•
Record No. 1970
I
83
053724
Supplementary Handbook for
Willmore Seismographs
by
P.J. Gregson and G. Woaif-
BMR
Record
1970/83
c.4
•
Record No. 1970
I 83
...
Supplementary Handbook for
Willmore Seismographs
by
P.J. Gregson and G. Woad
I
The information contained in this report has been obtained by
the Department of National Development as part of the policy
of the Commonwealth Government to assist in the exploration
and development of mineral resources. It may not be published
in any form or used in a company prospectus or statement without
the permission in writing of the Director, Bureau of Mineral
Resources, Geology and Geophysics.
.. -;.:.
Record 1970/83
SUPPLEMENTARY HANDBOOK
FOR
WILLMORE SEISMOGRAPHS
by
P.J. Gregson
and
G. Woad
.p
•
Corrected drawings 27 Oct 69.
, CONTENTS-.
.
Page
SUMMARY.
1.
INTRODUCTION
1
2.
MODIFICATIONSc""" ,. .
1
3.
Recording speed and lamp source
1
Time marks
2
Recorder change-over switches
2
Seismograph plugs
3
Calibrator unit
3
Other modifications
4
4
FIELD RECORDING,
...
4
Typical field unit
4.
5
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
1.
2.
Procedure and check list for setting up
Willmore field seismograph
'.
Record faults and causes
6
8
IL L US'J:!R~lQNS""",,·-···,""--""
Plate 1.
Modified Willmore lamp holder
Drawing No.
(G82/3-135)
Plate 2.
Voltage doubler, time plugs, and time-mark
mirror
(G82/3-136)
Plate 3.
Recorder change-over switch
(G82/3-137)
Plate 4.
Willmore seismograph plugs
(G82/3-138)
Plate 5.
Calibrator unit
(G82/3-140)
Plate 6.
Typica,l field unit
(G82/3-139)
Plate 7.
Willmore seismograph circuit diagram
(G82/3-134)
SUMMARY
•
The standard Willmore seismograph system has been modified to
meet observatory and field recording requirements at Mundaring
Geophysical Observatory.
Both for station recording of weak, local events and for field recording
of explosions, relatively high chart speeds are required, so the recorder
speed has been increased four times to a maximum of 240 mm/minute.
Larger lamps have been fitted to accommodate the higher chart speed and
for longer life. Recorder power supplies have been removed or altered,
and replaced by more reliable, external supplies of larger capacity.
An electromagnetic calibrator has been designed and fitted to Mark
II seismometers, so that calibrations can be made regularly.
1. INTRODUCTION
•
Willmore seismographs are used for two purposes by the Mundaring
Geophysical Observatory, operated by the Bureau of Mineral Resources,
Geology &. Geophysics (BMR). Firstly, as a short.~period, vertical,
station seismograph, supplementary to the WorldWtde Standard Seismograph
(WWSS) for the study of local earthquakes; and secondly, for short-term
field seismic recording.
Two recorders are normally operated at the Observatory Weir site,
both recording for 12 hours (120 mm/min) and both connected to the same
short-period vertical Benioff seismometer. The first recorder automatically
switches off after about twelve hours and switches on the second recorder,
thus giving 24 hours'recording at high chart speed.
The Willmore recorders normally have a maximum recording speed
of 60 mm/min but for short-term seismic recording in the field, high
recording speed (240 mm/min) is necessary.
The seismographs have been modified to make them suitable for these
requirements, more reliable, and interchangeable with each other. Plate 1
is a circuit diagram of the modified Willmore seismographs. All modifications
were carried out by Mr G. Woad at the Mundaring Geophysical Observatory.
This Record is intended to supplement the Willmore seismograph
handbook (Hilger. &.Watts) and the Instruction Manual for the Willmore
Seismometer Mark I I (Hilg,e.r . ~:Watts, 1965). It includes details of the
modifications made to the seismographs, and procedures for using the
seismographs in the field.
!' '.
2. MODIFICATIONS
Recording speed and lamp source
The existing synchronous I-rev/min motors were replaced by
Philips 4-rev/min motors (AU5300) g\iving recording speeds of 240, 120,
and 60 mm/min. The higher recording speeds made it necessary to replace
the existing lamp source with a brighter lamp (Philips 6V, 1.45A, PX40S,
Type 3871, C123) and hence a modified lamp holder was made (Plate 1).
The panel holding the lamp and covering the drive gears was divided
into two so that the lamp and lamp- intensity photocell can be removed without disturbing the drive gears. The leads to the lamp and the photocell were
connected through a Souriau five-pin plug so that the lamp sectipn of the
panel can be completely removed to facilitate maintenance on the recorder.
~2-
. The original power ,supply was lightly construct.ed, inadequate for
continuous operation, and too small for the requirements of the larger lamp.
It was replaced bya 6.3-V filament transformer connected to an external
250~ V mains or inverter supply.
The externaLmirrors on all galvanometers were replaced by mirrors
measuring about 6mm by 6 mm made from thin glass microscope slides,
which are easily cut. They, make it relatively easy to adjust the light beam
to fall on the galvanometer lens.
Time marks
The older type of recorder relied on a pulse to the galvanometer to
impress time marks on the record. This was not satisfactory as it disturbed
the recorder trace and often interfered with seismic pl)ases. A deflecting
time-mark mirror unit was installed in this recorder, making it standard with
the newer recorders. This unit was constructed along similar lines to the
WWSSrecorder time~mark units (Plate2C). Plugs (Belling .Lee .L131.7) for
the time-mark mirror, time channel, and galvanometer pulse were fitted into
the top control panel of the recorder instead of· the back, making them more
accessible (Plate 2B).
To operate the time",mark mirrors, some recorders had internal batteries
and some had full~wave rectifiers working from the power supply. In the latter
system there was a 1000."micofarad capacitoz: .across the time~mark solenoid, .
to smooth the rectifier .. This capacitor would discharge through the solenoid
and hold the time--:mark mirror in the" on" po~ition for several seconds after
the release of the external time closure. To correct this fault, the position
of the capacitor was altered so that it is not connected across the solenoid
when the external time closure is open.
All.recorders were modified so that the time~mark relays were
operated by power supplied by the 6.3-V filament transformer, through a
re'ctifier ahd a voltage double:r(Plate 2A) to ensure sufficient voltage for
operation.
Recorder change-over switches
One recorder at Mundaring has been modified so that on completion of
its record (12 hours) it switches on a second recorder and changes the
seismometer input to the second galvanometer. .
This.is done by connecting the nor~ally-open side of the limit microswitch to a three-pin power point fitted to the .front of .the recorder. The power
lead of the second recorder is plugged. into this power point so that when the
first galvanometer reaches the end of its run and operates the limit microswitch,
power is connected to the second recorder. A 250", V a.c. relay also plugged
into the power point operates and changes the seismometer input to the
second galvanometer. Plate 3. shows the wiring diagram •
•
Caution should be taken as the limit ~witc.h is wired (original) in the
neutral line of the 250-V cilr'cuit. To change this a considerable amount of
rewiring would be necessary.
Seismograph plugs.
The seismometer input plugs (Belling Lee L1349) of the new recorders
were unsatisfactory as the spring of the plugs tended to loosen very quickly
and so cause the seismometer-galvanometer circuit to open,Considerable
trouble was also experienced wit;h the galvanometer plqgs (British mains
type), through connexions:breaking or working loose~ It was also found that
the wiring. tn the recorders differed in that the earth side was on the male pin
in some recorders and the female in others! This meant that when a
galvanometer was changed from one recorder to another the ground motion was
reversed on the seismograms; in some cases with old galvanometers which
were earthed on one side, the galvanometer was shorted.
To overcome the poor connexions and to standardize wiring, plugs
from seismometer to recorder were replaced by waterproof Cannon
connectors (details Plate 4) and the galvanometer plugs by five-pin Souriau
connectors,
AIL.Willmore Mark.1I seismometers were fitted with three-pin Cannon
connectors, and connexions necessary to give the correct coil resistance
"weremade 'at -the terminals at the··baseofthe -seismometer, thuseliminating._. __ _
the need for an external junction box.
The magnets ofgalvanometer3 were r.eversed where necessary so that
an upward movement on the seismogram corresponded to an upward ground
movement (for vertical :seismometers).
Calibrator unit
;Electromagnetic calibrator units were constructed in the BMR workshop
after the pattern of Stewart and Sutton (1967). T'hese were modified to fit
.internally in the Mark U seismometers ISO that the waterproof properties
were :maintained (Plate 5). Theconnex-ions were made to a two-pin Cannon
receptacle .(MS .31.02£-12S-.38) mounted (n tJ;le ·ho.le that originally contained
the desiccator..
The caHbrating current wHI be supplied from 24-V control units
.used in conjunction with EM! digital cloCks.
~4-
Other modifications
A nylon sleeve, in place of the metal one,· was fitted over the dog
clutch from the synchronous_ motor to the drive gears. This reduced a.c.
effects on the galvanometers and also protected the recorder motor and
gears from damage during transport over short distances. When transporting
over long distances the clutch is·best removed.
The metal roHers on aU the old .type galvanometers were replaced by
nylon roners, and a small perspex plate was placed between the knife guide
and galvanometer frame. These isolated the galvanometer from, the recorder
frame, and so tended to eliminate mains a.c. interference with the galvanometer.
The graduated scale along the shutter aperture on the front of the
cassettes was painted white with black graduations to make th~ galvanometer
trace easier to see during adjustments and tests.
3. FIE LD RECORDING··
Willmore seismographs are at present used for all the short-term
field seismic recording from the Mundaring Observatory. This section is
written primarily to assist inexperienced operators.
-'
Most field recordings made from the Observatory require the accurate
absolute timing of seismic phases. The accuracy required.is achieved by
using the modified recorders with a paper speed of 240 mm/min (Le. 4
mm/sec).- One-second radio time pips.are recorded via.a-JOO.-liz_filter
directly onto the seismograms. Chronometer time marks are also recorded
on the seismograms for quick reference; The time Of seismic phases can
be measured accurately to one twentieth of a second.
Typical field unit
Plate 6 is a schematic diagram of a typical field recording unit. Some
components may be combined into one piece of equipment ..For example a
Labtronics time-signal receiver combines the radio receiver and filter; the
BMR seismic timing unit STA 3 combines the filter and chronometer relay.
The setting up of a field unit requires certain procedures and checks
to ensure that the seismograph is working correctly. Appendix 1 lists these
procedures and checks, symptoms of malfunction, and the remedies. Appendix
2 Hsts some common faults which occur on seismograms, and their causes.
..
-54 .. REFERENCES.
HILGER and WATTS ~ Instructions for the operation and maintenance of
the Willmore seismograph .
•
HILGER and WATTS 1965 - Willmore pattern seismograph.
STEWART, I. and SUTTON, D.J., 1967 .,; An eiectromagnetic calibration coil
for a Willmore Mk II seismometer.J .. Sc.L. Jnatru.m. 44, 1035 ..
.
'
-,.
-6-6A
~'."
r•41,1,,Z. • ie ..
DIX 1
PROCEDURE AND
AND·CHECK
CHECK LIST
LIST FOR
FOR SETTING
SETTING UP
UPAA
PROCEDURE
WILLMORE FIELD
FIELDSEISMOGRAPH
SEISMOGRAPU
WILLMORE
Seismometer (Vertical)
(Vertical)
Seismometer
The
The seismometer
seismometerisistotobe
becompletely
completely.buried
buriedand
andtamped
tamped firmly
firmly in
in
aa vertical
unless itit isisset
vertical position,
position,unless
seton
onaasolid
solidrock
rockoutcrop,
outcrop, inin
which case itit should
should be
be protected
protected from wind.
wind. As
As the
the seismometer
seismometer
which
is being
being unclamped,
unclamped, watch
watch the
position indicator
indicator rise
rise to
to
is
the mass position
its centre
centre position.
position.
its
Cable
Cable
cable is
is generally
generally sufficient
sufficient between
between the seismoseismoA thirty-metre cable
and recorder.
If the
the recorder
recorder isisnear
nearan
an artificial
artificialnoise
noise
meter and
recorder. If
if itit isisbeing
beingused
used with
with aa high-gain
high-gain amplifier, aa 100-metre
100-metre
or if
may be
to eliminate
eliminate the
the effects
effectsof
ofthe
thenoise
noiseand
and
cable may
be necessary to
operator.
movements "'of the
movements'Of
the operator.
Recorder
The
set on
on level
level ground
ground if
the
The recorder
recorder is to be set
if possible;
possible; ififthe
ground
motor end
end is
is to
to be
be downhill.
downhill.
ground slop~s,
slopes, the motor
Light
Light spot
-
-
---
For rapid
recording (240
mm/min) the
the lamp
lamp intensity
intensity is
is to
For
rapid recording
(240 mm/min)
to be
be on
on
beam is
is to
to be
be centred
centred on
on the
the galvanometer
galvanometer
maximum.
The light
light beam
maximum. The
lens in
in both
both elevation
elevation and
and azimuth
azimuth by
by adjusting
adjusting the galvanometer
galvanometer
mirror.
The beam
beam will then
then focus
line on
on the
the cassette. The
The
mirror. The
focus as a line
is adjusted
adjusted by
by tilting
tilting the
the galvanometer
galvanometer
elevation
elevation of
of the
the line is
backwards
backwardsor
orforwards
forwardsuntil
untilthe
theline
linefalls
falls symmetrically
symmetrically across
the
Both ends
ends of
of the
the cassette
cassette are
are to
to be
be tested,
tested, and
and
the cassette
cassette slit. Both
compromise made
madeififnecessary.
necessary. The
line
The lateral
lateral position
position of
of the
the line
aa compr6mise
is adjusted
adjusted by
by rotating
rotating the
the torsion
torsion head
head of
of the
the
on
on the
the cassette
cassette is
galvanometer
galvanometeruntil
untilthe
theline
lineisis just
just to
to the
the side
side of
of the
the external
external
galvanometer
motor.
galvanometermirror
mirror nearer
nearer the
the recorder motor.
Continuity
Continuityof
ofcircuit
circuit
5
If
continuous, longIf the
the seismometer-galvanometer
seismometer-galvanometer circuit is continuous,
period ground
groundmovements
movementsshould
shouldbe
beseen
seen by
by observing
observing the
the recording
period
recording
trace
Continuity of
of the
the circuit
circuit can
can be
be checked
checked by
trace at
at the
the cassette.
cassette. Continuity
turning
PULSE
turningthe
the ATTENUATOR
ATTENUATORswitch
switchto.
toTEST
TESTand
andpressing
pressing the
the PULSE
BUTTON. If the line oscillates freely at about 1 Hz the circuit
connexions are complete. If the line Qloves but does not oscillate
.freely, the seismometer may not be completely free from its
stops (refer to handbook). If the line does not oscillate when the
button is pressed,but oscillates at the galvanometer free
period if the recorder is jarred, them the seismometer-galvanometer circuit· is open at some point, and all connexions should be
checked. Compl~te lack of .line mov~ment indicates that the
galvanometer is shorted, and the leads at;ld plugs should be
checked.
.
Time marks
To be sure that the time marks are working, the light spot
. deflection should be noted. It should also be noted that the
light remains nearly central on· the galvanometer lens when
the light beam is deflected; if not, the galvanometer mirror
must be rotated slightly. If there are no minute marks from the
chronometer relay, check its batteries. If the radio pips do not
operate the tlme-mark relay·, check the radio volume and the
filter batteries. If the time-mark relay sticks on, either the
radio volume is too high or the chronometer relay is stuck
mechanically. VNG.is used for radio time pips and good
reception is obtained at most times on frequencies 12.000 MHz
(day) or 7.500.MHz,(night). The 59th second of each minute is
missing and the transmission IS identified by voice between
the 00 and 01 minutes of ~acQ hour ..
Cassette
When loading, make sure the record paper does not bulge out from
the drum. Check by quickly rotating the cassette wheel when the
lid is on. If the record paper is bulging it will be heard to catch
on the lid as the drum rotates. Check that the cassette is
correctly in position, that the cassette wheel is revolving, and
. that the drive gears are set at the correct speed. Non- rotation
of the wheel means that the gears are out of mesh, that the
cassette is incorrectly loaded or is not sitting correctly in
position, or that the motor is not operating;
-8APPENDIX "2
RECORD FAUL,TS AND CAUSES
Record fogged
General fogging is caused by exposure to light during loading
or unloading of the cassette. A black line across the re"bord
is caused by the'cassette shutter jamming open.
A black line without any record is caused by the cassette wheel
not rotating; check that the gears are meshed.
No record
The cassette shutter did not open; lengthen the plunger pin
on the recorder lid by screwing outwards and run test records.
Jittery trace
The recorder is not level. The galvanometer traverse should
be level or slightly down in the direction the galvanometer is
moving.
Time mark sticking
If the time~mark mirror sticks on .for the last part of the record,
the galvanometer magnet is operating the time-.mark relay
through the residual magnetism of the time-mark solenoid.
Reverse the current to the solenoid by reversing the plug (P 4)
shown in Plate 7.
Open circuit
Open circuit for the last part of the record is probably causeCi
by a poor connexion at the galvanometer, resulting from
movement of the galvanometer-recorder lead.
I
·...:..
......
:
'.
PLATE 1
'''u
>--0.75"
.
r------,I
!
T
0.4"
I
!
(, BA Bolls
2
3
c::::::;<:::>.'::::;~i I ver C ont ac t
4
I
I
I
C
I
I
I
r
1
~
LT-----TJ
i
0.5"
t- -4
0.5"
I
I
IL ___
L_ ...
'
5
Recorder PI ale
lug for
lamp
c
0.1 5·'
0.1 5"
(,
~--1.25"
+ - - + - - 1 . (,1 .. ----1;..--4,
+ - - - - - - + - - ]., - - + - - - - - -..
All sections Me circular
1 and 4 suew to#:ether with three (, BA Bolts
5 and 6 screw tOllether separated by recorder pIa Ie and
-,
six ;nsu lalin#: washl'rs Ie)
Lamp fils ;n 6 and held by Cap (1 ilnd 4) lockin#: by three lUllS
(a) in keyho/l's (bl
. Lamp contacls (i) 10 5 through one of boilS Ihrou#:h b
I;;)
to ,J fourth boll ill (,
MODIFIED
WILLMORE
LAMP
HOLDER
,.;~'
T,I ,It'e,"h );,,'1
Rla',·,d N .• t~I/\1 ~3
G8213-135
A
B
. VOLTAGE
DOUBLER
PLATE 2 .
TIME
PLUGS
Willmore Recorder
>-
Time Mark Mirror
Solenoid
c
Beam
"l\III~----""':---- Light Beam
A t - -.....-·Brass
Shim
~------:---2~!!!p~ap....J,.,
-HI---Cotton Wool
Damping.
TIME
MARK
MIRROR
.i Diameter
Aluminuim Tube
UNIT
C82/3-136A
.1
I.
From Seismometer
White Screen Black
Ree. A
Mains Input
2S0Va.c.
Rec. A
Seismo
Input
Rec. B
Mains Input
Rec.B
Seismo Input
Rec. A
Mains
Microswitch
Normal
To Rec. A
Temporary
Power to
Rec. B
Ree. A
Front
a.e. Plug
'"w
Galvo
Change-over
Relay
RECORDER
CHA NGE-OVER
t\J
SWITCH
.
'
•
SEISMOMETER
CABLE
Black
Green
White
Frame
<I)
"I
..,.
<I)
~
~
<I)
<I)
"I
..,.
I
~
Recorder
Galvo
Galvo
Plug
Frame Side
0 (]
(H old
Ie
.!!
.J:I
<I)
po
po
po
I
w
I
w
I
w
III
t>
N
po
0
0
0
po
'"0
po
'"0
po
'"0
t""I
<I)
t""I
<I)
t""I
dt.:
Il)
t""I
<I)
~
~
C
~
C
~
po
i~
po
COlli
COlli
Q
C
c
c
Q
C
c
c~G/
Q~-
U
U
U<I),,"
Q
c
c
~
U
Q
C
c
po
~.
~
U
.re'l
-
"I
..,.
"I
..,.
po
C
All necessary coil
connections made here.
@ @-,,,m, I
GALVANOMETER
Attenuator
I
w
N
SEISMOMETER BASE
e
RECORDER
Ic
..,.~
c·-
~
c~E
~QG/
~
1 2 3
......
-.
c~
g.!! G/
:s-
.
~
>0-
...
~
III
c~Q~.c
>-
U<I)~!!::.
Channel
NOTE:- Galva connected so that
ground Up- Up the seismo/:ram.
Reverse magnet of galvo if
necessary to achieve this.
Time
Channel
2
1
I
WILLMORE
3
I.
I
-r..
w
SEISMOGRAPH
.I
•
Common
PLUGS
0.1~
MS3102E-12S-3S
---=~....I
L~____--cc:oover Plate
t--
~;;g;",1 Rod
~fP'"
l0.125"
.. al Hole
Orlgl n
0 39"
Enlarged to .
T
1.
1.45"
0.425"-1
3
Top Plate
~T
t1 1
8" _ _
6.
1.0"
Magnet
0.4"
Brass 3/ d"
N.r. Threa
1
......--~ - 2
6
s.
,--"1
~-L
t-
I 0 265"
.
T
':1:'100.375"
~-L
5
4
4.
3
~I$"
;"~.d
::
T
3.
Middle Plate
t-
1.925"
1.0"
Original
Rod
Magnet
5 BA Nut
C')
CD
.........
-...
IN
I
C>
>
'~~o:m:e:te:r~~~~~ ~ ~
. , of Willmore Sels
Section I'brator
with Ca I
,
,
__
__
CALIBRATOR
UN IT
(Sketch Only)
____________________________________________________________
1
""CI
r-
:>
-4
rn
VI
,',
D.C POWER
Chronometer
Radio VNG
W.W.S.S.N. Filter 25V
M .G.O. Transistor Relay 22.5V
8 .M.R. Seismic Timing 'Unit STA3 18V (internal)
M .G.O. Filter Unit 22.5V
\"
,...
D.C Power
Minute , I
Closure
Audio
Transistor
Relay
1000 Hz Fi Iter
;.
,
D.C Power
;
12V
Accumulator
Time Closure
....
I
Seismometer
"
/"
(}a,,,
I
I
I
Willmore
Recorder
.......
......
... 250V a.c.
-...
I
I
L_:... _______o_..1I
I
TYPICAL
FI ElD
UNIT
tnverter
,
Mains
Input
P13
-
~ ~
IE) (
o
WillMORE SEISMOGRAPH
RECORDER
CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM
n
"-~
-!I)
~
PLATE 7
Pll
,_"
~
f2
~---+-------------~---~r+------------~~~
'~
~
"
COMPONENTS
nooo n
Rl
R2
6500
R3
2200
R4
560
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
220
•
P3
Belling Lee L656
P4
Bulgin P28, P29
P5
Bulgin VH60 and PZ9
P6
Cannon 8140-1,5 pin souriau
P7
Cannon 8140-1,5 pin souriau
150 [1
P8
Cannon 8140-1,5 pin souriau
n
390 n
750 n
5 n
100 n
250 n
P9
Cannon 8140-1,
P10
Cannon MS 3102E-14S-S7
P11
Cannon MS3102E-14S-S7
P12
Cannon MS 31 02E-14S-S7
P13
Bulgin SA 1861
360
R12
R13
R14
R15
Recorder
L..r.
lamp
II
5 pin
I I
I II Ipl
GEX 35
D2
BYY 100
0.005 mfd
C2
0.1
C3
1000 mfd 25V
,"
B
~ Q. "
I
RS
, .
I'~
.~'II R15~
=:= C1
....
Pulse
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CAPACITORS
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.--~~---------------_;18~+-~--------------------_i~r_+_-----=~~~~~~~~
DIODES
D1
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1000
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•
PLUGS
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R14~"'---~------------------~~--~--~---~~~'~---;*~A~It~e~nu~a=to=r~1----~1r--t-----1r---rl~~'~-:A;t~te~n~u~at~o~r2>=::----lr---------;--1r--~I:"~1>._Altenuator3 __
P2
RESISTORS
Seismo (3)
Input
PtO
Seismo (2)
Input'
Seismo (J)
Input
P12 ,
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(
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,
Attenuators 1,2,3 are identical
P4
Timemark
Mirror
Relay
--
Motor
Microswltch
To accompany Record No.1970/83
G82/3-134