6) stb.p.(45)
Dr Peter Green, an expert in renewable energy sources, talks about how waste can be
reused to produce energy. Summarise his report, beginning Dr Green said (that) …..
“ in New Jersey, USA, there has been a problem with growing rubbish dumps for almost a
century. The issue became so great on one island in the area that there was more space
taken up by waste than living space. The island was finally called a „toxic zone‟, and
people were told to leave the island. For a while, the dump grew and grew, until a group of
scientists visited the island because they had decided to convert this waste into fuel. After
this, experts in the field have worked hard to create a cleaner, „greener‟ New Jersey, and
these days, rubbish dumps are carefully separated into reusable waste. The forwardthinking state set of a good example, and now not only the rest of the USA, but also some
other countries such as Russia and China are following New Jersey‟s lead.”
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Ex.(2) wb.p.(31) Circle the correct form of the verbs.
1- The teacher said that it is / was /has been necessary to find different ways to produce
energy.
2 -Dr Green also said that scientists decided/ had decided / were deciding to convert the
waste into fuel.
3 -The government promised that they will try/ would try / have tried to use more
renewable energy sources.
4 -The article said that some energy sources are used / had been used / are being used for
a very long time.
Answers:
1- was
2- had decided
3- would try
20
4- had been used
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
“Can I use your pen?”
Anwar asked his friend
……………………………………………………………………….
“Can you check the prices of the goods?”
The manager asked Rashed
…………………………………………………………………….
“Can you speak any foreign language?”
Hatem asked Muna ……………………………………………………………………….
“Does your child need any special kind of food during the flight?”
The stewardess asked Muna………………………………………………………………….
“Do you enjoy doing online exercises?”
The teacher asked the students ……………………………………………………………….
“Do all children use computers at schools?”
Rashed asked Tahani ……………………………………………………………………….
“The engineers are going to design the new highway next month”
The manager said that ……………………………………………………………………….
“What do Jordanian people eat at wedding parties?”
John asked Kareem ……………………………………………………………………….
"How long does it take to get to London?"
The woman asked ……………………………………………………………………….
"When did Jordan start competing in the Olympics?"
He asked when ……………………………………………………………………….
„How long are you going away for?‟
She asked us …………………………………………………………………….…….
21
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Rewrite the following paragraph so that the new one has a similar meaning to the one
before it.
Rawan is sitting in the café where Ahmad works. He tells her, “ I work in this café almost
every day. But yesterday I saw a famous TV presenter here for the first time. She ate icecream at the table where you are sitting now.”
Your answer should begin from Ahmad said that …. In the following new
paragraph:A week later Rawan is speaking to a friend on the phone: “I saw Ahmad at the café last
week”. Ahmad said that
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………....……………………………………………………………………………………
22
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex . (4) st.p. (49)
Which of the words in the box below refer to the following energy sources (a-c)?
imported,
thermal,
سexpensive,
ح
natural gas
b-
shale oil
c-
nuclear power
liquid, س ئ
dependence,
substitute,
reactors,
ال
hope,
س
Investments,
a-
غ
اغ ا
ا
ا
ا
→
imported ,
dependence , investments
→ expensive, liquid, thermal, substitute, investments
ا
→
reactors, hope , investments
30
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex . (7) st.p. (49)
Crude oil
Reading
Word
English meaning
crude oil
the oil that comes out of oil wells, before it is
separated into different products.
when something decays or breaks down into smaller
parts.
decomposition
Arabic meaning
diesel
a type of heavy oil used instead of petrol.
finite
having an end or a limit.
fossil fuel
a fuel that is produced by the very gradual decaying
of animals and plants over millions of years.
thermal
concerned with or caused by heat.
invest
to use a lot of time, effort, etc. or spend money in
order to make something succeed.
kerosene
an oil that is burnt for heat and used in lamps for
lighting.
made of the solid substances that settle at the
bottom of the sea, rivers, lakes, etc.
sedimentary
shale
a type of soft rock that oil can be extracted from.
31
ا
ا
اال
ا
ا
/
ص
اال ال
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Module
4
Earth’s resources
مص در األرض
Unit (6)
Natural resources in
Jordan
ف األ
ا
ا
33
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (6)
Natural resources in Jordan
ف األ
ا
ا
Mastermind
Grammar
/
Reported questions
Stb.p.(50)
abundant
/ اف
available in large quantities.
/
derived
tidal
ا
connected with the tides in the sea.(ebb and flow)
ا ا
self- taught
worldwide
ءا
happening in the whole world.
ا
أ
ف
ا
biofuels
ا
ئ
hydro
primary
أ/
geothermal
األ
relating to or using the natural heat produced inside
the earth.
biomass
plant and animal matter used to provide fuel and
energy.
photovoltaics solar cells that produce electricity from the sun‟s
rays.
34
أ/
ا
ئ
ا
ا
ا
ئ
ا
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
which (14) → Solar PV or photovoltaics
they (15) → the USA
it (16) it (17) it (18) → nuclear power
Read and listen to the quiz show again and answer the questions. You may need to do
research on the Internet, in the school library or in a public library to know some of
the answers.
1 - What do the underlined words refer to?
it‟s (3) solar energy
they (15)
the USA
it (17)
nuclear power
2 - Jamal says that solar energy is the origin of many other sources of energy. Give
examples of these sources.
All renewable energy sources , except tidal and geothermal, get their energy from the sun,
for example, biomass, wind and hydropower.
3- Do you think that wood is a renewable energy source in Jordan? Why / Why not?
The wood is a renewable energy source if trees are planted after they have been cut down
for fuel. If this way is applied in Jordan, we can name it as renewable.
4 - Is solar power common in Jordan? If so, give real examples of how and where it is used.
If not, give suggestions of how and where these two technologies could be used.
Jordan uses solar PV to power remote villages, but it is working on doing more by building
power plants for near future usage. It is a very sunny power to its advantage.
37
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Grammar: Reported questions
Ex.(5) stb.p.(51)
Zaid is asking his friend Jamal about his appearance on Mastermind. Choose the
right option to complete Jamal's answers.
Zaid: So, what was the hardest question you were asked?
Jamal: I was asked what source of energy (1) would be / will be / is
the main energy source in the future. I wasn't sure at first, but l got the answer right!
Zaid: What else did he ask you?
Jamal: It‟s hard to remember! He asked me if wood (2) is /has been / was a renewable
energy source.
Zaid: Oh, right. Did he ask you anything else?
Jamal: He asked me why solar energy (3) was / had been / has been given the term
„primary renewable energy'.
Zaid: Of course you knew the answer.
Jamal: Of course I did. Oh, and he also asked me which country (4) was / had been /
would be the largest producer of nuclear power. In the end, l got all the answers right!
Answers: 1- would be
2- was
3- had been
39
4- was
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex. (2) wb.p.35
Correct the verb forms in bold and write their correct form below:
Last week, I had a job interview in a company that works to preserve natural resources. The
interviewer asked me if I (1) have ever worked in the domain. He also asked me whether
I(2) know what kinds of task my job require. He then asked me If I(3) have a specific
salary in mind. He wondered whether I(4) will be able to work full time in the company.
He also wanted to know whether I (5) am planning to take this job as a career.
1-
_____________________________________________
2-
_____________________________________________
3-
_____________________________________________
4-
_____________________________________________
5-
_____________________________________________
Ex. (3) wb.p.35 Now write the interviewer’s questions from the paragraph in
exercise 2.
1- Have you ever worked in this domain?
2- _____________________________________________
3- _____________________________________________
4- _____________________________________________
5- _____________________________________________
Answer :
2- Do you know that kinds of task your job requires?
3- Do you have a specific salary in mind?
4- Will you be able to work full time in the company?
5- Are you planning to take this job as a career?
40
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (6)
Stb.p.(52)
Water resources in Jordan
ا ء ف األ
accountability
responsibility for one‟s own actions.
aquatic
living or growing in water.
conserve
to protect something and try to prevent it from
being damaged.
countless
too many to be counted; meaning a large number.
In - depth
deep understanding
infrastructure
the basic systems that a country needs in order to
work properly, for example roads, railways, banks,
etc.
necessitate
to make it necessary for someone to do something.
scarcity
a situation in which there is not enough of
something.
sanitation
the protection of public health by removing and
treating waste, dirty water, etc.
uncontaminated
ئ
ال/
ال
ف
not polluted.
41
/
/
/
فا
ا
ا
ا
غ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
3- Rephrase point 1 of the government notice in your own words.
In Jordan, it is necessary that people know that water supply is limited and begin to think
know to reduce their usage of water in their own houses, and on an individual level.
4 – In point 2 of the notice, what idea is being expressed here? Write one sentence.
Point 2 is talking about working together to help to solve the problem. The key to working
together successfully is accepting one's own responsibility, whether it is at home or at work
as part of a company.
5 - An educational programme is proposed in point 3. What is its purpose? Explain in your
own words.
The educational programme intends to make school children more aware of the problems
and solutions of water shortages, starting this education from an early age.
6- In point 4, what does the word „regard' imply? regard means "care" here.
7 - Why do you think point 5 is considered an important issue to the government?
This could be concerning tourism. The environment is important for the government to
maintain because it is a part of the Jordanian heritage.
8- What does point 6 say will be done to make sure that drinking water is safe?
Point 6 says that the quality of Jordan's water will be checked regularly to make sure that
drinking water is safe.
44
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
UNIT (6) .wb.p( 36 )
الش
Derivation:
الس
ion \ tion
– ment –
ity –
-1
ence/ ance –
sion
Pollution, pollutant, government, responsibility, maintenance, consequence,
accountability, reliance, comprehension.
ص
able –
al –
ive –
ful –
y–
ous ,
-2
ed,
ent / ant
reliant, consequent, accountable, natural, accidental, impressive,
careful, dangerous, maintained, excited, polluted
: Verb:
.
س
-3
س
Maintain, rely, comprehend, pollute,…………etc.
)ف
ly ط
( adverb: ف
) ص+ ly (
consistent + ly = consistently
routine + ly = routinely
consequent + ly = consequently
46
-4
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
ح ظ لالشت
Verb
الس
Noun
abundance غ ا/
_____________
accountability
_____________
aroma ا
comprehend
comprehension
/
الك م
ص
Adjective
_____________
/
المط
ف
/
ا ا/ ف
abundant
غ/ اف
Adverb
ف
abundantly غ ا/ ف
accountable
__________________
aromatic
__________________
comprehensive
__________________
اال ا
ا/
conserve
Conservation
conservative
ف
conservatively ا
_____________
consequence
consequent
/
consequently
consistent
/
consistently ا
_____________ _______________
consumption ال
consume
/
count
count
ء
ا
ا
/
________________ __________________
ال
countless
__________________
_____________
cruelty
cruel
cruelly
_____________
commerce
commercial
commercially
decompose
decomposition
decomposable
__________________
diversify
diversification
diverse ف
__________________
endure
endurance
embarrass
embarrassment
erupt
/
ا
________________ __________________
ا
ا/ ا
eruption
fascinate
fascination
_____________
finiteness
_____________
fiction
/
/
اembarrassed
__________________
________________ __________________
افfascinating
ف
finite
خ
fictional
47
__________________
Finitely
خ
__________________
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
_____________
herb
herbal
industrialise
industrialisation
industrial
اال
inevitable
__________________
ص
__________________
ّ
_____________
inevitability
_____________
illiteracy
institute
institution
________________ __________________
inscribe
inscription
________________ __________________
invest
investment
maintain
maintenance
marinate
ّ األ
illiterate
ا
ص
inevitably
ّ أ
ال/
__________________
________________ __________________
maintained
__________________
_______________
marinated
__________________
necessitate
necessity
necessary
necessarily
pollute
pollution\pollutant
polluted
__________________
/
ا
publicise
publication
pave صف
pavement ص ف
_____________
reality
rehabilitate
rehabilitation
ا/
________________ __________________
paved ص ف
realistic
/
ا/
__________________
realistically
ا
________________ __________________
ا
reliant
__________________
_____________ responsibility
responsible
responsibly
_____________
routine
routine
_____________
scarcity
_____________
sediment
rely
ا
reliance
/
scarce
/
/
sedimentary
48
routinely /
scarcely ا
__________________
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
_____________ _______________
subtract
subtraction
sympathise
sympathy
ف
ا
simultaneous ص
ا/ ا
ف
simultaneously
ا
ف
________________ __________________
sympathetic
sympathetically
ف
ف
ف
ف؟
ص
الس
س
-:) الس
:
(س
-) 1
Many – much – a few – a little – a lot of – each – numbers (one, two, three....)
this, that, these, those – other – another – any - no – some, more
:
ح ف
-) 2
After, on, at, of, from, with, without, behind, beside, in, before, under. ----etc.
- Many people are worried about the effect of …………………...
( pollute )
:
My – his – her – its – your – our – their – 's
ض ئ
)3
' تأت ب ن اسم ن دائمs
The man‟s …………
) a, an , the )
:
ف
)4
-It is John's…………………..to make sure that orders are sent out on time. (responsible)
- Charles Dickens travelled to many countries, writing novels and giving talks about the
.................................. of slavery. ( cruel)
-The government is responsible for the...………of education and social services. (provide)
) لكن4-1 ( نستخد اس ب د أ من هذه الك م الس ب الت ذكر ف الن ط من
. إذا ك ن هن اس ب د ال را نضع ص. ج د اس ب د ال را
49
: مالحظ
بشرط عد
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
-
The ………………….of building land has forced the price up. (scarce)
- Earth has a …………………….supply of fossil fuels, so we need to find alternative
energy resources.
(finiteness)
Novels such as Oliver Twist and Dombey and Son highlighted the........................ treatment
of people, especially children, and child labour in the 19 th Century.
( cruelty )
:
-1 :
س
ق
صف الس
ص
س:) ص
(س
Too – very – so – be (is, am, are, was, were) - become – get – feel – look -seem
- People are ……………………..on fresh water.
-
(rely)
It follows Pip to London, where he becomes……………………..by his poor relations
and starts spending a lot of money.
(embarrass)
- Mr Brownlow tries to protect Oliver from the life of poverty and crime that seems...............
for him.
(inevitably)
be ب د الظرف شرط ان ك ن قبله ف ل من أف ل ال-)2
This car is extremely expensive.
: ستخد ف الح ال الت ل
)ال مل/حد ث ال ل
………………… ,
استخدا الظرف (الظرف صف دائم ك
ف بدا الجم شرط ج د ف ص ب د ال را-)1
*….………………, the Jordanian government has released the following notice to
commence raising awareness of this matter.
(consequent)
.) ئ س
The electric circuits in the school are …………….……..maintained.
( س
ف
-)2
(consistent)
The quality and standards of drinking water will be ……….…. monitored. (routine)
:
ا
This car is .............................expensive. (extreme)
People are taking too many fish from the oceans and ……………….there are not many
left.
(consequent)
50
-3
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
:
ح ال
ف
) س
.) do, does , did (
)س
ف
- )1
ح ف
- )2
Did you ……………… all your money in the bank? (investment)
.) to (
To remain successful in the future, the company will have to …………………. (diverse)
:
) modals (
ف
-)3
Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, have to, has to, had to, ought
to
My parents can't …………………..pop music.
Industry should ………………… more water.
(endurance)
(conservation)
Humans and animals are ………… (rely) on water to survive. ………………, (consequent)
living in a country where water is scarce requires a deep ………………….(understand) of
the relationship between mankind and nature. Whether we are part of a large business or a
small family, we must build a community feeling of …………………(accountable) for our
water supply, and use it with more regard for the world around us. The government provides
us with drinking water that is free from…………………… (pollute)s and the least we can
do is to make a …………….. effort (combine) to reduce our usage on a day-to-day basis.
QUESTION NUMBER TWO: (2016
)ش
Complete the following sentences with the suitable words derived from the words in
brackets and write the answers down in your ANSWER BOOKLET. (6 points)
1- Our daily …………………..of drinking water shouldn't be less than 6 cups. (consume)
2- People are cutting down trees from the forests……………….…….there aren't many left.
(consequent)
3- It is ………………to find different ways to produce energy. (necessitate)
51
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex.(6) wb.p. (36)Choose the best word or phrase to complete these sentences.
1- Earth has a finite /finished supply of fossil fuels, so we need to find alternative energy
resources.
2 -Your wellbeing / wellgoing is important, so you should look after yourself.
3 -The electric circuits in the school are consistently maintained / routine maintenanced.
4- People must assume responsible / accountability for their actions.
5- People are taking too many fish from the oceans and consequently / resulting there are
not many left.
6- People are needing / reliant on fresh water.
Answers: 1- finite 2- wellbeing 3- consistently maintained 4- accountability
5-consequently
6- reliant
Ex. (8) wb.p. (36) Writing
What kind of wildlife in Jordan do you think needs to be preserved? How can this be
done? Write around 50 words.
Wildlife in Jordan is in danger because of the irresponsible over hunting. Many birds and
animals are decreasing in number and our mission to preserve them. Law officials must
Increase penalties on hunters to decrease over hunting. We must spread awareness at
schools, local communities and even in media to preserve many kinds of animals and birds
to be extinct.
52
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Module
5
THE WRITTEN WORD
الك م المكت ب
Unit (7)
LITERATURE
األ
54
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Module (5)
Unit (7) STB.P.(58)
LITERATURE
Charles Dickens
journalist
a person whose job is to collect, write or publish news in
newspapers, magazines,…etc.
novelist
someone who writes novels.
narrator
clerk
the person who tells a story or explains what is
happening in a play, film, ……etc.
someone who keeps records or accounts in an office.
author
a person who writes a book.
lawyer
a person whose job is to give advice on legal matters.
playwright
a person who writes plays.
poet
a person who writes poems.
biography
an account of a person‟s life written by another person.
anthology
a collection of stories, poems or songs, etc. in a book.
slavery
the system of having slaves
ص
ائ
ا
ف
/
ف
55
ا
أ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
I think the novel about these social problems might make people more aware of them, but I
think it might take a very long time for people to start to take action. Also, people might
just think it is fiction.
Vocabulary: ex.(1) wb.p. (40) Complete the following paragraph with the words from
the box. One word is not needed.
writer,
poet, journalist, author,
novelist, narrator,
playwright
If you write any kind of published material, you are an (1) author. If you specifically write
for a newspaper or a magazine, you are a (2) journalist . However, if you write fictitious
narrative books, you are a (3) novelist . On the other hand, if you write shorter, rhyming
pieces, you are a (4) poet . If you write dialogue which will be performed by actors in a
theatre, you are a (5) playwright. If you like writing for pleasure, but you've never had
anything published, you might describe yourself as a (6) writer.
Ex. (1) stb.p. (60): Vocabulary: types of books. Complete the book descriptions with
the words in the box.
short stories ,
biography,
novel,
poetry,
play,
non-fiction
1 - Julius Caesar - a ____________________by Shakespeare.
2- Dombey and Son - a __________________ by Charles Dickens.
3 - A Child‟s Garden of Verses - a _______________anthology by Robert Louis
Stevenson.
4 - A Thousand and One Nights - a group of __________________told by a helpless
woman to keep herself alive.
5 - Shakespeare‟s Life by J. Maxwell - a __________________ of this famous playwright.
6 – All About Volcanoes - an informative _____________________ book.
58
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Answers: 1- play 2- novel 3- poetry 4- short stories 5- biography 6- non - fiction
Ex. (5) wb.p. (41)
Complete the following paragraph with the types of book from the box. One word is
not needed.
novel,
biography ,
play,
non-fiction,
anthology,
short stories
1- The life and work of Ibn Battuta: this ______________________ gives an account
of the journeys and Writings of the 14 th Century traveler.
2 - Wuthering Heights: a new edition of perhaps Emily Bronté's most famous
___________.
3 - The Young Person 's Encyclopaedia of Space: a _________________work that is an
essential reference book for all schoolchildren.
4- Poems of the Masters: a poetry _________________collecting the most
important works ever written.
5- Dubliners: an excellent collection of 15 __________________by James Joyce.
Answers: 1- biography 2- novel 3 - non-fiction 4- anthology 5- short stories
59
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Would +
like ,love,
hate, prefer
+ to + infinitive
I'd \ I would like to go away for a few days.
I would love to meet your family.
Would you prefer to have dinner now or later?
Poor old David! I would hate to have been in his position.
prefer + gerund :
I prefer staying home to going to the concert.
Prefer + infinitive :
I prefer to stay home rather than to go to the concert.
Some verbs can be followed by either an (infinitive or an -ing form), but there is
some difference in meaning. These include :
forget, remember, stop,
try
+ infinitive or an -ing form
Remember+gerund
This is when you remember something that has happened in the past.
I remember going to the beach when I was a child.
What do you remember doing when you were a child?
Remember+ to + infinitive
This is when you think of something that you need to do. (And usually, you then do
the thing).
I remembered to buy milk.
She remembered to send a card to her grandmother.
I must remember to call my parents.
Forget + gerund
This is the opposite of remember + gerund. It's when you forget about something
that you've done in the past.
Have we really studied this topic before? I forgot reading about it.
She forgot reading the book when she was a kid.
61
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Forget + to + infinitive
This is the opposite of remember + to + infinitive. It's when you want to do
something, but you forget about it.
I forgot to call my mother.
I forgot to buy milk.
She forgot to send a card to her grandmother.
** forget followed by a gerund usually occurs in a negative sentence or a question: e.g.,
I‟ll never forget, I can‟t forget, Have you ever forgotten, Can you ever forget.
What did you forget doing before you left for class this morning?
I‟ll never forget seeing the Alps for the first time. The sight was impressive.
Try + gerund
This is when you do something as an experiment with a new or different way to see
if it works.
Why
didn't you try calling her on her mobile to see if you could reach her?
I wanted to stop smoking, so I tried using nicotine patches.
Try + to + infinitive
This is when the thing you do itself is difficult and you don't succeed in doing it.
You make an effort.
I tried to lift the suitcase, but it was too heavy.
She tried to catch the bus, but she couldn't run fast enough.
I'm trying to learn English.
I tried to open the window, but I couldn't because it was stuck.
Stop + gerund
When we stop doing something it means the verb in the gerund is the thing that we
stop. It can mean 'stop forever' or 'stop at that moment'.
I stopped working when I was expecting a baby. (Working is the thing I
stopped).
62
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
My grandmother stopped driving when she was 85. (Driving is the thing she
stopped).
There was a fire alarm, so I stopped eating and went outside.
Stop + to + infinitive
In this case, we stop something else in order to do the verb in the infinitive.
I
stopped to eat lunch. (I stopped something else, maybe working or studying,
because I wanted to eat lunch.
She was shopping and she stopped to get a cup of coffee. (She stopped shopping
because she wanted to get a cup of coffee).
Look at the difference:
I
stopped smoking. (I gave up cigarettes OR I threw away my cigarette at that
moment).
I stopped to smoke. (I stopped doing something else because I wanted to have a
cigarette).
63
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
1. When I travel, I prefer ……………… to taking a plane. (drive)
2.I prefer …………………….rather than to take a plane. (drive)
3.I always remember ………………..off all the lights before I leave my house. (turn)
4.I can remember……………….very proud and happy when I graduated.(be)
5.Did you remember………………………..Jake my message. (give)
6.I'll never forget……………….my wife over the threshold when we moved into our first
home.
(carry)
7.I forgot …………………a book back to the library, so I had to pay a fine. (take)
8.I tried ………………..my eyes open, but I couldn't. (keep)
9.We tried ………………..the fire out but without success. (put)
10.Please leave me alone. I'm trying………………….. (concentrate)
11.I tried ……………………the shelf, but I wasn't tall enough. (reach)
12.The radio isn't working. I wonder what's wrong with it. Have you tried ……………the
batteries? (change)
13.I can't open the door. The key won't turn. Try ……………….it the other way.(turn)
14.I can't contact Fred. He's not at home. What shall I do? Why don't you try ……………his
office.(phone)
15.She stopped ………………….to classes when she got sick. (go)
16.I stopped …………………..last year.(smoke)
17.We were walking and we stopped …………………some juice. (drink)
1- driving
2- to drive 3-to turn
4-being 5- to give 6- carrying 7- to take 8- to keep
9- to put 10- to concentrate 11- to reach 12- changing 13- turning 14- phoning
15- going 16- smoking 17 – to drink
64
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex. (5) stb.p. (59)
Complete the summary of the text with the infinitive or gerund form of the verbs in
brackets. One of the verbs can be in both forms.
Charles was a quiet boy, who loved (1) _______________ (read). He remembered
_______________(listen) to children playing outside. When he was 12, Charles
no longer able (3) ______________ (attend) school regularly. At the age of 14, he stopped
(4) ______________ (go) to school altogether and started (5) _______________ (work) as
a clerk in a lawyer‟s office in London. After that, he began (6) _______________ (write)
pieces for the newspaper. He enjoyed (7) _______________(travel) very much too, and
travelled all over the world.
Answers: 1- reading 2- listening 3- to attend 4- going 5- working 6- to write \
writing 7- travelling
Ex. (6) stb.p. (59)
Work in pairs. Choose the correct alternative. Then ask and answer the questions.
1 - What do you prefer - playing/ to play sports or reading / to read?
2 - When did you start learning/ to learn English?
3 - What do you hope doing/ to do when you finish school?
4 - What do you enjoy to do /doing in your free time?
5 - Where do you want going/to go on holiday?
6 - What are you planning doing/ to do this
7 - Do you remember starting/ to start school for the first time?
8 - Would you ever consider moving/ to move to another country?
Answers: 1- playing \ reading 2- learning 3- to do 4- doing 5- to go
6- to do 7- starting
8- moving
65
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex. (2) wb.p. (40)
Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund form of the verbs in the box.
swim ,
ride,
have,
study,
play
1. I don't like ______________________ in the sea. It's too cold.
2. We wanted_____________________ tennis, but it was raining.
3. When l was younger, l loved____________________ my bike.
4. They suggested______________________ lunch at the Japanese restaurant.
5. He's hoping______________________ medicine at university.
Answers: 1- swimming
2- to play 3- riding
4- having
5- to study
Ex. (3) wb.p. (40)
Some of the verbs forms 1-7 in the following dialogue are incorrect. Rewrite them
correctly.
Huda: Hi Lubna, where are you going?
Lubna: I‟m Just off to the library. I want(1) taking out some books as we're going on
holiday tomorrow. I‟ve just finished (2) to read Jane Eyre. Have you read it?
Huda: Oh, I prefer (3) listening to books on CDS because I spend so much time(4) to
drive.
Lubna: I‟m considering (5) downloading e-books from the Internet. That way, I'll be able
(6) taking more books with me when I travel.
Huda: That's a good idea.
Lubna: Yes, I just love (7) to sit by the pool in the hotel with a great novel. Anyway, I'll
see you soon.
Huda: Enjoy your holiday!
1- to take out 2-reading 3- listening 4- driving 5- downloading 6- to take 7- sitting
66
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
fascinating,
ف/ سح
sympathetic,
realistic,
ف
rural,
ق
A- Author and type of book :
embarrassed,
immature
ح
ض
غ
ف
This is my favourite of all Charles Dickens' novels. It is a (1) _______________ story that
includes comedy and tragedy, reality and fantasy.
B - Setting and plot :
ح
The book is set in (2) ________________ England and high society in London. It begins
with Pip meeting and helping a man, Magwitch, who will later give him the money he
needs to
become a gentleman. It follows Pip to London, where he becomes (3) ___________ by his
poor relations and starts spending a lot of money. in the end, he is reminded of the true
value of life through experiences such as grief, love and family support. The novel ends
happily.
C - Main character :
ئس
ش ص
The story is told by the main character, Pip. On the one hand, Pip presents himself as an
(4) _________________character, having a deep desire to improve himself and become a
gentleman. This desire leads him to behave badly with the people who love him. On the
other hand, Pip shows that he is a generous and (5) __________________ character
through many acts of kindness that he performs towards the people who love him.
D - Opinion and reasons why you should read it :
س
I would recommend this novel to anyone who likes mysteries and novels set in the past. It
is a very (6) __________________ look at one person‟s process of growing up. It also
makes the important point that money cannot always buy happiness or make someone a
gentleman.
ANSWERS: 1- fascinating 2- rural 3- embarrassed 4- immature 5- sympathetic
6-realistic
68
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (7) stb.p. (62)
Reading
1- Read the blurb of Oliver Twist and answer the questions.
1 - Where and when does the story take place? In London during the 19 th century.
2 - Who is the main character? Oliver Twist.
Oliver Twist
ا لفر ت س
blurb
ف
a short description on a book or a product giving
ا
information about it.
endure
to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long
time without complaining.
outrage
a feeling of great anger and shock.
/
غ
ا/
industrialisation development of a lot of industry in a certain country
unheard of
or place.
very unusual
keep track of
to continue to be aware of something.
inevitable
certain to happen and impossible to avoid.
ا
/ف
69
غ
/
/
ا
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Read the review again and write answers the questions in your notebook.
1. What do the underlined words refer to?
His (2) ………………………They (9) …………………….. it
(17)………………………
2. Why is an early incident in the workhouse so important in the novel?
Oliver is persuaded by the older boys to ask for some more food, and because he does
this he is punished for it. This event is the cause of many of the following events in the
novel.
3. What does the reviewer of the book think of Dickens' writing style?
The reviewer thinks that Dickens is a skilled writer because he describes his characters
powerfully, and when you are reading you react with strong emotions to the events that
happen to the characters.
4. How does Dickens help the reader to remember all the different characters?
Dickens describes the character very well, and this helps the reader to keep vivid picture
of each character in their mind.
5. How does the reviewer feel about Mr Brownlow?
The reviewer likes Mr brownlow best out of all the characters because he is a kind and
generous man who rescues Oliver.
6. What negative opinion does the reviewer give about the novel?
The reviewer says that the pace is uneven, which makes it confusing to read at the end.
7. Re-read the last paragraph of the review and translate it into Arabic.
أ ا
ال.
أف
ئف ا ا
ا
ا
األ ا ا
فال, ا ص
ا غ
.
72
ا
اال
ا
.
ف ا
ف األ
خ ا
غ
ا ال
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Module
5
STB.P.(64)
Unit (8)
COMMUNICATION
اال/ ا اص
73
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
STB.P.(64)
Unit (8)
COMMUNICATION
Before you begin
The language of Braille
لغ بر ل
1 -How do blind people read? Discuss with a partner.
blind people read using a system of raised dots called Braille. They can also use computer
software and talking books to hear the text read aloud.
drumbeat
a sound of someone hitting a drum.
institute
an organization that has a particular purpose
such as scientific or educational.
simultaneously
happening at exactly the same time.
tactile
connected with your sense of touch.
ا
"
/
ص
ا
ف
/
signal
ص
picture
أ
alphabet
symbol
ئ اإل ال ا
mass media
ف ا
Braille
:
خص
newspaper
/
software
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ا
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5 - How does technology nowadays help blind people communicate?
Text on a screen can be heard aloud, and talking books that also have the words in Braille
are also available.
6 - Do you think Braille is a practical way for the blind to communicate? Justify your
answer.
I think Braille is practical for blind people because it uses a sense that they have. It could
be very slow though, as reading with your fingers might take longer.
7- In your opinion, could there be another way for the blind people to "read" in the future?
Explain.
I think that, because technology is developing so fast, there will be many more efficient
ways for blind people to communicate in the future.
8- Do you think blind people should be able to go to the same schools as people who can
see? Why / Why not?
In my opinion, blind people should have the choice to go to the same schools as people
who can see. If they want to go, and if they can cope with very little help, they should be
given the right so that they can see feel like they are leading a normal life.
EX. (1) WB.P (44): Vocabulary
1- Complete the following paragraph with words related to written communication.
You are given the first letter.
People first started written communication through (1) p …………………. and drawings
on cave walls. When the (2) a ……………………… was invented, it became a lot easier
for people to communicate. This writing system was made up of letters and (3)
s………………
which represented sounds. Then, when(4) m………………m………………….. prevailed,
it introduced the whole world to (5) n………………………. and magazines. However, the
blind could not benefit from these forms of communication, and that's when the language
of (6) B……………………….was invented.
Answers : 1- paintings
Braille
2- alphabet
3- symbols
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4- mass media 5- newspaper
6-
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (8)
Grammar : Time expressions: when, by the time (that), before, while
We use time expressions in dependent clauses to give extra information about when events
(in the main clause) took place.
We use (when) to describe an event that took place at the same time as the main
action.
When we sat down to eat, the phone rang.
It can also be used with the Past Perfect to talk about an event that finished before the
event in the main clause.
When we had finished eating, the phone rang.
We use (by the time) to show that one activity was finished before the other one.
By the time that I arrived at the station, the train had left.
'We use (before) to Say that one action happened before another.
Before I went to bed, I read a chapter of my book.
Before I met my pen friend, I had never met an Australian.
We use (while) to link two events that happened at the same time.
While I was reading my book, my brother was watching television.
While I was taking a bath, the doorbell rang.
By the time that I arrived at the station, the train had left.
What's the function of using By the time in the above sentence?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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Narrative tenses :صص
س
س
Simple past:
Subject + v (2) + object + complement.
ض
(1)
Function: we use past simple for completed events in the past.
: س
Yesterday:
Last + {
أ
) ( الئ
ف
in 1990, in 2002 --- etc.
→ } فlast week, last month, last year, last night, last time, ---- etc.
I went to Amman yesterday.
12345-
/
ago:
ض
\
She cleaned the kitchen last night.
The thief --------------- my car yesterday. ( steal)
My brother -------------------- from Yarmouk University in 2002. (graduate)
I ------------------ some new clothes last week. (buy)
John ----------------- a new English course two weeks ago. (start)
Serious forest fires ------------------- large areas of forests in the 1990s. (destroy)
Negative : س
ض
Subject + didn’t +v (inf.) + object + complement.
Marwan ………………………. (not, come) to school yesterday.
She ……………………..(not, phone) me last night.
Question
:
س
ض
Did + subj+ v (inf.) + object + complement+?
……………you ………………. (see) the king on TV yesterday?
……………he ………………… (invite) you to his birthday party last week?
Wh (question)+ did +subj +v (inf.) + object + complement+?
What …………you ……………… (do) last night?
Where ………………your brother ……………… (go) yesterday evening?
79
س
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Past perfect:
Subj + had + v (3) + obj. + complement
ض
(2)
ل حد ث عن ف ل حدث ف الم ض انت قبل حد ث ف ل آخر ه الم ض البس ط ( عب رة عن ف ن:استخدامه
.) ال ل الذ حدث أ ال ك ن م ض ت الث ن ك ن م ض بس ط,م ض ن احدهم حدث انت قبل اآلخر
An event that happened earlier, before other past event.
:الظر ف الزمن الت تدل ع ه
After:
before:
ق
by the time :
ق
when:
We went out after we had locked all the doors.
The burglars had gone away when the police arrived.
By the time I got to school, the bell had rung.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
She ------------------ (drink) a cup of milk before she went to sleep.
By the time I got home the others ------------------- (eat) all the food.
The audience left after the concert ----------------------- (finish).
The guests ------------------- (leave) when I arrived.
They had tidied their room by the time their parents ----------------- (arrive).
Negative :
Subj + had + not + v (3) + obj. + complement
ض
By the time I was twelve, I still had not been fishing.
Until the 15th century, it ………………… (not, be) possible to reach thousands of readers
at the same time.
Had+ subj + v (3) + obj. + complement+?
Question :
ض
* …………. You …………….. (finish) all your work by this morning?
* …………….you ……………. (study) French before you became a translator?
Wh (question)+ had+ subj + v (3) + obj. + complement+?
How long …………….. you ……………… (study) French before you became a
translator?
Who ……………… ……(learn) to speak two languages by the time he was five?
80
س
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س
Past continuous:
(. س
ض
آخ
ف
ح
ض
ح
(3)
س
ض
.) ق
ف
س
ح
ف
ح
Subj. +was \were + (v(inf.)+ ing ) + obj + comp.
Function: to talk about unfinished actions at a point of time in the past.
while :
\
when :
\
\ ح
as:
ف
:
1- I was watching TV when my father came in.
2- The boy found the keys while he was playing in the garden.
3- I met her as she was waiting for her friend.
:
ا
ال ف
ف/
(while)
While I was reading my book, my brother was watching television.
While I was taking a bath, the door bell rang.
1- Huda …………………. (sleep) when the phone rang.
2- While they ………………….. (write) the lesson the teacher arrived.
3- She was cooking when her husband …………………… (enter) the kitchen.
4- I …………………….(read) a magazine when my brother left.
81
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Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex.(5) stb.p.(65) : Narrative tenses
Choose the correct alternative in the sentences from the text.
1- Until the 15” century, it wasn’t /hadn’t been possible to reach thousands of readers at
the same time.
2- Louis Braille first saw the system of dots when an officer in the military in France was
visiting/had visited the Royal institute of the Blind, in Paris.
3 -This method of communication was catching/caught the attention of Louis Braille, a
young man who studied/ was studying at the Institute.
4- After many years of work, Louis Braille was improving and completing/ had
improved and completed the system of raised dots.
5- By 1868 CE, blind people all over the world had used/ were using Braille every day.
Answers: 1- hadn‟t been 2- was visiting 3- caught\ was studying 4- had improved and completed
were using
5-
Ex.(6) stb.p.(65) Read the following text about an organisation which distributes the Holy Qur'an
in Braille. put the verbs 1-8 in the correct form (Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Continuous).
Mohammad Balw (1) …………..………….(work) as a flight attendant when his vision (2)
…………………….(start) to get worse. He had to take early retirement from his job as a
flight attendant at Saudi Arabian Airlines where he(3) …………………….(work) for 13
years. During this time, he (4) ………………………(establish), the‟ Meals for the Blind‟
project, which became famous in 1992 CE. Mohammad (5)…………………. (to be)
worried about the lack of provision for people with low vision and other sight disabilities,
so he decided to start a centre for vision rehabilitation in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The
centre's services were set up in 2002 CE after Mohammad (6) …………………...(received)
funding from different organisations. While Mohammad (7)…………………….. (set up)
his centre, Ebsar, Lighthouse International trained six professionals to be ready to
rehabilitate people with low vision. ‟After Ebsar had been formally recognised,
Mohammad (8)………………….(begin) to set up other projects, one of which was the
distribution of the Holy Qur'an, in Braille format, throughout the Arab world.
Answers: 1- was working 2- started
6- had received
3- had worked
7- was setting up
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4- established 5- was
8- began
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex.(2) wb.p. (44)
Choose the correct form of the verbs to complete the summary about Braille.
While Louis Braille (1) was studying/ had studied at the Royal Institute of the Blind in
France in 1821 CE, a young military officer (2) demonstrated / was demonstrating the
system of dots he(3) had invented / was inventing. After Braille (4) had seen / was
seeing the system, he (5) had worked/ worked for many years to improve and complete
the communication method that soldiers used. He (6) created/ was creating a reading
system that used six dots in 64 combinations of letters, numbers and symbols. Blind people
could 'read' this by running their fingers lightly across the page. Sixteen years after the
death of Louis Braille, blind people (7) were using/had used Braille all over the world.
Answers: 1- was studying 2- demonstrated 3- had invented 4- had seen
5- worked
6- created
7- were using
Ex.(3) wb.p. (44)
Each of these sentences has an incorrect verb form. Rewrite the sentences using the
correct form of the verbs.
1- I wrote an email when the phone rang. ……………………………………………….
2 - People were finding simple ways to communicate before writing was invented.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 - While he was staying in Paris, he had visited his grandparents.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4- We were taking a taxi because the bus didn't come.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5 –My daughter learnt the alphabet by the time she started school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answers:1- was writing 2- found 3- visited
4- took 5- had learnt
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they (1) they (2) they (3) they (4) → researchers
which (5) → The card
He (6) → a grandparent
He (7) → A spokesperson for the post office
her (8) She (9) → a girl called Laura Buxton
it (10) it (11) it (13) it (14) it (18) → a helium-Filled balloon.
who (12) his (15) → The man
who(16) They (17) → the Buxtons
→ An artist \
her (19)she (20) she (21) she (22) she (24)
the woman
She (25) her (27) She (29 ) she (30) her (32) her (33)
them (23) them(26) . them (28) them (31) → text messages
vocabulary: Means of communication
3- Underline all of the words that are forms of communication in the articles. One word has
been done for you. Which words are written forms of communication?
gestures, signs, signals, response, postcard, card, mail, messages, notebooks, phone, book
written forms of communication: postcard, card mail, text message, notebook, book
Comprehension
4- Read the articles again and answer the questions.
1 - What do the words in bold refer to?
They (1) researchers
it (10) a helium-Filled balloon. its: A postcard
2 - What are the four forms of communication in the four articles?
Gestures , postcard ,
written message,
mobile phone message
3- How do chimpanzees communicate with each other, according to the scientists in
Borneo?
They use at least 66 gestures.
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4- Why did the postcard take such a long time to be delivered?
The postcard had been put in a postbox again, so it had probably left somewhere.
5 - Why did the man in southern England take the balloon that he had found to his
neighbours?
The man‟s neighbour‟s daughter was called Laura Buxton.
6 - Why do you think that the book of text messages was published?
I think that the book was published because text messages are seen as completely
temporary, and it is an interesting idea to make them into something permanent.
7 - Our idea of communication has changed dramatically in the last 100 years. How do you
think it will change in the next 100 years?
I think communication will become even easier, and perhaps you will just be able to think
of the person you want to send a message to, and a message will be sent.
8 - Letters are still often sent between friends, even though we can just send an email
instead. Justify this statement.
I think people still send letters because a letter is an object that you can keep. It has
sentimental value.
89
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Reading ex.(5) wb.p. (45)Complete the following text about sign language with the
words from the box.
deaf: أص
system :
communication : اص
gesture :
sign :
/
ال
Sign language as we know it today originated in 1755 CE, when a Frenchman, Charles
Michel de L'Epee, started a school for deaf people in Paris. His form of (1) _____________
consisted of gestures, hand signs and finger spelling. The L'Epée system was the first
example of French (2) ___________ language.
Around the same time, in 1778 CE in Germany, Samuel Heinicke was working on
(3)___________________ to teach deaf people how a to read lips. Meanwhile, in Britain,
Thomas Braidwood opened the first school for the (4) ____________ in 1783 CE. At that
time, students were using his form of sign language. Later, this became British Sign
Language. In 1816 CE, after he had seen people using sign language in Paris, an American,
Dr Gallaudet, introduced the system in the USA. This combined with various (5) ________
that deaf people were still using in the USA at the time, formed American Sign Language.
Answers: 1- communication
2- sign
3- system
4- deaf
5- gestures
Ex .(6) wb.p. (45) Answer the following questions about sign language:
1 - Write a definition of sign language using all the words in the box from exercise 5 in one
sentence.
Sign language is a system of communication designed for the deaf, which contains of
gestures, signs and finger spelling.
2 - Which countries introduced sign language in the 18th century?
France , Germany, and Britain.
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Ex .(9) wb.p. (46)
Answer the following questions about the text in exercise 8.
1- What are the teenagers in paragraph 1 doing? Why is this surprising?
The teenagers have met up to see each other, but they are not talking; instead they are
sitting together at a table, playing on their phones. It is surprising because they have not
seen each other for a fairly long time.
2- In your own words, explain what the writer means by „the teen technology revolution'.
The writer means that teenagers now have access to the newest technology available, and
they are using it in ways particular to teenagers. This means that their most important
possession is their mobile phone.
3 - Does the writer feel that teenagers have the right balance between communicating via
technology and talking face-to-face? Explain your answer
The writer says that teenagers have made communication new and different, but that they
don't have do not have the right balance between technology and talking face-to- face. he
says that they think that socialising face to face and communicating on social networks are
the same thing.
4 - What are the main problems that instant messaging has caused?
Instant messaging has caused the problem of using „text speak' in more formal situations
like emails, essays and face-to-face conversations.
5 - Do you agree with the writer's recommendation in the last paragraph? Why / Why not?
I agree with the writer that face-to-face conversations are more important because they help
us to remember how to behave in public, and they also help us to feel more connected to
the people around us, even more than technology does.
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Module
6
World cultures
الع ل
ثق ف
93
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Module
6
Unit (9)
Food
الطعام
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Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Module
6
STB.P.(72)
Different cultures, different food
Unit (9)
Food :
ا
ف
,
ف
/
aromatic
having a strong, pleasant smell.
chop
to cut something such as food or wood into smaller pieces.
ceviche
a sea food dish made with raw fish marinated in citrus juice.
stew
a dish made of meat and vegetables cooked together slowly in
liquid.
marinate
to put any kind of meat in a mixture of oil, citrus and spices for
some time.
durian
an exotic fruit found in Asia that has a very strong smell.
season
to add salt or pepper to food so that it tastes better.
spiky
having long sharp points.
ا ائ
ء
)
(
ف
ئ
spiced
ف
mansaf
ئ
raw
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it (1) It’s(2) Its(3) it (4) it (5) it (6)
→ the fruit (the durian)
It’s (7) which (8) It (9) it (10) it (12) it (14) → the stew (ceviche)
he (13) he (14) → Robert
It's (15) It's (16) It's (17) it (18) it (19) → Jordan‟s national dish, mansaf
she (20) → Ramzi's mum
ex. (4). Stb.p.(73)
Read and listen to the text again and answer the questions.
1 - What do the underlined words refer to?
It’s(3)………………….... which (7)…………………….. it (18)………………………
2 - Why are durians banned in many countries?
Because their smell is so strong.
3 - Do you think a dish made from flowers would taste good? Why? Why not?
I think yes, because flowers are aromatic.
4 - Why didn't Robert want to try ceviche at first?
Because he didn‟t want to eat raw fish.
5 - Steven talks about Jordanian hospitality. Why do you think there is this custom of
feeding guests a lot of food?
I think the custom of feeding guests a lot of food comes from ancient traditions when
people used to travel long distances and would need to stop and eat at your house.
Hospitality and generosity were even more important back then.
97
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6 – If you don't like the food that a host offers you, what do you think you should do?
Why?
I think you should still eat it and appreciate your host‟s generosity, saying thank you
when you finish your food.
Ex.(1) wb.p.(49)
Find the synonyms of the words in the box from sentences 1- 4 and write both words in the
gaps below. Then write your own sentence using the additional word in the box.
marinated ,
spiced,
raw ,
seasoned , mansaf,
stew
1- Ceviche is a dish that is made from uncooked fish.
=_______________=______________
2 - The dish in South Africa is made from flowers.
=_______________=________________
3- I like chicken dishes that are soaked in lemon juice.
=_______________=______________
4- When food is spiced with herbs, it tastes better.
=_______________=________________
5_________________________________________________________________________
Answers: 1- uncooked = raw
4- spiced = seasoned
2- dish= stew
5-
3- soaked = marinated
Mansaf is my favourite dish.
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Grammar : The causative:
ا
have/get/want something done
We use the causative to talk about actions which we caused to happen. When we have or
get something done for us, we cause it to happen. We use the causative to say that we do
not do an action, but instead ask someone else to do it for us.
We use verbs like have, get and want in the causative.
Subj.+ have/get/want + (obj.) noun \ pronoun + past participle v (3)
1. I had my teeth checked by a dentist.
2. I will get my car fixed tomorrow.
3. I want my lawn mowed today, please. Have you got time?
We use (have and get) to mean the same thing :( we can say get something done mainly
in informal spoken English)
I had my hair cut [by a hairdresser] yesterday.
I got my hair cut [by a hairdresser] yesterday.
The meaning of both these sentences is ‘My hair was cut by a hairdresser yesterday,
after I asked him/her to cut it.'
We use want as a causative to talk about wanting something to be done.
I want my house repainted so I'm going to phone a decorator.
I wanted my suit cleaned so I took it to a dry cleaner‟s.
The meanings of these sentences are ‘I wanted someone to repaint my house so I
phoned a decorator' and 'I wanted someone to clean my suit, so I took it to a dry
cleaner's.'
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:
ا
ال
ف
) have (
1. Simple present
I clean my car weekly.
I have my car cleaned weekly.
Simple present negative
I don't clean my car myself.
I have my car cleaned.
He doesn't clean her car herself.
He has her car cleaned.
2. simple past
I cleaned my car yesterday.
I had my car cleaned yesterday.
Simple past negative
I didn't clean my car myself.
I had my car cleaned
3.
I have cleaned my car.
I have had my car cleaned.
He has cleaned his car.
He has had his car cleaned.
I have never cleaned my car myself.
I have had my car cleaned.
He has never cleaned his car
himself.
He has had his car cleaned.
4. future with will
I will clean my car today.
I will have my car cleaned today.
negative future with will
I won't clean my car myself.
I will have my car cleaned
5. future with going to
I am going to clean my car.
I am going to have my car
cleaned.
present perfect
present perfect negative
negative future with going I am not going to clean my car
to
myself.
They aren't going to clean their car
themselves.
I will ...... → I will have
I am going to ..... → I am going to have
I want to ...... → I want to have
I need to .... → I need to have
100
I am going to have my car cleaned
They are going to have their car
cleaned.
ا
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Rewrite
She cleans the curtains every month.
She ……………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
I test my eyes regularly.
I ………………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
She doesn‟t repair her car herself.
She ……………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
They don‟t clean their clothes themselves.
They ……………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
He fixed his car yesterday.
He ………………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
He didn‟t fix his car himself.
He ………………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
She has painted her nails.
She ………………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
She has never painted her nails herself.
She ………………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
He will cut his hair.
He ………………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
He won‟t cut his hair himself.
He ………………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
They are going to rebuild their house.
They ……………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
They aren‟t going to rebuild their house themselves.
They ……………………………………………………………………(have \ get)
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a. I couldn‟t repair my computer myself. I had to have it……………….. (repair) by
computer experts.
b. We didn‟t build our own house. We had it ……………….. (build) by a local
construction company.
c. Brides rarely make their own wedding dresses. They have them ………………. (make)
by specialist dressmakers.
d. People don‟t service their cars themselves; they professionally have them
………………… (service) two or three times a year.
e. I‟ve got a really bad toothache, so I‟m going to the dentist this afternoon. I might have to
have a tooth ……………………… (take) out.
f. She tried mending her glasses, but she couldn‟t. She had to have them ……………… by
the optician she had bought them from.
(mend)
_________________________________________________________________________
a. I didn‟t repair the car myself. I had it ……………………… (repair).
b. My mother dyed her own dress blue. She didn‟t have it ……………………… (dye)
c. She didn‟t make the dress herself. She had it ……………………… (make)
d. He isn‟t going to take his own photo. He is going to have it ……………………… (take)
e. My brother cut his own hair. He didn't have it ……………………… (cut)
f. My neighbour painted his own house. He didn't have it ……………………… (paint)
g. My father doesn‟t clean his car himself. He has it ……………………… (clean)
h. We didn‟t cut down the trees in our garden ourselves. We had them ………………..(cut)
down.
________________________________________________________________________
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Ex.(5)stb.p.(73) In your notebook, rewrite the following sentences in your own words..
1- We had it picked right from the tree. →
Someone picked it right from the tree for us.
2 -We got it cut open and chopped. → We asked someone to cut it open and chop it up for
us.
3 -We had the flowers cooked with meat and vegetables. → a chef cooked the flowers
with meat and vegetables.
4- Robert didn't want it served raw at first. → Robert didn‟t want anyone to give him the
food raw at first.
5 - We had it prepared by Ramzi's mum. →
Ramzi's mum prepared it for us.
6 –I want my favourite dish prepared the first day l arrive. → I would like someone to
make me my favourite dish when I first arrive.
Ex.(6)stb.p.(73) : Speaking Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer questions
using the following ideas. Start your questions Have you ever or When did you last
1- have / hair / cut?
2- have / bike / fixed?
When did you last have your hair cut?
Have you ever had your bike fixed?
3- have/ clothes / dry-cleaned?
4 -have/ suit / fitted?
Have you ever had your clothes dry-cleaned?
Have you ever had a suit fitted?
5- get/ professional photo / taken?
Have you ever had a professional photo taken?
6 -get/ car/ washed?
When was the last time you got the car washed?
7- get / teeth / cleaned?
Have you ever got your teeth cleaned?
8 -get / favourite food / prepared? When was the last time you got your favourite food
prepared?
Ex.(2)wb.p.(49): Reorder the words to make sentences in the causative.
1- flowers / had / we / arranged /for / sister's / my / wedding→ We had flowers arranged
for my sister's wedding.
2- the / explained /wanted / again / I / lesson→ I wanted the lesson explained again.
3- sent/ letter / to / got /the /I / France → I got the letter sent to France.
4- friend / best / wanted / photo / I / a / with /taken / my → I wanted a photo taken with my
best friend.
4- car / Dad / fixed / his / yesterday / had → Dad had his car fixed yesterday.
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Ex.(3)wb.p.(49): These sentences should be in the causative. Find the mistakes and
write the correct sentences on the lines below.
1 - I‟m going to cut my hair at the new hairdresser's. → I‟m going to have my hair cut at
the new hairdresser's.
2 - She needs to repaired her car. →
She needs to have her car repaired.
3 - I need to mended the air conditioning unit. → I need to get \ have the air conditioning
unit mended
4- They will that broken window fixed. →
They will have that broken window fixed.
5 -He had his favourite meal cook by a chef. →
He had his favourite meal cooked by a
chef.
6- I repaired my phone after I dropped it. →
I had \ got my phone repaired after I dropped
it.
Ex.(4)wb.p.(49): These sentences are in the causative or the active forms. Make any
changes necessary to improve the meaning.
1- I want to take my photo in front of Buckingham Palace. → I want to have my photo
taken in front of Buckingham Palace.
2- I need to paint the bathroom. I‟ll call the painter today. →I need to have the bathroom
painted. I‟ll call …..
3- I made breakfast for the family this morning. → no change.
4- I dry-cleaned my suit yesterday. → I had my suit dry – cleaned yesterday.
5 - I wrote an email to my aunt this afternoon. → no change.
6- Go and get your hands washed. They're very dirty. → go and wash your hands. They're
very dirty.
2016
ش
(4 points)
Rewrite the following sentences using the causative verb forms (get / have) something done:
1- Go and check your car engine, it's very noisy.
Go and …………………………………………………………………………….
2- I want to build my new house near my old school.
I want ……………………………………………………………………………
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Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
STB.P.(74)
Unit (9)
The history of pizza
ا
خا
basil
a sweet – smelling herb used in cooking.
chef
a skilled cook, especially the head cook in a restaurant.
herb
a small plant that is used to improve the taste of food.
ا
ئ
ingredients all the types of food you use to make a particular dish.
shield
a protective thing that soldiers used, made of a large piece of
metal or leather.
stall
a small shop with an open front, especially outdoors.
yeast
a substance used for making bread rise.
105
/
خ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Comprehension
Ex. (3) stb.p.(75): Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 - What do the underlined words refer to?
their (7)………….…… when(8)…… .......……… them (12) ………………… Its
(21)……………………
1- The text describes five kinds of pizza since its creation. What are they?
1- The soldiers‟ pizza, with cheese and dates.
and honey.
3- Flat bread baked in Pompeii.
Naples.
2- Flat, round bread with olive oil, herbs
4- Bread with added tomatoes in
5- The Margherita, with basil, mozzarella and tomatoes.
3 - Do you think the origin of pizza is from Peru, Pompeii or Naples? Justify your answer.
I think the origin of pizza is from Naples because the Italian pizza is the best throughout the
world.
4- Pizzas are not healthy for everyone. Can you suggest why?
Some people might do more exercise than others, so the bread base is not healthy for them.
5 - What would you add to the soldiers‟ pizza to make it even healthier? Why?
You could replace the dates with fresh vegetables because the latter are better for you than
sweet fruit.
EX.(6) WB.P.(50) READING: Complete the pizza menu using the words in the box. One word
is not needed:
oven ,
ف
herbs ,
ا
Pizzeria Expert
baked,
recipe,
خ
ص
:
ط
chicken,
ingredients,
vegetables,
ا
seafood
خ
خ
All our pizzas are (1) baked in our special (2) …………………… using the freshest (3)
……………………… these include ripe tomatoes from Italy and the finest cheeses.
Pizza Herbivore
:
أل ش
آ
Three of the most popular (4) ……………………… are used to flavor the cheese and
tomatoes on this delicious pizza: basil, oregano and parsley.
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Marine Pizza:
ح
This (5) …………………. Pizza will delight those of you who love all kinds of fish.
Meat Feast : ح
This is a carnivore‟s dream with plenty of beef and (6) ………………….. .
Vegetarian :
Mushrooms onions and peppers are the main (7) …………………….that top this healthy
pizza.
Answers:
vegetables
2- oven
3- ingredients
4- herbs 5 – seafood
6- chicken
7-
EX.(7) WB.P.(50) : Answer the following questions
1- What types of pizza can you name other than the ones mentioned in exercise 6?
Margherita, pepperoni pizza and garlic chicken pizza.
2- Which of the pizzas mentioned in exercise6 do you prefer? justify your answer.
Marine pizza. It‟s too healthy.
2- What kind of vegetables would you have in a vegetarian pizza?
Tomatoes, green pepper and garlic.
EX.(8) WB.P.(50)
Look at the list of recommended daily servings and the chart showing what Hind Amer and
Jihad eat each day. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences. Then,
complete the table and write about your eating habits.
Recommended daily servings are:
Fats and sugars: very little
109
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Fruit: 2- 4
Vegetables: 3- 5
Proteins: 2- 3
X= serving
Hind
Amer
Jihad
Me
Number of
servings of
sweets
Number of
servings of
fruit
Number of
servings of
vegetables
Number of
servings of
meat
XX XXXX
XX
X
X
XXXX
XXXXX
XX
XX XXXX
X
XXXXXXX
XXXXX
X
1- Hind eats too many/ doesn’t eat enough sweets. She doesn’t eat enough /eats too
much fruit.
2- Amer eats the correct amount of / doesn’t eat enough fruit .He eats too much /
doesn't eat enough meat.
3- Jihad doesn't eat too many/enough sweets. He eats the correct amount of/ too much
fruit.
4 _______________________________________________________________________
Answers: 1- too many\ too much 2- eats the correct amount of \ eats too much 3-too many \
too much. 4- I eat the correct amount of fruit. I don‟t eat too many sweets.
EX.(9) WB.P.(51): Match the methods of cooking with the definitions. One word is
not needed.
roast: ّ ص
melt :
ّ
fry :
grill :
1- roast; cook in the oven
2- _____________: cook in a pan with a little bit of butter or oil.
3 ______________: cook in very hot water on the stove.
4 _______________: cook under a hot part of the oven.
Answers: 2- fry 3- boil 4- grill
110
boil :
/
غ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
ط
Cooking verbs:
ف
roast: ّ ص
melt :
ّ
fry :
sprinkle:
marinate:
chop:
slice: ائ
ى
ا
cut :
dice:
grill :
mix :
ا
/
boil :
/
season:
cook :
غ
/
add: ف
turn :
Ex. (6) stb.p.(77)
A- My favourite dish is lamb and white beans. My mother (1) boils \ grills the beans in
salted water. She also (2) chops \ marinates the lamb overnight in olive oil, lemon
juice and spices. Then she (3) grates \ roasts it in the oven, and serves the beans
next to it. Before we eat, we (4) sprinkle \ melt fresh herbs, salt and pepper on the
dish. It's delicious, and also very healthy.
B- To make tabouleh, (5) fry \ chop the vegetables into small pieces and (6) grill \ mix
them with olive oil and lemon. Make sure you (7) slice \ season the dish well with
salt and pepper. tabouleh is salad, and so it is extremely healthy.
C- My favourite snack is cheese on toast. I like to (8) sprinkle \ slice the cheese into
thick pieces and (9) boil \ melt it under the grill. It's delicious! I can't have this snack
very often because too much cheese is unhealthy, but it's alright if I only eat it
occasionally.
2016
ش
Study the following sentence and answer the question below.
(2 points)
I have to melt fresh herbs, salt and pepper on the dish before I serve it.
Replace the underlined cooking verb with the correct one.
…………………………………………………………………………………
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Module
6
Unit (10)
ANCIENT
CIVILISATIONS
ا
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Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (10)
ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS
WHO WERE THE NABATEANS?
من ك ن ا األنب ط ؟
carve
to cut shapes out of solid wood or stone.
commercial
related to business and the buying or selling of goods and
services.
conservation
the protection of natural things such as animals, plants,
forests, etc. to prevent them from being spoiled or
destroyed.
illiterate
not having learnt to read or write.
inscription
a piece of writing carved into a stone, rock, etc.
trade (v.)
to buy and sell goods and services, etc.
114
) ّ (أ
غ
أ
/
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
who (1)\ they (2)\ they (4)\ They (5) \ their (6) \ they (8) \ → the Nabateans
who (3) → the Nabateans
they (7) → Roman writers
they (9) → archaeologists
who (10) \ they (11) → the Nabateans
ex. (3) stb.p. (79)
Comprehension: Read and listen to the text again and answer the questions.
1- What do the underlined words refer to?
they (2 ) …………………… \ They (5) ……………………. \ they (7)
…………………….
they (9) ………………………\ they (11) ………………………..
2- Where did the Nabateans choose to live after emigrating from Arabia? Why do you think
they chose to live in these places?
The Nabateans chose to live in southern Jordan, the Naqab Desert and northern Arabia. I
think it is because of its convenient positions from a commercial point of view.
3 - What evidence is there to show that the Nabateans were excellent engineers?
There are the remains of complicated water storage systems in Petra.
4 - How was the Nabatean culture different from other ancient cultures?
It was different because they probably didn't have slaves.
5 - Why do you think 'no one knows for sure‟ about the culture of the Nabateans?
I think no one knows for sure about the Nabateans because so much has been destroyed,
but also perhaps because there has not been enough advance in archaeological technology.
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6- Do you think we will discover more about the Nabateans in the future? If so, why and
how? If not, why not?
I think we will discover more about the Nabateans because people are still working to find
out, and there will be better technology in the future.
7- The Nabateans were nomads before they chose to settle in Petra. What reasons can you
think of that might have influenced them to settle?
I think the Nabateans might have been influenced by their discovery of better place to
live. It might have had a better climate, for example
Vocabulary: Ex. (1) WB.p. (53)
Complete the following sentences related to ancient civilizations with words from the box.
One word is not needed.
settling :
majestic:
remains:
/ ف
آ/
inhabitants:
illiterate: ّ أlifestyle:
/
1- The ………………..of this city were living in peace.
2- The ………………… history of this civilization is carved in the city's stones.
3- The Nabateans were not ……………………… because archaeologists have found
some inscriptions.
4- The …………………..of a past civilization tell us a lot about its culture.
5- Nomadic people kept traveling and …………………… in different places.
Answers: 1- inhabitants
2- majestic
3- illiterate 4- remains
117
5-settling
أ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Unit (10)
ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS
The ancient people of Crete
القد
شع كر
ash
the soft grey powder that remains after something has
been burnt, also coming from a volcano.
deposit
a layer of a mineral, metal or anything else that gradually
develops in a particular place due to natural processes or
disasters.
eruption
the explosion that happens when a volcano sends smoke,
fire and rock into the sky.
paved
a path, etc., covered with a hard level surface such as
blocks of stone or concrete.
ّ
tsunami
a huge wave that flows over the land and destroys things.
أ ا
terrifying
extremely frightening
overflow
of river or lake, when it is so full that water inside flows
over the edge.
ا
/
ا
/ف
غ/
cattle
/
piece together
navy
118
غ
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
it (1) → The Minoan civilisation
they (2) \ they (4) \ their (5) \ their (6) → The Minoans
which (3) → a powerful navy
they (7) → deposits
They (8) → Experts
there! (9) → Santorini
Ex. (4) - Comprehension
Read the text again and answer the questions
1- What do the underlined words refer to?
it (1) ………………….. they (2) …………………… they (7) ………………………..
2 - How did the Minoans contribute to the development of civilisation?
By introducing paved roads and running water.
3 - Why is the disappearance of the Minoan civilisation a mystery?
Because they were a strong civilization for a long time, even rebuilding their cities after an
earthquake.
4 - What evidence made the experts believe that Crete was hit by tsunamis?
Because deposits of ash, marine species, cattle bones and Seashells have been found in the
soil.
5- If a civilisation from our days disappeared all of a sudden, what kind of evidence do you
think it would leave behind it?
I think a civilization would leave behind examples of recent technology and also everyday
life.
6- Would the disappearance of the civilization mentioned in question 5 above be a mystery
for experts hundreds of years later? Why / Why not?
I think it might be difficult to understand, years later, because daily life will have changed a
lot since it was destroyed.
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Ex. (5) stb.p.(81): vocabulary : natural disasters :
Complete the following paragraph with the words related to natural disasters from
the box.
earthquake: ا
volcano:
flood:
ف
tsunami:
أ ا
tornado :
Natural disasters happen all around the world; they can sometimes destroy cities and whole
civilisations. A (1) _____________ happens when it rains too much. A large amount of
water would overflow from a river or from a dam. Another natural disaster is the (2)
____________, which is a powerful, destructive windstorm. That's when violent winds
rotate and destroy everything around them. A (3) _________________ is a huge wave in
the ocean that causes terrible damage to the land. This disaster can be caused by an (4)
______________, when the earth shakes from deep inside, which in turn can be caused by
the eruption of a (5) ________________________.
Answers:
1- flood
2- tornado
3- tsunami
121
4- earthquake
5- volcano
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Modal verbs of possibility in the past
UNIT (10)
We can use modal verbs with the perfect infinitive (have + the past participle) to talk about
possibility in the past.
1- We use could have + the past participle or might have + the past participle for a
specific possibility in the past (when we are not sure if something happened or not).
- A car might have broken down on the road.
- She could have got lost on her way to our house.
2- We use must have + the past participle for a deduction about the past when we
believe that something is true and quite often when we have evidence.
- He must have forgotten about our appointment today.
- I‟ve lost my bag. I must have left it on the train.
3- We use can’t have + past participle or couldn't have + past participle to talk
about something we are certain about. We also use these to express disbelief or
surprise. ,
- She couldn't have finished the project yesterday. There was so much left to do!
- It couldn't have been Ahmad you saw yesterday. He‟s in Spain this week.
- He can‟t have robbed the bank. He‟s such a nice person.
4- We use would have + past participle or wouldn't have + past participle to talk
about a definite outcome in the past, if the situation had been different. In this case,
the If is not spoken.
- I would have called you last night (if I had known you were upset).
- I would have gone with you to the library, but you didn't ask!
122
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Modal verbs of possibilities in the past
( must, can't, could, couldn't, might, would, wouldn't )
: ا
( ال
→.
Can't, couldn't: (
أ
Must: ( أ
ا
Might ,could: (
Must
→
ا
أ ا
ا
أ األ
→ )ال
/ )
.
→.
ا
ا
أ
)modals( ا
أف
ال
ا
أ األ
ف
ا
ا
ال
ال
Sure, (certain, certainly), (definite, definitely), I know.
Can't, couldn't
→ I don't believe, impossible. Sure, (certain, certainly),
(definite, definitely)
Might , could →
probable, possible, maybe, perhaps, I think, I don't know,
unsure whether …………or not
Write sentences which explain the possibilities of the following situations using the
suitable modal verbs from the box. (6 points)
must have,
might have,
can't have
1. The ground is wet here. That means this was almost certainly a lake once.
It………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. These people are very thin, that's why I'm certain they haven't eaten much food lately.
They…………………………………………………………………………………………………
must have,
might have,
can't have
1. Your friend said she would phone you, but she hasn‟t. You are sure she has not forgotten.
She……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 .Your sister has worked very hard. You feel sure that she has got good grades in her
exams.
She……………………………………………………………………………………………………
123
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
must have,
might have,
can't have
1. Ahmad's class starts at 8:30. It is 8:45 and he is not here yet. I am unsure whether he has
missed the bus or not.
Ahmad……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Salma's plants are dead. I am almost sure she hasn't watered them.
Salma …………………………………………………………………………………….
2016
ش
Write sentences which explain the possibilities of the following situations using the
suitable modal verbs between brackets. (6 points)
1-
My neighbours decided to move. I am almost sure that they have bought a new house.
( must have)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2-
Khaled's tablet is lost. I am almost sure that he hasn't kept it safely.
(can't have)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
ق3/ 2016
ش
must have,
might have,
can't have
1- Rashed ha prepared to give convincing presentation to his class. I 'm almost
sure he has gathered all the necessary information and facts.
....................................................................................................................................
2- The firm hasn't offered Renad the job. I'm unsure that she didn't do very well
in the interview.
....................................................................................................................................
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Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex. (4) stb.p. (79)
Complete the following sentences from the text, using the past form of the modal
verbs in brackets. Check your answers in the text.
1- They ……………………….goods such as spices, gold and animals. (might trade)
2- Many Roman writers wrote about what the Nabatean culture …………... like. (must be)
3- The language of the Nabateans ………….. a mixture of Arabic and Aramaic. (could be)
4- The Nabatean society ……………………..any slaves. (might not use)
5- They ………………. illiterate because there are some inscriptions that remain. (can‟t be)
Ex. (5) stb.p. (79) Choose the correct modal verb in the sentences.
1- It must have been / couldn't have been Tom who you saw in the street yesterday he's gone away for a week.
2- I'm sorry to hear that your trip has been cancelled. That might have been /must
have been a disappointment.
3- I don't know where I've put my glasses. I must have left /might have left them on
my desk at home. Or I might have left / couldn't have left them in the car.
EX. (2) wb. P. (53): Complete the text, using the past form of the modal verbs in
brackets:
The giant heads of Easter Island have been a mystery for centuries. Scientists have
wondered how the islanders ……………………………. (could transport) the huge stone
statues 18 kilometres from where they made . The islanders did not have wheels or any
kind of machine, which leads some experts to believe that they ……………………….
(must use) sledges, ropes, and rollers made from trees to move the „Moai‟ as the statues
are called. Another speculation that archaeologists have put forward is that the islanders
…………………….. (might move) the status, which weigh on average 10 tons, by rocking
them forward with ropes. The islanders …………………………. (could be able) to do this
because of the large stomachs that had been carved on the statues.
125
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Guided writing
Read the information in the table below, and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET, write two
sentences about the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy. Use the appropriate linking
words such as: but, and ... etc.
Solar energy
advantages
not harmful to the environment.
easy to install.
disadvantages
expensive.
can't be produced on a cloudy day.
On the one hand, solar energy is not harmful to the environment and easy to install. On the
other hand, it is expensive and can't be produced on a cloudy day.
Or
Solar energy is not harmful to the environment and easy to install but it is expensive and
can't be produced on a cloudy day.
Or - Although solar energy is not harmful to the environment and easy to install, it is
expensive and can't be produced on a cloudy day.
_________________________________________________________________________
Wind power
disadvantages
cannot produce energy if there is no wind.
dangerous if there is too much wind.
Wind power cannot produce energy if there is no wind. Also, it is dangerous if there is too
much wind.
Or
There are many disadvantages of Wind power such as: it cannot produce energy if there is no
wind. In addition, it is dangerous if there is too much wind.
126
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Read the information in the table below, and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET, write two
sentences about how to make use of unwanted books. Use the appropriate linking words such
as: and, moreover, in addition to ... etc.
How to make use of unwanted books...
•
•
•
•
exchange them with others.
sell them to bookstores.
recycle them.
donate them to local libraries.
There are many ways to make use of unwanted books such as exchanging them with others and
selling them to bookstores. Also, there are other ways to make use of unwanted books such as
recycling them and donating them to local libraries.
Or
To make use of unwanted books you should exchange them with others and sell them to
bookstores. You should also recycle them and donate them to local libraries.
________________________________________________________________________
Advantages of airbags in cars
- protect drivers..
- make an accident less painful..
- reduce car injuries..
- Airbags in cars protect drivers and make an accident less painful. They also reduce car
injuries.
- There are many advantages of airbags in cars such as protecting drivers and making an
accident less painful. There is also another advantage such as reducing car injuries.
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Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
The advantages of recycling waste materials
- save energy.
- protect natural resources.
- reduce pollution.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
How to be a good student …….
- respect teachers.
- help friends.
- study hard.
- participate in school activities.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ways to be more confident …….
- know your strengths and weaknesses.
- expect success.
- take risks.
- trust your capabilities.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
128
Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
The best ways to buy new items wisely
make a shopping list.
buy only the necessary things.
make use of sales.
keep a budget.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2016
ا
Read the information in the table below, and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET, write two
sentences about the disadvantages of technology on communication. Use the appropriate
linking words .
Disadvantages of technology on communication ...
•
•
•
•
distract from real life.
reduce social iteraction.
deteriorate language.
increase loneliness.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Reading wb.p. (54)
Amphitheatre = a large circular building without a roof and with many rows of seats.
ّ
Artefacts = an object such as a tool, weapon, etc. that was made in the past and is
historically important.
غ ال
Several different peoples have inhabited the city of Amman since antiquity. The earliest
settlement was recorded to date from around 7,000 BCE. The peoples left a lot of remains
behind, which can tell us a great deal about their culture.
Among the remains is the Amman Citadel or Jabal al-Qalaa. The citadel has witnessed the
rise of many different empires throughout the centuries. Even though archaeologists have
been studying the citadel‟s structures, tombs, walls and stairs, a lot of the remains are still
unexcavated.
The Amman Citadel is also the site of the Jordan Archaeological Museum, which is home
to a collection of artefacts from the citadel, as well as objects from other Jordanian historic
sites. This photo of Amman represents a mixture of ancient Amman and modern Amman. it
makes us reflect on how much an ancient civilisation can affect our modern-day culture.
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Teacher : Jameel Rawashdeh . Mobile (0788090726)
Ex. (7) wb.p. (54) : Answer the following questions:
1 - What do you think the citadel‟s structures, tombs, walls and stairs might tell us about
the civilisations back then?
The citadel‟s structures, tombs, walls and stairs might tell us about how people lived in
ancient civilizations.
2 - Do you think a country's remains and ruins should be preserved? Why / Why not?
A country's remains and ruins should be preserved because it is important to know about
history.
3- How do you think an ancient civilisation can affect modern-day culture?
When we study their ruins, we will know civilisation‟s greatness and that can affect our
modern – day culture.
4- Name other archaeological sites in Amman. Have you been to any of them? If so, what
was so impressive about them? If not, which sites would you like to visit?
The roman amphitheatre in Jerash is impressive because it‟s shape and was designed
skillfully.
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